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从3000例国际海员疾病发生率原因着手,结合国际海员群体工作游动性和成员多国性的特点,从社会医学和心理医学角度,分析国际海员健康工作中存在的问题,并对如何实现国第员“人人享有卫生保健”提出初步见解。国际海员群体的特殊性及他们的健康问题值得中国及国际航海医学界和社会医学界的关注。 相似文献
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世界中医药学会联合会(简称:世界中联)是少数几个总部设在中国并由中国政府支持建立的国际学术组织。世界中联通过组织中医药国际考试,将我国成熟的标准,通过一定的程序转化为国际标准,并以标准规范国际中医药从业人员和从业机构是其重要任务之一。本文回顾了中医药国际考试历程,详细阐述了考试的定位与目标,考试标准体系的设计原则与框架,考试的管理体制, 以及相关考试资格审查与认定等。 相似文献
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乡镇卫生院能否以及多大程度上得到发展,直接关系整个农村卫生改革与发展的成效.湖南各地为摆脱农村乡镇卫生院目前的困境,在探索以两权分离为核心的改革中,逐渐形成了三种模式,即以租股合制为特征的宜章、桂阳模式;以承包制 监事会制为特征的沅陵模式;以股份合作制为特征的石门模式.理顺了管理体制,激活了运行机制,取得了明显的社会经济效益.三种模式既有区别又有共同性,在我国卫生院产权改革中有较为广泛的适应性. 相似文献
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Impacts of Informal Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries 下载免费PDF全文
Byung-Kwang Yoo Jay Bhattacharya Kathryn M. McDonald Alan M. Garber 《Health services research》2004,39(6P2):1971-1992
Objective. To quantify the effects of informal caregiver availability and public funding on formal long-term care (LTC) expenditures in developed countries.
Data Source/Study Setting. Secondary data were acquired for 15 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1970 to 2000.
Study Design. Secondary data analysis, applying fixed- and random-effects models to time-series cross-sectional data. Outcome variables are inpatient or home heath LTC expenditures. Key explanatory variables are measures of the availability of informal caregivers, generosity in public funding for formal LTC, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population.
Data Collection/Extraction Method. Aggregated macro data were obtained from OECD Health Data, United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, and U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base.
Principal Findings. Most of the 15 OECD countries experienced growth in LTC expenditures over the study period. The availability of a spouse caregiver, measured by male-to-female ratio among the elderly, is associated with a $28,840 (1995 U.S. dollars) annual reduction in formal LTC expenditure per additional elderly male. Availability of an adult child caregiver, measured by female labor force participation and full-time/part-time status shift, is associated with a reduction of $310 to $3,830 in LTC expenditures. These impacts on LTC expenditure vary across countries and across time within a country.
Conclusions. The availability of an informal caregiver, particularly a spouse caregiver, is among the most important factors explaining variation in LTC expenditure growth. Long-term care policies should take into account behavioral responses: decreased public funding in LTC may lead working women to leave the labor force to provide more informal care. 相似文献
Data Source/Study Setting. Secondary data were acquired for 15 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1970 to 2000.
Study Design. Secondary data analysis, applying fixed- and random-effects models to time-series cross-sectional data. Outcome variables are inpatient or home heath LTC expenditures. Key explanatory variables are measures of the availability of informal caregivers, generosity in public funding for formal LTC, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population.
Data Collection/Extraction Method. Aggregated macro data were obtained from OECD Health Data, United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, and U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base.
Principal Findings. Most of the 15 OECD countries experienced growth in LTC expenditures over the study period. The availability of a spouse caregiver, measured by male-to-female ratio among the elderly, is associated with a $28,840 (1995 U.S. dollars) annual reduction in formal LTC expenditure per additional elderly male. Availability of an adult child caregiver, measured by female labor force participation and full-time/part-time status shift, is associated with a reduction of $310 to $3,830 in LTC expenditures. These impacts on LTC expenditure vary across countries and across time within a country.
Conclusions. The availability of an informal caregiver, particularly a spouse caregiver, is among the most important factors explaining variation in LTC expenditure growth. Long-term care policies should take into account behavioral responses: decreased public funding in LTC may lead working women to leave the labor force to provide more informal care. 相似文献
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Susan Niemantsverdriet Gerard D Majoor Cees P M van der Vleuten & Albert J J A Scherpbier 《Medical education》2004,38(7):749-757
OBJECTIVE: To explore learning outcomes from international traineeships for undergraduate medical students. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 undergraduate medical students at Maastricht University Medical School, The Netherlands. The 24 subjects were selected by purposeful sampling. RESULTS: Students reported meaningful learning outcomes in 6 domains: medical knowledge; skills; international health care organisation; international medical education; society and culture, and personal growth. DISCUSSION: International traineeships appear to provide good opportunities for students to meet the requirements of globalisation as well as some of the generic objectives of undergraduate medical education. The tentative findings of this study need to be confirmed by further studies. 相似文献
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湖北省新型农村合作医疗试点县农民疾病经济风险分析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
通过对疾病家庭的疾病经济风险、特定人群疾病经济风险、超过致贫线住院家庭相对疾病经济风险的分析显示:低收入农民疾病经济风险是高收入家庭的3.09倍;大部分家庭都处于低疾病经济风险中,但15、09%的家庭疾病经济风险较高;县和县级以上医院住院家庭疾病经济风险分别是乡镇卫生院住院家庭的2、40倍和6、20倍。提出:在新型农村合作医疗方案设计中需考虑低收入家庭疾病经济风险分担、合理引导卫生服务利用、保障力度和受益面的矛盾等问题。 相似文献
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新型农村合作医疗基金分配与使用模式选择 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
各地新型农村合作医疗基金的分配与使用方案是筹资与补偿的中间环节,它关系到资金的安全管理,制约着对需方的补偿,是对新型农村合作医疗制度的运行进展、存在问题和对策进行研究必须要掌握的问题。将当前我国新型农村合作医疗制度各试点地区的基金分配与使用情况大致划分为5种模式:(1)大病统筹基金;(2)大病统筹基金 家庭账户(门诊)基金;(3)大病统筹基金 家庭(门诊)账户基金 大病基金;(4)大病统筹基金 家庭账户(门诊)基金 防保基金;(5)大病统筹基金 家庭账户(门诊)基金 防保基金 大病基金。最后,结合新型农村合作医疗制度本身运行特点、试点地区的经济发展状况和农民的经济收入能力等现实状况讨论了各种模式的使用和选择空间,以期为新型农村合作医疗制度试点及今后的推广工作有所裨益。 相似文献