新疆汉族和维吾尔族胆汁中结合胆汁酸含量与胆固醇类结石形成关系的探讨

作者用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）对３３例汉族和维吾尔族胆固醇结石患者和２２例正常人胆汁的８种结合胆汁酸进行了测定，旨在探讨汉族、维吾尔族两民族间胆汁酸含量及构成的差异，揭示胆汁酸与胆固醇结石形成的关系。结果表明：（１）汉族和维吾尔族正常人胆囊胆汁总胆酸分别为１１２．４３ｍｇ／ｍｌ和９４．２７ｍｇ／ｍｌ，明显高于瑞典正常人，与国内资料相同，两民族间差别不明显。（２）两民族正常人胆囊胆汁各种结合胆汁酸含量、构成比和比值间存在差别。汉族鸽脱氧胆酸（ＣＤＣＡ）含量明显高于维吾尔族，脱氧胆酸（ＤＣＡ）含量明显低于维吾尔族。我们认为造成差别的原因可能是两民族膳食成分不同，提示维吾尔族正常人可能较汉族正常人易发生结石。（３）胆石患者胆囊胆汁总胆汁酸低于正常组，胆汁酸构成比在两组间无明显差别，说明结石患者胆汁酸组分为均衡减少。胆汁酸含量减少，使对胆固醇的溶解能力下降，易形成结石。     

剑花中所含中性洗涤剂纤维对大鼠血清胆固醇的影响

采用动物喂养试验，观察了剑花中所含中性洗涤剂纤维（ＮＤＦ）对大鼠血清胆固醇的影响。结果表明，高脂纤维组大鼠ＴＣ（５８．７１±７．５）明显低于高脂对照组（８１．２６±１８．７７，Ｐ＜０．０１）；两组ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ（０．４１９０±０．０８８６和０．４８７７±０．０９２６）比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）．提示剑花中ＮＤＦ有效地降低血清总胆固醇，剑花ＮＤＦ对大鼠摄食量及体重的变化无影响。     

Streptomyces: a superior source for cholesterol oxidase used in serum cholesterol assay.

The present study compared three cholesterol oxidase sources (Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Pseudomonas sps.) for serum cholesterol assay. We found cholesterol oxidase isolated from Streptomyces was superior than those isolated from Nocardia and Pseudomonas sps. Performances of the reagent contained Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase was excellent and comparable to the performances obtained from reagent contained Nocardia cholesterol oxidase. Moreover, the reagent containing Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase had the lowest cost and had the longest shelf-life ($U.S. 0.17/mL, 10 weeks) compared to the reagent contained Nocardia ($U.S. 0.50/mL, 8 weeks) or Pseudomonas ($U.S. 0.20/mL, 6 weeks) cholesterol oxidase.     

纤维素、果胶、琼脂对大鼠血脂水平的影响

本文观察了纤维素、果胶、琼脂对高胆固醇膳大鼠血脂水平的影响,发现果胶和纤维素组自实验开始后2周末、琼脂组于6周末有明显降低血清总胆固醇作用.血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其亚组分在各组间无显著差异,但纤维素组和果胶组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与血清总胆固醇比值明显高于对照组.     

Gallstone characteristics in mexican americans and non-hispanic whites

Mexican Americans have an elevated risk of gallstones. Their increased rates may be due to genetic admixture with Native Americans, who have extremely high prevalences of cholelithiasis. Native Americans are believed to have almost exclusively cholesterol stones, whereas only 73% of non-Hispanics are reported to have such stones. Hence we hypothesized that Mexican Americans would have a higher proportion of cholesterol stones than would non-Hispanic whites. We interviewed 398 Mexican Americans and 93 non-Hispanic whites undergoing cholecystectomy and analyzed the composition of their gallstones. Mexican Americans were younger than non-Hispanic whites (P<0.05). However, the age-sex standardized proportion of cholesterol stones was 89.7% in Mexican Americans and 87.2% in non-Hispanic whites. We conclude that Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites have gallstones of similar composition. The higher stone prevalence of Mexican Americans may be due to factors that predispose to both cholesterol and pigment stones.     

格列齐特治疗非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病的疗效

本文对国产和进口格列齐特各治疗８１和７６例非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病进行为期３－４ｍｏ的疗效对比。结果：２组的空腹和餐后血糖、ＨｂＡ１及血清三酰甘油（甘油三酯）明显降低，但空腹和餐后血清胰岛素和血清胆固醇没有明显变化。国产格列齐特的有效剂量明显低于进口格列齐特（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文证明两者的疗效没有明显差别。     

脑卒中患者急性期血脂水平与病情严重程度的关系

目的探讨脑卒中患者急性期血脂水平与病情严重程度的关系。方法采用前瞻性队列研究的方法,检测2002年12月~2004年8月所有入院时病程<24h的脑卒中患者548例(其中出血性卒中214例,缺血性卒中334例)的血脂水平;采用斯堪的纳维亚卒中评分(SSS)量表评价患者入院时神经功能缺损程度;比较不同卒中类型患者的血脂水平及其与病情严重程度的关系。结果出血性卒中患者入院时血清胆固醇(TC)为(4.30±1.16)mmol/L,三酰甘油(TG)为(1.37±0.72)mmol/L,明显低于缺血性卒中患者TC和TG水平[(4.90±1.15)mmol/L,(1.52±0.94)mmol/L](均P<0.001);入院时TC<6.0mmol/L的患者443例,TG<2.0mmol/L的患者356例,SSS分别为(32.76±18.63)分和(29.21±18.25)分,明显低于TC>6.0mmol/L和TG>2.0mmol/L患者的SSS[(44.83±14.13)分和(45.95±13.21)分](均P<0.001)。结论出血性卒中患者急性期血清TC和TG水平明显低于缺血性卒中患者;急性期血脂水平较低的脑卒中患者病情较严重。     

Relationships of dietary zinc/copper ratios to plasma cholesterol and liver trace mineral deposition in young rats fed saturated and unsaturated fats

The effects of copper and zinc supplements on weight gains, plasma total and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and liver trace mineral levels were studied in young rats fed either coconut oil or corn oil. Dietary factors included 1.5 ppm and 6 ppm copper, 7.5 ppm and 30 ppm zinc, and the two fat sources. Weight gains and levels of total and HDL-cholesterol were higher in rats fed corn oil than in rats fed coconut oil. Increases in dietary zinc were associated with increases in total and HDL-cholesterol levels in rats fed corn oil, while increases in copper supplements were associated with decreases in total and HDL-cholesterol levels in rats fed either fat source. Supplements of 30 ppm zinc resulted in decreases in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios in rats fed coconut oil but had no apparent effect on these ratios in rats fed corn oil. Thus, zinc may be a more important factor than copper in the reduction of this ratio, particularly if saturated fatty acids predominate in the diet. Increases in dietary copper were associated with increases in liver copper levels of rats fed either fat source. Increases in either dietary copper or zinc resulted in decreases in liver iron deposition in rats fed both fat sources. Results of this study indicate that a dietary zinc/copper ratio of 5 may be required for optimum growth of young rats.     

Recent advances in the biology of n-6 fatty acids

The intensive research carried out in the last 10 years on the unique biological functions of n-3 fatty acids (FA), has promoted comparative investigations on various aspects (metabolic, functional) of the biology of n-6 FA. The involvement of peroxisomes in fatty acid metabolism, initially described for the n-3 acids, has now been shown also for the n-6 FA (formation of 22 carbon Δ4 unsaturated FA, formation of newly identified products of β-oxidation of arachidonic acid, AA). Additional pathways of AA conversion, beyond the classical eicosanoids, give rise to a series of biologically active products, such as the epoxides, involved in the modulation of vascular functions, through the cytochrome p450 system, and to the AA-ethanolamide, anandamide, and endogenous ligand of the cannabinoid receptors, through a phospholipase-mediated process. Finally, nonenzymatic oxidation products of AA, the isoprostanes, isomers of prostaglandins, also endowed of potent biological activities, are generated both in in vitro-induced lipid oxidation and in vivo, being considered as reliable markers of in vivo oxidative stress. As to the nutritional aspects of the n-6 FA, attention is now paid to the intake of performed long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the n-6 series, mainly AA, through the diet, in analogy with the intake of the long-chain n-3 FA, in fish-eating populations. The importance of the dietary intake of performed AA is now recognized in newborns, through maternal milk. The ranges of the intakes of AA in population groups, not currently adequately estimated, appear to be wider than generally assumed, and the elevated intakes in some population groups, in the order of several hundred milligrams per day, may be partly responsible of yet unexplored population-baed differences in physiologic variables. Recent research on the functional effects of n-6 FA has confirmed their lipid-lowering effects, which can be observed also in neonates, and has shown that, in cooperation with the n-3, they directly and indirectly contribute to modulate functional parameters at the cellular level, such as receptor function, ion channels, and gene expression. From a nutritional point of view, it is clear that PUFA represent the biologically most active component of dietary fat, and the n-6 are quantitatively the most relevant fraction in our diet. In the light of the diversified activities of n-6 and n-3 PUFA, a correct balance between the various fatty acids is recommended.     

Simple and Rapid Thin-layer Chromatography Method for Quantitative Measurement of Free Cholesterol in Serum

ABSTRACT A quantitative method for the assay of free cholesterol has been described in this paper. The experimental conditions for the determination of cholesterol in serum by Thin-layer chromatography were disscused. The solvent System was petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (8o:20:1) and the spra-ying reagent was a solution of sulphuric acid and vanillin. Under the selected con-ditions, the peak area was linearly related to the cholesterol amount for the range between 80～700 ng per spot. The intraplate and interplate coefficients were 2.4% and 7.4% respectively. The recovery of cholesterol was 101.6%. The method presented was simple, rapid and accurate. The results of experi-mental investigation and clinical application were satisfactory.