蒲地蓝消炎口服液联合注射用炎琥宁治疗小儿病毒性肺炎的临床研究

目的探讨蒲地蓝消炎口服液联合注射用炎琥宁治疗小儿病毒性肺炎的临床疗效。方法选择2015年2月—2017年2月襄阳市中心医院收治的110例小儿病毒性肺炎为研究对象,依据抽签法将110例患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各55例。对照组患儿静脉滴注注射用炎琥宁,10 mg/kg加入5%葡萄糖溶液250 m L中,1次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上口服蒲地蓝消炎口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组患儿均连续治疗10 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的临床症状改善情况、肺功能、血清炎症因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为74.55%、90.91%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患儿退热时间、咽痛消失时间、啰音消失时间、血象恢复时间、止咳时间均显著短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿最高呼气流速(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)和1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组患儿肺功能指标均显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平均显著低于对照组,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组患儿血清炎症因子水平均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论蒲地蓝消炎口服液联合注射用炎琥宁治疗小儿病毒性肺炎临床效果较好,能缓解患儿的临床症状,改善肺功能,降低炎症反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Dietary sodium and potassium and risk of diabetes: A prospective study using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

AimsDietary sodium and potassium intakes are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular outcomes. However, the associations between dietary sodium and potassium and diabetes are still controversial. Our study aimed to examine whether dietary sodium, potassium and the sodium–potassium ratio are associated with the risk of diabetes, based on a large sample of Chinese adults.MethodsThe study data were from the 2004–2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), and 5867 participants were eligible for analysis. Sodium and potassium intakes were estimated based on three consecutive 24-h recalls at an individual level combined with a food inventory at a household level performed over the same 3-day period. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (≥ 126 mg/dL), HbA_1c ≥ 6.5% or use of antidiabetic drugs.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, there were 611 (10.4%) incident cases of diabetes. Participants in the higher quartiles (Q3 and Q4) of sodium intake had significantly higher risks of diabetes than those with the lowest sodium intake [Q3, RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06–1.86 and Q4, RR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02–1.80; P < 0.001 for trend]. In addition, high sodium intakes were significantly associated with levels of fasting glucose and HbA_1c (P < 0.05 for trend), with similar associations also found with sodium–potassium ratios (P < 0.05 for trend), but not for potassium intakes.ConclusionThis study found that higher sodium intakes and sodium–potassium ratios were significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Further clinical research is now necessary to confirm these results.     

HPLC测定饮料中安赛蜜的不确定度评定

目的对HPLC法测定饮料中安赛蜜含量的不确定度进行评定。方法分析测量过程中影响不确定度的因素,进行评估和合成。结果饮料中安赛蜜的测量不确定度为0.036g/kg。结论此评定方法可以作为HPLC法检测中不确定度评定的参考。     

大黄素对豚鼠结肠收缩性的影响及其机制的研究

目的研究大黄素对豚鼠离体远端结肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响及其可能机制。方法急性分离豚鼠远端结肠平滑肌,采用生理记录仪记录不同浓度大黄素对远端结肠收缩的影响;木瓜蛋白酶消化分离豚鼠近端结肠平滑肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录钾电流。结果不同浓度的大黄素（1～50μmol.L-1）对豚鼠远端结肠具有双向调节作用,且其效应呈剂量依赖的趋势1～10μmol.L-1大黄素可浓度依赖性地增强豚鼠远端结肠平滑肌的收缩10μmol.L-1浓度时,大黄素的作用达到平台期。当大黄素的浓度大于10μmol.L-1时,逐渐呈现明显的抑制作用,且其抑制作用与浓度正相关10μmol.L-1硝苯地平孵育肌条后,大黄素不能增强肌条的收缩。大黄素（1～30μmol.L-1）浓度依赖性地抑制豚鼠近端结肠平滑肌细胞钾电流。结论大黄素增强豚鼠结肠的收缩作用可能与L-型钙通道及钾通道有关。     

Are ion channels potential therapeutic targets for Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is primarily associated with the progressive neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. The resulting motor symptoms are managed with the help of dopamine replacement therapies. However, these therapeutics do not prevent the neurodegeneration underlying the disease and therefore lose their effectiveness in managing disease symptoms over time. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop newer therapeutics for the benefit of patients. The release of dopamine and the firing activity of substantia nigra neurons is regulated by several ion channels that act in concert. Dysregulations of these channels cause the aberrant movement of various ions in the intracellular milieu. This eventually leads to disruption of intracellular signalling cascades, alterations in cellular homeostasis, and bioenergetic deficits. Therefore, ion channels play a central role in driving the high vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to degenerate during PD. Targeting ion channels offers an attractive mechanistic strategy to combat the process of neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight the evidence pointing to the role of various ion channels in driving the PD processes. In addition, we also discuss the various drugs or compounds that target the ion channels and have shown neuroprotective potential in the in-vitro and in-vivo models of PD. We also discuss the current clinical status of various drugs targeting the ion channels in the context of PD.     

含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏抗牙本质敏感的临床研究

目的：评价含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏减轻牙本质敏感症状的效果。方法：试验遵照随机、双盲、对照试验原则,将65名受试者随机分成试验组（含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏）和对照组（普通含氟牙膏）,两组受试者每天刷牙2次共4周。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）记,牙敏感症状。数据采用非参数检验进行统计分析。结果：与基线相比,使用牙膏4周后,试验组牙本质敏感VAS记分显著降低（P〈0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组4周后的牙本质敏感VAS记分明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。83.9%的受试者认为使用该牙膏能缓解牙本质敏感症状;77.4%的受试者愿意继续使用该牙膏脱敏。结论：含5.53%柠檬酸钾牙膏具有显著的抗牙本质敏感效果。     

氯沙坦调节瞬间外向钾电流的分子学研究

目的 观察氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心室肌细胞编码瞬间外向钾电流(Ito)关键钾通道α亚基(Kv4.2、Kv4.3)、β亚基(KChIP2)mRNA和蛋白水平变化的影响,探讨氯沙坦抗室性心律失常效应的分子基础.方法 SHR随机分成2组:氯沙坦组(10 mg·d-1·kg-1灌胃)和SHR对照组各12只大鼠.鼠龄、体质量匹配的WKY大鼠12只为WKY对照组.用药8周后采用膜片钳技术记录左心室心肌细胞动作电位、Ito,并采用反转录聚合酶链反应及免疫印迹反应(Western blot)方法测定Kv4.2、Kv4.3、KChIP2 mRNA及蛋白水平.结果 氯沙坦组左心室细胞的动作电位复极至50%及90%时程分别为(16.82±3.79)ms和(68.49±13.25)ms,短于SHR对照组的(24.56±4.59)ms和(73.26±15.47)ms,二者差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01).氯沙坦组的Ito电流密度高于SHR对照组(从+40 mV到+70 mV,均P<0.01).氯沙坦组Kv4.2、Kv4.3 mRNA及蛋白水平高于SHR对照组(均P<0.01).氯沙坦组KChIP2 mRNA及蛋白水平低于SHR对照组(均P<0.01).结论 氯沙坦慢性阻滞血管紧张素受体,逆转SHR左心室的电重构,缩短单个心肌细胞动作电位时程,增加Ito电流密度,这与Kv4.2、Kv4.3表达增加及KChIP2表达降低相关.     

七氟醚预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马TREK-1表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马机械敏感性钾通道TREK-1表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠36只,体重240～280 g,随机分为3组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、局灶性脑缺血再灌注组(l/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(Sevo组).结扎右侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉,采用线栓法阻断颈内动脉2 h,再灌注24 h制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型;Sevo组于缺血前1 h经半密闭的吸入箱持续吸入含2.5%七氟醚的02;S组仅分离并结扎右侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉,不置入线栓.各组于再灌注24 h时行神经功能缺陷评分后断头取脑,TIC染色后测定脑梗死体积,采用RT-PCR法测定海马TREK-1 mRNA的表达.结果 与S组相比,I/R组和Sevo组神经功能缺陷评分和脑梗死体积比升高(P<0.01);与I/R组相比,Sevo组神经功能缺陷评分和脑梗死体积比降低,海马TREK-1 mRNA表达上调(P<0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理可通过激活海马TREK-1减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤.     

乌头碱对表达在卵母细胞上的hKv1.5通道的阻断作用

目的观察乌头碱对表达在卵母细胞上的hKv1.5电流的影响。方法 hKv1.5通道表达在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞上,利用双电极电压钳技术测量其电流。结果①hKv1.5通道可以稳定表达在卵母细胞上;②乌头碱以浓度和电压依赖性方式阻断表达在卵母细胞上的hKv1.5通道,阻断的IC50值是0.796±0.123μmol/L,其Hill系数为0.280±0.020;③乌头碱对hKv1.5电流的阻断呈时间和频率依赖性。结论乌头碱对hKv1.5电流呈浓度、电压和时间依赖性阻断,提示乌头碱可能是一种开放型钾通道阻断剂,它对开放状态和失活状态下的hKv1.5通道均具有阻断作用。     

钾通道在D型钠尿肽抑制胃动力中的作用

目的:探讨钾通道在D型钠尿肽抑制豚鼠胃窦环形肌自发性收缩活动中的作用.方法:采用四道生理记录仪记录豚鼠胃窦环形肌自发性收缩活动;应用放射免疫法测定豚鼠胃窦环形肌组织和灌流液中环-磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)含量;运用全细胞模式的膜片钳技术记录豚鼠胃窦环形肌上钙敏感钾电流和延迟整流型钾电流.结果:DNP抑制豚鼠胃窦环形肌自发性收缩活动并呈现剂量依赖性.1、10、100及1000nmol/L的DNP抑制自发性收缩幅度分别为35%±6%、54%±6%、78%±13%及94%±6%.10 nmol/L鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂LY83583使收缩幅度抑制减弱(42%±6%vs60%±4%.P<0.05);而用100 nm01/L的cGMP依赖的磷酸脂酶抑制剂zaparinast使DNP对胃窦环行肌自发性收缩的抑制效应增强(72%±7%vs58%±5%,P<0.05).DNP明显增加豚鼠胃窦环形肌组织和灌流液中的cGMP水平.10 nmol/LDNP增加豚鼠胃窦环形肌上钙敏感钾电流,在60mV时增加的幅值为62.31%±3.22%,抑制延迟整流型钾电流,在60 mV时抑制幅度为18%±2.3%.结论:DNP通过增加I<,K(ca)>和cGMP途径实现对豚鼠胃窦环形肌的舒张作用.I<,K(v)>不参与此过程,但在维持豚鼠胃窦环形肌细胞的静息膜电位中起重要作用.