超声引导经肩袖间隙注射治疗冻结肩的临床研究

目的探讨超声引导经肩袖间隙肩关节腔和三角肌下滑囊注药治疗冻结肩的可行性与临床疗效。 方法选取2020年3月至2021年3月于解放军总医院第一医学中心确诊的65例冻结肩患者进行超声引导经肩袖间隙肩关节腔和三角肌下滑囊注药治疗。治疗前超声检查测量肩袖间隙处肱二头肌长头肌腱至皮肤的最短距离和喙肱韧带的厚度，分别于治疗前和治疗后1周、1个月及3个月行视觉模拟量表（VAS）疼痛评分以及Constant量表和美国加利福尼亚大学（UCLA）量表肩关节功能评分。 结果治疗前测量肱二头肌长头肌腱至皮肤最短距离为（11.81±2.52）mm，喙肱韧带厚度平均为（2.69±0.42）mm。所有患者均成功进行超声引导经肩袖间隙肩关节腔和三角肌下滑囊注药治疗。与治疗前评分比较，治疗后1周、1个月和3个月的VAS疼痛评分随时间延长而降低，两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.008）。与治疗前比较，治疗后1个月、3个月Constant量表和UCLA量表的肩关节功能评分得到改善，评分比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.016）；与治疗后1个月比较，治疗后3个月Constant量表和UCLA量表的肩关节功能评分改善不明显，评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.016）。与治疗前相比，治疗后1个月、3个月Constant量表中的疼痛程度、日常生活能力、肩关节活动程度和肌力均得到改善，评分比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.016）；与治疗后1个月相比，治疗后3个月的疼痛程度、日常生活能力、肩关节活动度和肌力均未见进一步改善，评分差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.016）。 结论超声引导经肩袖间隙注射可一次进针实现肩关节腔和三角肌下滑囊2个部位的注射，临床短期疗效满意，可作为冻结肩超声引导微创治疗的方案之一。     

Hallazgos ecográficos en el tejido tímico ectópico intratiroideo en niños y adolescentes. Una revisión sistemática

Intrathyroidal ectopic thymic tissue (IETT) is an indulgent, unusual entity and is part of the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in the pediatric population. Because of the low prevalence of IETT, the diagnosis may be difficult. Awareness of this diagnosis is definitive to avoid surgical interventions. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the echographic characteristics of IETT. We conducted a search of Ovid, PubMed and the virtual health library.A total of 619 patients with a mean age of 6.2 years old were included. IETT was located in the lower portion of both of the thyroidal lobes in 556 children, the echographic shape was reported for 173 patients, with the fusiform shape as the most representative, the appearance of the IETTs was reported for 121 patients, the most common was the hypoechogenic pattern with multiple internal echogenic foci. The average lesion diameter was 5.53 mm, and Doppler findings reported a hipovascular pattern in 56% of the lesions.In conclusion, IETT is an infrequent entity; nonetheless, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck nodules in children and should be study and follow with echography to avoid unnecessary surgery.     

The diagnostic significance of repeat ultrasound-guided biopsy of musculoskeletal soft-tissue lesions with initially inconclusive biopsy results

IntroductionTo determine the diagnostic yield of repeat ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy of musculoskeletal soft-tissue lesions with initially inconclusive biopsy results, and to explore predictive factors for success of repeat biopsy.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included 42 patients who underwent a repeat (second) US-guided biopsy session to target a musculoskeletal soft-tissue lesion because an initial US-guided biopsy session provided inconclusive results. Both biopsy sessions were performed in a tertiary referral center for soft-tissue sarcomas.ResultsThe diagnostic yield of repeat US-guided biopsy was 47.6%. Malignant nature of the lesion (P = 0.031), sharp lesion borders on US (P = 0.011), and good to very good lesion visibility on US (P = 0.017) were significantly associated with a diagnostic repeat US-guided biopsy. There was also a trend towards significance (P = 0.073) for a higher number of biopsy passes through the lesion. Other patient characteristics (age and gender), magnetic resonance imaging features (lesion homogeneity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and gadolinium chelate enhanced sequences, borders, enhancement pattern, depth and size), US features (lesion appearance, vascular flow, and depth), biopsy-related factors (days between initial and repeat US-guided biopsy, needle diameter, maximum length of acquired samples), and operator-related factors (same or different radiologists/pathologists for initial and repeat biopsies), were not associated with the diagnostic success of the repeat US-guided biopsy.ConclusionsRepeat US-guided biopsy of a musculoskeletal soft-tissue lesion with initially inconclusive biopsy results can be useful to establish a final diagnosis. Lesion features on US (borders and visibility) may be used to prospectively determine the utility of a repeat US-guided biopsy.     

Bloqueo ecoguiado bajo el músculo multífido para el dolor postoperatorio tras cirugía de columna lumbar: serie prospectiva de casos

We describe a series of 15 patients scheduled for single level lumbar spine decompression with instrumentation receiving ultrasound (US) guided submultifidus block (SMFB). In this series, injections of local anesthetic deep to the multifidus muscle provided reliable block of dorsal rami of spinal nerves at multiple levels. With US, the multifidus muscle can be identified both in axial and parasagittal planes. Needle tip is easily visualized beneath the multifidus and medial to the transverse process. Good quality analgesia was documented by pain scores. There were no adverse events. Further studies are needed to compare this nerve block with routine multimodal analgesia or with the recently described thoracolumbar interfascial plane block to compare safety and analgesic efficacy.     

Prognostic Value of Lung Ultrasonography in Older Nursing Home Residents Affected by COVID-19

ObjectivesLung ultrasonographic (LUS) imaging may play an important role in the management of patients with COVID-19–associated lung injury, particularly in some special populations. However, data regarding the prognostic role of the LUS in nursing home residents, one of the populations most affected by COVID-19, are not still available.DesignRetrospective.Settings and ParticipantsNursing home residents affected by COVID-19 were followed up with an LUS from April 8 to May 14, 2020, in Chioggia, Venice.MethodsCOVID-19 was diagnosed through a nasopharyngeal swab. LUS results were scored using a 12-zone method. For each of the 12 zones (2 posterior, 2 anterior, 2 lateral, for both left and right lungs), the possible score ranged from 0 to 3 (1 = presence of B lines, separated, with <50% of space from the pleural line; 2 = presence of B lines, separated, with >50% of space from the pleural line; 3 = lung thickening with tissuelike aspect). The total score ranged from 0 to 36. Mortality was assessed using administrative data. Data regarding accuracy (and related parameters) were reported.ResultsAmong 175 nursing home residents, 48 (mean age: 84.1 years; mainly female) were affected by COVID-19. Twelve died during the follow-up period. The mean LUS score was 3. The area under the curve of LUS in predicting mortality was 0.603 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.419-0.787], and it increased to 0.725 (95% CI: 0.41-0.99) after including follow-up LUS controls. Taking an LUS score ≥4 as exposure variable and mortality as outcome, the sensitivity was 58.33% and specificity 63.89%, with a positive likelihood ratio of 1.62 and a negative of 0.65.Conclusions and ImplicationsLUS is able to significantly predict mortality in nursing home residents affected by COVID-19, suggesting that this simple tool can be routinely used in this setting instead of more invasive techniques available only in hospital.     

Imaging of regional pain syndromes; from syndromes to conditions using imaging?

Musculoskeletal regional pain syndromes often lead to patient referrals in general and rheumatological practice. Detailed history taking and clinical examination can in most cases reveal the cause for pain and direct the subsequent management of the conditions. Yet, when in doubt, imaging methods have to support the clinical assessment.This paper presents the underlying pathologies of the most frequently encountered regional pain syndromes and the role of musculoskeletal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in their visualization. It presents data, where available, on diagnostic accuracy and comparisons with gold standards.The article stresses the advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed imaging modalities and suggests the future research agenda.     

Anisakiasis: manifestaciones radiológicas

ObjectiveTo review the main findings for anisakiasis in the different imaging tests that can be used to diagnose it, based on studies done at our center.ConclusionThe presence of Anisakis species in food consumed in Western countries is becoming more common. Patients with anisakiasis present with acute abdomen; there are no specific clinical signs or laboratory findings. Careful history taking is key to discovering exposure to Anisakis-contaminated food, but this task is hindered by unfamiliarity with the condition and lack of suspicion and is also confounded by the variable latency period after ingestion of Anisakis-contaminated food. Give the nonspecific presentation, patients with anisakiasis often undergo imaging tests to rule out other processes. Thus, radiologists need to be familiar with the spectrum of imaging findings that should lead to the inclusion of anisakiasis in the differential diagnosis, so they can guide clinicians toward directed history taking and specific tests.