护理伦理观念下以人为本的护患关系的建立

剖析护患关系目前存在的护士对护理职业道德的认识不到位、沟通方式不恰当、沟通技巧缺乏等问题,从六个方面提高护士的沟通能力,即:通过学习护理伦理学提升护士职业道德、牢固树立“以人为本”护患关系、搭建信任的平台、善用沟通技巧与艺术体现个性化沟通、善于运用护患沟通的形式、预防护患双方的不良情绪对沟通的影响.     

Mother-father relationship,object relations and premature contractions

Mother-father relationship during pregnancy and its influence on obstetric complications, such as premature contractions, has been little investigated, but seems to be far more important than has been acknowledged so far. From a psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspective three case studies are used to illustrate the ongoing dynamics. First the fetus is identified with an object Of the past and/or the present. To ward off threatening object representations the pregnant woman needs a third person, the father. If he is unavailable for her she is in danger Of rejecting the child. Results are discussed also in relation to the medical support system.     

Neonatal Thrombocytopenia in Preeclamptic Women with Low Platelet Counts

Objective: To investigate the relationship between maternal thrombocytopenia in severe preeclampsia and neonatal platelet counts.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Obstetric and neonatal units, King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH), Durban, South Africa.

Subjects: Forty-five mothers with severe preeclampsia/hypertensive crises of pregnancy with platelet counts of <150 × 10⁹/L.

Results: Ten of 48 neonates (22.2%) had evidence of thrombocytopenia on umbilical cord blood. Cord blood platelet counts ranged from 38 to 145 × 10⁹/L. In 8 cases, the neonatal platelet counts recovered within 4 h to <150 × 10⁹/L. Four neonates had evidence of a disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Conclusion: This study confirms the association of neonatal thrombocytopenia to maternal thrombocytopenia in preeclamptic women. There is no correlation between maternal and neonatal platelet counts, but neonatal thrombocytopenia is generally mild to moderate and transient; and in the absence of coagulation abnormalities, morbidity is not apparent.     

情境利害和亲疏关系对大学生良心行为的影响

目的探索在不同的情境利害关系下,亲疏关系对大学生良心行为的影响。方法使用内隐联结测验(IAT)测量100名中国大学生的良心行为。在内隐联结测验(IAT)中,通过内隐测量方法讨论情境利害关系大小和亲疏关系大小两个因素对大学生良心行为的影响效果,用利害关系不同的情境故事材料作为实验启动条件,考察在不同情境下,个体对亲疏概念与积极属性/消极属性词的联系是否存在差异;随着亲缘关系的增加,情境因素是否会影响良心行为反应产生的可能性。结果相对于非亲属概念与积极属性,亲属概念与积极属性的联系更强,即表现出了亲疏关系的良心内隐效应,而且这种效应在利害关系小的情境启动下表现更突出(t1=387.4642,t2=262.9428),两种情境下的良心内隐效应值差异极其显著(t=5.594,P0.001),且效应值不存在性别差异(t=0.141,P=0.888)和专业差异(t=1.07,P=0.287)。结论情境利害和亲疏关系对大学生良心行为有影响。     

牙周病的发生机制和全身系统性疾病之间的关系分析

作为慢性细菌性感染性症状，牙周病有着很高的患病率，是引发成年人牙齿丧失的主要因素。在医学研究不断进步的形势下，许多研究均已证实牙周病既可以对口腔局部的牙周组织进行牵连，又密切关系着全身系统性疾病，国内外许多研究均证实牙周病和糖尿病、呼吸道感染、心脑血管以及早产低体重婴儿等症状有着相关性。基于此，本文先是对牙周病的发生机制进行了概述，又详细阐述了与近几年的研究成果相结合探究出的牙周病和全身性系统疾病之间存在的关系，并对牙周病会加重患者全身系统性疾病的危险因素进行了介绍，以求能够通过对牙周病的有效治疗，降低牙周病患者全身系统性疾病的发生率，以维护牙周病患者的身体健康，为牙周病患者的生命安全提供强有力的保障。     

急性心源性肺水肿临床疗效与X线胸片的相关性分析

目的研究急性心源性肺水肿治疗效果和X线胸片表现之间的关系,为临床评估疗效提供帮助。方法由2名有经验的放射科医师采用盲法回顾性分析48例急性心源性肺水肿患者治疗前后的X线胸片好转率,所得的数据做χ2检验,并用Kappa检验对2人评判的结果做一致性分析。结果医师甲、乙所得的结论均为:急性心源性肺水肿临床治疗后好转者,X线胸片好转率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲乙医师间阅片的一致性分析差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明甲乙2名医师对治疗前后X线表现好转与否的诊断结果有较好的一致性。讨论急性心源性肺水肿治疗过程中复查X线胸片,是评估临床疗效的一种有效的方法 。     

Interdependence of attachment styles and relationship quality in parent-adolescent dyads

The current study examined how attachment styles of parents and adolescents may jointly influence the quality of their relationship. Parent-adolescent (N_dyads = 77) pairs were recruited from a Midwestern town in the United States. The mean of adolescents' age was 16.25. Both members reported their attachment styles, relationship closeness, and relationship discord. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) showed that both members' attachment avoidance was associated with self-report lower levels of closeness. Parents' attachment anxiety was related to relationship discord. Parents with higher avoidant attachment reported lower closeness when adolescents were higher in avoidant attachment. Higher parents' anxious attachment was related to higher relationship closeness when adolescents were higher on anxious attachment. Such an association was negative when adolescents had lower anxious attachment. Higher parents’ anxious attachment was related to greater discord when adolescents were lower on anxiety attachment. This study reveals the complex dyadic dynamics of relationship quality in parent-adolescent pairs.     

心肌组织和血浆IGF—Ⅰ的相关性

本研究采用放射免疫分析法测定自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和正常血压的Witar—Kyoto大鼠(WKY)血浆和心肌组织中的IGF—Ⅰ水平,以心脏混重(HW)和心脏混生/体重(HW/BW)来判定心肌肥厚。结果显示:SHR的HW较WKY有显著升高(P<0.05),HW/BW则较WKY有高度显著升高(P<0.01)。两组大鼠心肌组织中IGF—Ⅰ与血浆中的IGE—Ⅰ显示正相关(WKY:r=0.8485,P<0.05;SHR:r=0.9529,P<0.005);试验结果提示不论心脏生理和病理情况下,心脏合成和分泌的IGF—Ⅰ对循环中的IGF—Ⅰ水平均有影响,而在心肌肥厚,心肌组织中的IGF—Ⅰ病理水平增高时,影响更为明显。