维生素D缺乏与儿童肥胖

维生素D(VD)缺乏和儿童肥胖已成为两大公共卫生问题。随着人们对VD骨外效应的逐渐认识,VD与儿童肥胖的关系已成为研究热点。近年来大量国内外研究表明VD缺乏与肥胖及其相关代谢性疾病存在相关性;肥胖人群血清VD水平明显低于正常体重人群,且孕期母体VD缺乏与子代体重超重密切相关;对肥胖人群进行VD的补充治疗有助于降低体重指数,但VD与肥胖之间的因果关系仍不明确,且相关机制仍未完全阐明。本文就VD缺乏与儿童肥胖的流行病学特征、两者之间的关系及其可能的相关机制进行阐述。     

骨桥蛋白在结肠癌中的表达

目的 探讨骨桥蛋白(OPN)在结肠癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达及意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测60例结肠癌组织及50例癌旁组织中OPN的表达.结果 OPN 在60例结肠癌及50例癌旁组织中表达率分别为71.7%和14.0%(P＜0.05).结肠癌组织中OPN的表达与肿瘤淋巴结转移、分化程度和浸润深度相关 (P＜0.05).结论 OPN在结肠癌中呈高表达,且在结肠癌的侵袭转移中起重要作用.     

TrkB基因在脑源性神经营养因子治疗宫内缺氧缺血性脑损伤中的表达变化

目的:探讨酪氨酸激酶(TrkB)基因在尾静脉注射脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)治疗官内缺血缺氧脑损伤中的表达变化.方法:钳夹孕鼠子宫动脉30 min后,尾静脉注射BDNF 1 μg或2 μg,持续5天,同时设立假手术组和生理盐水组为对照,RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测胎鼠TrkB mRNA和蛋白的表达变化.结果:孕鼠子宫动脉钳夹30 min后,可造成胎鼠TrkB的表达增高,并且进行尾静脉注射外源性BDNF可使TrkB表达增高更为明显.结论:通过尾静脉注射BDNF可明显上调胎鼠脑内TrkB的核酸和蛋白表达,加强BDNF对脑神经元的保护和修复作用.     

脂联素在冠心病发生发展中的作用

脂联素(adiponectin)是新近发现的脂肪细胞分泌的特异性蛋白质,循环血液中含量较丰富。脂联素通过抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化在冠心病的发生和发展中起保护作用,在控制冠心病的危险因素如肥胖、2型糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗中也起到重要作用。它为降低冠心病发病率和病死率提供一个新的思路。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病外周血淋巴细胞中前列腺凋亡反应基因4 mRNA检测的临床意义

目的探讨测定新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)外周血淋巴细胞中前列腺凋亡反应基因4(Par4)mRNA表达量的临床意义。方法HIE患儿37例为实验组(轻度14例,中度15例,重度8例),正常新生儿8例为对照组。两组在生后24h抽取外周静脉血1mL,采用Rt PCR法测定淋巴细胞中Par4mRNA表达量。结果轻、中、重度HIE患儿外周淋巴细胞中Par4mRNA表达量均较对照组显著上调(P均<0.01)。重度HIE患儿Par4mRNA表达量最高(F=64.6P<0.01)。结论测定外周血淋巴细胞中Par4mRNA表达量,对HIE的早期诊断和疾病严重程度的判断有一定临床价值。     

高脂饮食诱导下肥胖易感大鼠与肥胖抗性大鼠间部分生理学指标差异的研究

目的：探讨高脂饮食诱导下肥胖易感（OP）大鼠与肥胖抗性（OR）大鼠在体重、食量、Lee′s指数、脂肪湿重、血脂及脂肪组织蛋白脂酶（LPL）基因表达等方面的生理学差异。方法：48只大鼠，以高脂饲料饲养1周后，按体重增殖从大到小百分排序，取第75百分位以上 OP组，第25百分位以下为OR组，继续高脂饲养4周；观察各大鼠体重变化、摄食量、Lee′s指数、脂肪湿重、血脂等，采用Northern Blot分析脂肪组织中LPL基因的mRNA表达水平。结果：1.OP大鼠的体重增殖、热能摄入、Lee′s指数及腹腔脂肪湿重均显著高于OR大鼠，但血脂水平两组间无差异；2.高脂饲养1周、5周时OP大鼠体重增值分别是OP大鼠的6.54、4.25倍，热能摄入仅为OR大鼠的1.13、1.15倍；3.OP大鼠脂肪组织中LPL基因的mRNA表达水平显著高于OR大鼠。结论：OP与OR大鼠间存在生理学差异，其原因除OP大鼠热能摄入较多因素外，OP大鼠体内较高的能量效能是其肥胖易感性较高的重要因素，而能量效能与脂肪组织LPL基因的表达水平可能存在密切关系。     

孕早期胎儿颈项透明层在产前超声筛查胎儿畸形中价值的Meta分析

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of nuchal translucency (NT) as a screening test for fetal abnormalities in the first trimester ultrasound examination.MethodsA search in Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVID, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Bio-edicine Database（CBM）was performed to identify relevant English and Chinese articles between Jan 1990 and August 2008. Criteria for inclusion were established based on validity criteria for diagnostic research. Subsequently, the characteristics of the included articles were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed with Meta-iSc 1.4. Heterogeneity of the included articles was tested to select proper effect model to calculate pooled weighted sensitivity and specificity. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve(SROC) was made and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsTwelve articles were included, with a total of 112 099 fetuses. Nine articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for the value of screening for cardiac abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness above the 95th percentile for gestational age. The pooled sensitivity and specificity was 29.8%, 96.9%，respectively, AUC=0.804 7. Seven articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for the value of screening for cardiac abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness above the 99th percentile for gestational age. The pooled sensitivity and specificity was 18.9%, 99.3%，respectively, AUC=0.971 2. Five articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for the value of screening for fetal abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness above the 95th percentile for gestational age. The pooled sensitivity and specificity was 25.0%, 98.3% respectively, AUC=0.183 0. The sensitivity of screening for cardiac abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness above the 95th percentile for gestational age was significantly higher than the nuchal translucency thickness above the 99th percentile for gestational age（χ2=6.58， P<0.05）,no difference was found in the specificity. The random?瞖ffect model was used in the analysis of screening for cardiac abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness above the 95th or 99th percentile for gestational age because of the heterogeneity. The fixed-ffect model was used in the analysis of screening for fetal abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness above the 95th percentile for gestational age because of the homogenicity. ConclusionsThe results suggest that screening for fetal abnormalities by NT thickness above the 95th percentile for gestational age has a low accuracy and is unsuitable for prenatal screen. At present it is incompletely clear on the sensitivity and specificity of screening for different kinds of fetal abnormalities by NT thickness. Screening for cardiac abnormalities by first trimester NT thickness has a high accuracy and specificity and can be reliably used in prenatal screen. We need the further systemic reviews to evaluate the value of NT as a screening test for different kinds of fetal abnormalities. Further multi?瞔entre and prospective studies are badly needed to be performed to optimize the standard of nuchal translucency thickness, evaluate the value of NT as a screening test for fetal abnormalities (especially cardiac abnormalities) in the first trimester ultrasound examination by a cost-effectiveness analysis, and develop an operation guideline on first trimester nuchal translucency thickness measurement for the prenatal screening of cardiac abnormalities in China.     

血清S-100B蛋白在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清S-100B蛋白水平在缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿早期诊断、病情进展中的价值。方法HIE组新生儿46例(轻度31例,中重度15例),健康对照组43例为健康足月新生儿。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测二组脐血和生后24h血清S-100B蛋白水平。结果1.健康对照组性别、出生体质量对脐血、24h血清S-100B蛋白水平无影响;2.健康对照与HIE组脐血血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(1.03±0.32)和(2.53±1.1)μg/L,二组比较有显著性差异(t′=8.848P<0.05);轻度HIE组与中重度HIE组脐血血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(2.06±0.65)和(3.49±1.23)μg/L,与健康对照组比较均有显著性差异(F=79.691P<0.01);3.健康对照与HIE组24h血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(1.07±0.32)与(3.83±2.32)μg/L,二组比较有显著差异(t′=7.631P<0.05);4.轻度与中重度HIE组24h血清S-100B蛋白水平分别为(2.84±1.06)和(6.11±2.83)μg/L,与健康对照组比较均有显著差异(F=48.224P<0.01);5.HIE组脐血与24h血清S-100B蛋白水平呈显著正相关(r=0.6177P<0.001)。结论1.健康足月新生儿出生体质量及性别对血清S-100B蛋白水平无影响。2.脐血和24h血清S-100B蛋白水平均提示HIE的发生,且能反映其严重程度;脐血S-100B对早期预测HIE的发生更有意义。     

宫内窘迫新生儿脐动脉血激活素A的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨宫内窘迫新生儿脐动脉血激活素A(ACT A)的变化及其临床意义。方法采用生物素-亲和素酶联免疫吸附试验检测40例正常妊娠对照组及35例胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇的新生儿脐动脉血ACT A水平,同时行脐动脉血血气分析。结果宫内窘迫孕妇组新生儿脐动脉血ACTA水平为(1235.89±178.78)ng/L,对照组为(627.28±75.24)ng/L,二组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);脐动脉血血气分析,胎儿宫内窘迫组pH、p(O2)、碱剩余(BE)低于对照组,二组间比较有显著性差异(Pa<0.05),而p(CO2)高于对照组,二组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);胎儿宫内窘迫组新生儿脐动脉血ACTA水平与pH、p(O2)、BE呈负相关(r=-0.849,-0884,-0.817Pa<0.05);与脐动脉血p(CO2)呈显著正相关(r=0.835P<0.05)。结论胎儿宫内窘迫孕妇脐动脉血ACT A水平明显增加,且和脐动脉血气有明显的相关性,可作为一项新的临床指标预测胎儿宫内窘迫。     

吸入一氧化氮治疗早产儿低氧性呼吸衰竭的Meta分析

目的 总结国内、外吸入一氧化氮（iNO）治疗早产儿低氧性呼吸衰竭（HRF）的研究结果，采用Meta分析方法综合评价iNO治疗早产儿HRF的临床效果，为临床应用提供指导。方法 制定原始文献的纳入标准、排除标准及检索策略，检索PubMed、EMBASE、Ovid、Springer和中国期刊全文数据库等，获得iNO治疗早产儿HRF的临床文献。使用国际Cochrane中心推荐的方法进行文献质量评估后，采用Review Manager 4.2软件对满足纳入标准的有关iNO治疗早产儿HRF的RCT研究进行Meta分析。选取iNO治疗组和对照组用氧时间、住院时间、机械通气时间、住院期间的病死率作为近期观察指标；支气管肺发育不良（BPD）、颅内出血或脑白质软化（PVL）、早产儿视网膜病（ROP）的发生率、1岁时随访脑瘫、Bayley 精神发育指数（MDI）或精神运动发育系数（PDI）＜2个标准差（s）的发生率为终点疗效观察指标，得出合并后疗效的优势比（OR）及其95％CI进行定性、定量综合评估。结果 共检索出883篇文献，对符合标准的9篇RCT文献进行Meta分析，漏斗图检验未发现发表偏倚。Meta分析结果显示治疗后的近期观察指标：3项RCT研究：用氧时间:iNO治疗组（n=259）低于对照组（n=259），P＜0.05；机械通气时间：iNO治疗组（n=259）和对照组（n=259）差异无统计学意义；住院时间：iNO治疗组（n=259）低于对照组（n=259），P＜0.05；6项住院期间患儿病死率的RCT研究:iNO治疗组（n=1 084）和对照组（=1 096）差异无统计学意义。治疗后的终点疗效观察指标：5项BPD发生率的RCT研究:iNO治疗组（n=618）低于对照组（n=621），P＜0.05；5项颅内出血（所有级别）发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=787）和对照组（n=806）差异无统计学意义；4项颅内出血（3级或4级）发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=767）发生率低于对照组（n=784），P＜0.05；5项颅内出血（3级或4级）或PVL发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=1 021）和对照组（n=1 012）差异无统计学意义；2项阈值ROP发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=608）和对照组（n=605）差异无统计学意义；4项ROP发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=474）和对照组（n=463）差异无统计学意义；1项需要手术治疗ROP发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=294）和对照组（n=288）差异无统计学意义；3项随访至1岁时脑瘫发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=168）和对照组（n=184）差异无统计学意义；2项Bayley MDI＜2s发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=156）和对照组（n=110）差异无统计学意义；2项Bayley PDI＜2s发生率的RCT研究：iNO治疗组（n=155）和对照组（n=167）差异无统计学意义。结论 现有的RCT研究结果还不支持iNO作为早产儿HRF的常规治疗方法，仍需要大样本、多中心RCT研究和远期神经系统发育情况随访来探讨iNO治疗早产儿HRF的确切疗效。