红外分光光度法鉴别阿莫西林胶囊

【】 目的：建立阿莫西林胶囊的红外光谱鉴定法。方法：取胶囊内容物,以高纯度溴化钾压片,直接测定红外吸收光谱。结果：阿莫西林胶囊与阿莫西林对照品的红外光谱完全一致,并与《药品红外光谱集》中阿莫西林的标准光谱一致。结论：本方法专属性好,能快速、准确,可用于阿莫西林胶囊中阿莫西林成分的鉴别。     

斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮的提取工艺研究＊

目的：优选斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法：采用分光光度法,通过单因素实验考察乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间以及液料比对斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮提取率的影响。结果：最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度70%、提取4次,每次1 h、料液比为1：20。结论：采用最佳提取条件,得到的斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮含量为103.55 mg·g-1。     

原料药粒径对头孢地尼颗粒体外溶出行为的影响

目的：考察原料药粒径对头孢地尼颗粒体外溶出度的影响。方法参照2010版中国药典第二法,以 pH ＝6．8磷酸盐缓冲液为溶出介质,转速为50 r·min －1,采用紫外分光光度法为分析方法,考察不同粒径的原料制备的头孢地尼颗粒与参比制剂溶出的一致性。结果粒径为 D90：142．90μm、D50：30．25μm、D10：3．47μm（100目筛）和 D90：51．21μm、D50：10．71μm、D10：2．25μm（200目筛）的头孢地尼原料制成的颗粒溶出行为与原研不相似;在不同溶出介质中,D90：35．62μm、D50：6．98μm、D10：1．66μm 的头孢地尼原料制成的颗粒,与参比制剂的溶出行为均相似。结论建立的分析方法简单可靠,原料微粉化能够有效提高难溶性药物的溶出度。     

催化褪色光度法测定中草药白花蛇舌草中的微量锗

目的：利用催化褪色光度法测定中草药白花蛇舌草中微量元素锗。方法用超声波清洗仪提取中草药白花蛇舌草中微量元素锗,并用催化褪色光度法测定锗元素的含量。研究痕量锗在稀硫酸介质中催化加速溴酸钾、过氧化氢与中性红之间的反应,建立催化光度法测定痕量锗的方法。结果本实验测得中草药白花蛇舌草中无机锗（Ⅳ）含量为0.0248μg/g。结论该法灵敏度、精密度均能满足检测工作的需要。     

野蔷薇不同部位总黄酮含量比较研究

目的:比较野蔷薇不同部位总黄酮含量,为今后开发利用野蔷薇提供依据。方法:采用超声提取法提取野蔷薇不同部位总黄酮,以芦丁为对照品,采用分光光度法测定的总黄酮含量为指标,对野蔷薇不同部位总黄酮含量进行比较。结果:通过比较野蔷薇叶、青果皮、青果籽、红果皮、红果籽、茎、根皮总黄酮含量得出:根皮(137.2 mg·g-1)叶(43.22 mg·g-1)茎(36.05 mg·g-1)青果皮29.94 mg·g-1)红果皮(15.25 mg·g-1)红果籽(4.761 mg·g-1)青果籽(4.396 mg·g-1)。结论:野蔷薇中总黄酮含量丰富,尤其根皮中含量最高,潜在应用价值大。     

Spectrophotometric dental colour measurement to assess age in living adults

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of spectrometrically measured colour parameters of teeth for age estimation in living adults. A total of 329 teeth were selected (162 upper central incisors and 167 upper canines) from 52 men and 50 women aged between 20 and 86 years. Colour measurements were performed in vivo on the vestibular surface of the teeth using a portable contact Spectro-color device. Colorimetric variables (L*, a*, b*), chromaticity coordinates (x, y, z), and indexes of whiteness (WIC, Z%, WI) and yellowness (YI) were calculated. The accuracy of colour values to estimate the age was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. A more powerful age discrimination was obtained with upper incisors than with upper canines. Areas under the ROC curve ranged from 0.7 to 0.8 for all dental colour parameters measured in upper central incisors except for the variables L* and Z%, with sensitivity values ranging from 56% to 93% and specificity values from 38% to 92%. We conclude that spectrophotometric dental colour measurement may be an objective and useful tool to estimate age and meets medical ethical standards for application in living adults. However, further research is needed to study the effect of ethnicity and other factors on tooth colour.     

Olfactory Testing: Rules for Odor Identification

Neurology manuals generally recommend odor identification for simple assessment of olfaction. Nevertheless, even patients with normal olfaction (normosmics) often perform only poorly. Three experiments demonstrate that such an ambiguous outcome will disappear if the test incorporates highly familiar substances and, more important, a procedure to circumvent the olfactory-verbal gap that frequently separates an odor from its name. One multiple-choice procedure, for instance, led to 100% accuracy among normosmics. Another led to 99% accuracy among normosmics and 0% accuracy among anosmics. The investigation also reveals that scratch-and-sniff labels could possibly replace customary odorants in the clinical test.     

Color Aspect of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations: A Review of the Literature

Monolithic zirconia restoration is an acceptable treatment option in restorative dentistry and a developing trend in esthetic dentistry. Digital dentistry has simplified fabrication of monolithic zirconia restorations. Zirconia ceramic has introduced an opportunity to achieve both esthetic and mechanical requirements for restorations. This is rarely found for a ceramic in dentistry. Monolithic zirconia restorations represent an acceptable durability, comparable to metal‐ceramic restorations, while they are superior to metal‐ceramic restorations esthetically; however, difficulties to gain an optimal shade reproduction and a color match with monolithic zirconia restorations still remain. The color of these restorations may be influenced by manufacturing processes, laboratory procedures, and clinical factors. Manufacturing processes determine basic optical properties of zirconia ceramics. Different laboratory procedures may create optical changes in zirconia ceramics. Also clinical factors such as dental background, cement, and zirconia restoration features may affect the resulting color. This literature review aimed to discuss potent factors in the color of monolithic zirconia restorations. An electronic search of the PubMed/Google Scholar database was performed to find related English‐language articles published between January 1, 2000, and October 31, 2017. The key terms of background, cement, ceramic, color, esthetics, shade, spectrophotometry, thickness, translucency, and zirconia were used both individually and simultaneously. Also, a manual search was conducted, and five classic articles of color science were added. Thus 192 articles were included. In the last decade, shade reproduction of monolithic zirconia restorations has been highly regarded; however, further improvements are required in the manufacturing process to produce tooth‐like zirconia ceramics. An esthetic guideline named background‐cement‐ceramic color harmony was suggested in this study; however, more clinical practice guidelines should be established for monolithic zirconia restorations on esthetics, and therefore, more studies are required.