碘化钾制备的碘涂层钛板的抗菌性能研究

目的探讨利用碘化钾制备碘涂层钛板的可行性,并验证其抗菌性能。方法以碘化钾作为电解液,使用电泳沉积法将碘负载到钛板表面,制备出碘涂层钛板。通过扫描电镜与能谱分析,观察碘涂层钛板的表面征象和成分结构。实验分组:对照组是经过预处理但未行载碘的钛板,共10块;实验组是经过预处理后再行载碘的碘涂层钛板,根据电解液浓度的不同分为3组:1000 mg/L、2000 mg/L、4000 mg/L组,每组各10块。使用1×106 CFU/mL的金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)进行体外抗菌实验,并对其抗菌性能进行研究。结果碘涂层钛板外观呈灰色,表面可均匀覆盖一层平整、无塌陷的涂层,电镜下见其表面可形成碘涂层,局部散在分布大小不等的不规则陷凹。对照组、1000 mg/L组、2000 mg/L组、4000 mg/L组的钛板碘含量分别为0、5.10、10.32、15.05 mass%;其体外抗菌菌落计数分别为56.00±5.09、21.40±2.76、9.10±2.51和2.00±1.88,4组之间菌落计数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论碘化钾作为电解液,使用电泳沉积法可成功制备出碘含量稳定、涂层分布均匀的碘涂层钛板。体外抗菌实验证明碘涂层钛板的抗菌性能强于未载碘钛板。     

HMR1402, a potassium ATP channel blocker during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia: effects on hepato-splanchnic oxygen exchange and metabolism

Objective To assess the effects of the potassium ATP (KATP) channel blocker HMR1402 (HMR) on systemic and hepato-splanchnic hemodynamics, oxygen exchange and metabolism during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia.Design Prospective, randomized, controlled study with repeated measures.Setting Animal laboratory.Subjects Eighteen pigs allocated to receive endotoxin alone (control group, CON, n=10) or endotoxin and HMR (6 mg/kg h^–1, n=8).Interventions Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented pigs receiving continuous i.v. endotoxin were resuscitated with hetastarch to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) >60 mmHg. Twelve hours after starting the endotoxin infusion, they received HMR or its vehicle for another 12 h.Results HMR transiently increased MAP by about 15 mmHg, but this effect was only present during the first 1 h of infusion. The HMR decreased cardiac output due to a fall in heart rate, and thereby reduced liver blood flow. While liver O₂ delivery and uptake remained unchanged, HMR induced hyperlactatemia [from 1.5 (1.1; 2.0), 1.4 (1.2; 1.8), and 1.2 (0.8; 2.0) to 3.1 (1.4; 3.2), 3.2 (1.6; 6.5), and 3.0 (1.0; 5.5) mmol/l in the arterial, portal and hepatic venous samples, respectively] and further increased arterial [from 8 (3; 13) to 23 (11; 57); p<0.05], portal [from 9 (4; 14) to 23 (14; 39); p<0.05] and hepatic vein [from 7 (0; 15) to 30 (8; 174), p<0.05] lactate/pyruvate ratios indicating impaired cytosolic redox state.Conclusion The short-term beneficial hemodynamic effects of KATP channel blockers have to be weighted with the detrimental effect on mitochondrial respiration.P. Asfar and Z. Iványi equally contributed to this work     

剖宫产手术前后血清钾、醛固酮、皮质醇浓度的研究

目的　了解剖宫产手术患者围手术期血钾代谢的规律和特点。方法　选剖宫产患者 10 0例 ,分为补钾与未补钾组各 5 0例 ,妇科手术患者 5 0例 ,测定其术前、术毕和术后 2 4 h血清钾、血浆皮质醇和醛固酮浓度。结果　血钾 :剖宫产组与妇科组术后均低于术前 (P<0 .0 5 )。皮质醇 :剖宫产组术前明显高于妇科组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,术毕两组均较术前升高 ,但术后 2 4 h剖宫产组继续升高 ,而妇科组则有所下降。醛固酮 :剖宫产组术前明显高于妇科组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但术后逐渐下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,剖宫产补钾组术后肠鸣音恢复时间和肛门排气时间明显短于未补钾组。结论　剖宫产围手术期血钾浓度有明显下降趋势。     

悬浮红细胞储存时间对制备的洗涤红细胞钾离子和游离血红蛋白影响

[目的]探讨悬浮红细胞储存时间对制备的洗涤红细胞的钾离子(K+)浓度和游离血红蛋白(FHb)含量的影响.[方法]采用全自动离心制备法将储存0～7 d(0～7 d组,n=10)、8～15 d(8～15 d组,n=10)、16～23 d(16～23 d组,n=10),24～31 d(24～31 d组,n=9)的悬浮红细胞制备成洗涤红细胞,分别于制备前、制备后0、12、24 h取样测定其K+浓度和FHb含量,比较不同储存时间的洗涤红细胞的K+浓度和FHb含量.[结果]制备前,不同储存时间的悬浮红细胞的K+和FHb含量相比较差异均有显著性(P＜0.05),储存时间越长,K+和FHb含量越高.制备后24 h,0～7 d组、8～15 d组、16～23 d组、24～31 d组制备的洗涤红细胞的K+浓度分别为(3.23±0.52)、(3.31±0.87)、(2.98±0.63)和(3.21±0.86) mmol/L,均低于人体正常K+参考值上限.制备后12 h、24 h,各组FHb含量相比较差异均有显著性(P均＜0.05),储存时间越长,FHb含量越高.制备后24 h,四组FHb含量分别为(0.26±0.11)、(0.41±0.20)、(0.72±0.37)、(1.05±0.37)g/L,24～31 d组明显高于其他三组(P均＜0.05).[结论]悬浮红细胞的储存时间对制备的洗涤红细胞的K+浓度影响不大,在制备后24 h的保存期内K+浓度均低于人体正常参考值上限,但对FHb的影响较大,建议避免使用接近储存期末的悬浮红细胞进行洗涤红细胞的制备.     

腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨酸钾镁治疗小儿重度黄疸性肝炎疗效观察

目的：观察腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨钾镁治疗小儿重度黄疸性肝炎的疗效。方法将210例小儿重度黄疸性肝炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各105例。观察组采用腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨钾镁治疗,对照组采用异甘草酸镁治疗,比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组的总有效率为94.3％高于对照组的83.8％,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。治疗后观察组各临床症状改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。2组患者接受治疗后均无严重不良反应发生。结论腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨钾镁治疗小儿重度黄疸性肝炎能有效改善患者临床体征,疗效较好,不良反应少,值得临床推广。     

The two‐pore domain K2P channel TASK2 drives human NK‐cell proliferation and cytolytic function

Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize and kill tumor‐ and virus‐infected cells without prior stimulation. Killing of target cells is a multistep process including adhesion to target cells, formation of an immunological synapse, and polarization and release of cytolytic granules. The role of distinct potassium channels in this orchestrated process is still poorly understood. The current study reveals that in addition to the voltage‐gated K_V1.3 and the calcium‐activated K_Ca3.1 channels, human NK cells also express the two‐pore domain K₂P channel TASK2 (TWIK‐related acid‐sensitive potassium channel). Expression of Task2 varies among NK‐cell subsets and depends on their differentiation and activation state. Despite its different expression in TASK2^highCD56^brightCD16^? and TASK2^lowCD56^dimCD16⁺ NK cells, TASK2 is involved in cytokine‐induced proliferation and cytolytic function of both subsets. TASK2 is crucial for leukocyte functional antigen (LFA‐1) mediated adhesion of both resting and cytokine‐activated NK cells to target cells, an early step in killing of target cells. With regard to the following mechanism, TASK2 plays a role in release of cytotoxic granules by resting, but not IL‐15‐induced NK cells. Taken together, our data exhibit two‐pore potassium channels as important players in NK‐cell activation and effector function.     

The superoxide anion donor,potassium superoxide,induces pain and inflammation in mice through production of reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase-2

It is currently accepted that superoxide anion (O₂ ^•−) is an important mediator in pain and inflammation. The role of superoxide anion in pain and inflammation has been mainly determined indirectly by modulating its production and inactivation. Direct evidence using potassium superoxide (KO₂), a superoxide anion donor, demonstrated that it induced thermal hyperalgesia, as assessed by the Hargreaves method. However, it remains to be determined whether KO₂ is capable of inducing other inflammatory and nociceptive responses attributed to superoxide anion. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the nociceptive and inflammatory effects of KO₂. The KO₂-induced inflammatory responses evaluated in mice were: mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic version of von Frey filaments), thermal hyperalgesia (hot plate), edema (caliper rule), myeloperoxidase activity (colorimetric assay), overt pain-like behaviors (flinches, time spent licking and writhing score), leukocyte recruitment, oxidative stress, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression (quantitative PCR). Administration of KO₂ induced mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, paw edema, leukocyte recruitment, the writhing response, paw flinching, and paw licking in a dose-dependent manner. KO₂ also induced time-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in the paw skin. The nociceptive, inflammatory, and oxidative stress components of KO₂-induced responses were responsive to morphine (analgesic opioid), quercetin (antioxidant flavonoid), and/or celecoxib (anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) treatment. In conclusion, the well-established superoxide anion donor KO₂ is a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms and pharmacological susceptibilities of superoxide anion-triggered nociceptive and inflammatory responses ranging from mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia to overt pain-like behaviors, edema, and leukocyte recruitment.     

复方血栓通胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗高血压的疗效观察

目的 探讨复方血栓通胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗高血压的临床疗效。方法 选择2013年6月-2015年5月延安市人民医院收治的原发性高血压患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组给予常规药物对症治疗,并于早晨口服氯沙坦钾片,50 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组基础上加服复方血栓通胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。1个月为1个疗程,两组均连续治疗2个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组患者头痛、眩晕的改善情况。同时比较两组患者治疗前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左心室舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWT)的变化情况。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为75.0%、92.5%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组头痛、眩晕的总有效率分别为67.5%、87.5%,72.5%、90.0%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。治疗后,两组SBP、DBP、LVDd、IVST、LVPWT均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);治疗后,治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 复方血栓通胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗原发性高血压临床疗效显著,可控制患者血压水平及改善左心室肥大情况,具有一定的临床应用价值。