Lateral augmentation of the sinus floor followed by regular implants versus short implants in the vertically deficient posterior maxilla: a systematic review and timewise meta-analysis of randomized studies

The aim of this study was to perform a timewise meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the outcomes of short implants (≤6 mm) versus lateral sinus floor augmentation followed by regular implants (≥10 mm) in the deficient posterior maxilla. Eleven RCTs with 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up were reported in 21 articles. There was no significant difference in the implant loss rate at the patient level after 1 and 3 years between the two groups (risk ratio 0.50, P = 0.17; risk ratio 1.71, P = 0.51). After 5 years, the risk ratio was in favour of regular implants with augmentation and approached significance (3.28, P = 0.06). Excluding the results of two studies on ultrashort implants, the risk ratio for complications was in favour of short implants, but without significance (0.33, P = 0.08). Mean marginal bone loss was significantly lower at 1, 3, and 5 years for the short implants when compared to regular implants with augmentation. The residual osseointegration length of implants was between 3.4 mm and 5.9 mm in the short implants group and between 10.1 mm and 12.5 mm in the regular implants group after 5 years. In conclusion, short implants in the atrophic posterior maxilla demonstrate comparable outcomes to regular implants within the first 5 years. Patients who are fit for surgery should be informed about the risks and benefits of both options.     

Associations of hematological and biochemical markers with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in stroke-free populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Background and aimsIntracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. We aimed to synthesize relevant evidence on the associations of hematological and biochemical markers with ICAS in stroke-free populations.Methods and resultsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles reporting associations of hematological and biochemical markers with ICAS presence in stroke-free populations. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each biomarker were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models. Among 32 studies included in the systematic review, 23 studies (48,326 subjects) with 22 biomarkers were meta-analyzed. Compared with subjects without ICAS, those with ICAS had significantly higher white blood cell (4118 subjects, WMD 0.28 per 10⁹/L, 95% CI 0.01–0.56), neutrophil (4326 subjects, WMD 0.24 per 10⁹/L, 0.10–0.38), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (4326 subjects, WMD 0.16, 0.07–0.26), low-density lipoprotein (28,606 subjects, WMD 0.12 mmol/L, 0.05–0.19), non-high-density lipoprotein (3671 subjects, WMD 0.17 mmol/L, 0.08–0.25), C-reactive protein (CRP; 5355 subjects, WMD 0.06 mg/dL, 0.04–0.07), high-sensitivity CRP (9383 subjects, WMD 0.07 mg/dL, 0.01–0.13), uric acid (5966 subjects, WMD 17.91 μmol/L, 11.16–24.66), creatinine (5731 subjects, WMD 4.03 μmol/L, 0.77–7.29), and homocysteine (7053 subjects, WMD 2.25 μmol/L, 1.02–3.48), but lower lymphocyte (4326 subjects, WMD ?0.12 per 10⁹/L, ?0.19–?0.04). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results.ConclusionsSeveral hematological and biochemical markers easily accessible were associated with ICAS presence in stroke-free populations. This can facilitate early identification of subjects at a high risk of ICAS, who may benefit from ICAS screening and prevention.Prospero registration numberCRD42021247990.     

Dietary cholesterol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Background and aimThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the dose–response relationship between dietary cholesterol (DC) consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods and resultsProspective studies with the endpoint of T2DM were included. The Random-effect model weighted by inverse variance was used. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity by specified study characteristics. Restricted cubic splines regression models were used to estimate the dose–response relationship. 11 prospective studies comprising of 355 230 subjects were included. Compared to lowest DC consumption, highest DC consumption was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, P = 0.012; chi-squared = 31.41, I-squared 58.6%, P _{heterogeneity} = 0.003). Subgroup analyses have shown that this positive association was more evident in western countries than in eastern countries (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.36 VS 1.34, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.29; P _{subgroup difference} = 0.02). For 100 mg/d increment in DC intake, the pooled RR was 1.05, (95% CI 1.04 to 1.07, P_linearity = 0.000, P_nonlinearity = 0.02), 1.06 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.07, P_linearity=0.000), and 1.01 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.05, P_linearity = 0.525) for the incidence of T2DM, in western and eastern countries, respectively.ConclusionsOur study suggests that there is a positive dose–response association between DC consumption and the incidence of T2DM, especially in western countries.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020216318.     

Green tea consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Background and aimsConflicting evidence exists regarding the association between green tea consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether an association exists between them in cohort studies.Methods and resultsWe searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies conducted until September 2022. Prospective cohort studies that provided relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association were included. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using a random-effects model. A total of seven studies, with 9211 CHD cases among 772,922 participants, were included. We observed a nonlinear association between green tea consumption and the risk of CHD (P for nonlinearity = 0.0009). Compared with nonconsumers, the RRs (95% CI) of CHD across levels of green tea consumption were 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) for 1 cup/day (1 cup = 300 ml), 0.84 (0.77, 0.93) for 2 cups/day, 0.85 (0.77, 0.92) for 3 cups/day, 0.88 (0.81, 0.96) for 4 cups/day, and 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) for 5 cups/day.ConclusionsThis updated meta-analysis of studies from East Asia suggests that green tea consumption may be associated with a reduced risk of CHD, especially among those with low-to-moderate consumption. Additional cohorts are still needed before we could draw a definitive conclusion.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42022357687.     

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗临床感染的有效性和安全性：系统综述和荟萃分析

摘要: 目的 系统评价注射用头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠(商品名：舒普深)在中国治疗临床感染的有效性和安全性。 方法 系 统检索万方、中国知网、维普、SinoMed、PubMed和Cochrane Library数据库,收集1978年至2019年7月4日公开发表的关于头孢 哌酮/舒巴坦在中国治疗临床感染方面的文献,按照纳入排除标准进行筛选,使用Stata 15.0和SAS 9.4软件进行荟萃(Meta)分析。 主要结局指标包括临床有效率与痊愈率,次要结局指标包括细菌清除率(株)与不良事件发生率。 结果 最终纳入110篇文献,其 中有82篇、87篇分别纳入有效率和痊愈率的Meta分析。结果显示,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗临床感染的总有效率为80.3% [95%置信 区间(CI): 77.4%~83.0%],痊愈率为50.1% (95%CI: 45.1%~55.1%)。共38项研究报告了细菌清除率,结果显示细菌清除率为81.1% (95%CI: 76.9%~84.9%)。62篇文献报告治疗中发生的不良事件例数,合计不良事件的发生率为7.4% (95%CI: 6.1%~8.9%),包括 血液系统不良事件、胃肠道不良事件、肝肾功能损害及皮肤不良事件等。与其他对照药物相比,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗临床感染 的有效性和安全性良好。 结论 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的临床应用效果较为可观,对治疗临床感染具有较高的价值,安全性好。但 临床应注意合理用药,加强对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的不良事件监测,减少不良事件。     

SARS-CoV-2及其他β-冠状病毒相关呼吸系统疾病治疗措施的安全性系统评价与Meta分析

目的评估指南推荐疗法治疗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)和其他β冠状病毒相关呼吸道疾病的安全性。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane library、SinoMed、中国知网、万方数据库2003—2020年6月公开发表的关于β-冠状病毒治疗措施的随机对照试验(RCT)、类试验和队列研究。双人独立筛选文献、提取资料,并对符合入选标准的文献采用Cochrane偏倚评价工具进行质量评价后,使用Stata 14.0版软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入59项研究,共计9598例。其中49项研究关于SARS-CoV-2,包括27项RCT,19项队列和3项类试验,9项研究关于SARS-CoV,1项队列关于中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)。所有研究中显著性结果如下:在SARS-CoV-2患者中,两项关于洛匹那韦/利托那韦的队列和一项关于大剂量羟氯喹或氯喹的RCT比标准治疗有更多的整体不良反应事件发生[RR=2.68,95%CI(1.48,4.85),I²=34.3%,采用建议分级评估、开发和评价准则(GRADE)评级为:低;RR=3.43,95%CI(1.55,7.58),GRADE评级:中]。而在一项RCT和一项非随机对照试验中,应用洛匹那韦/利托那韦和皮质类固醇激素相比标准治疗发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发生率更低[RR=0.46,95%CI(0.25,0.86),GRADE评级:低;RR=0.65,95%CI(0.44,0.98),GRADE评级:极低]。两项应用瑞德昔韦治疗10 d的RCT[RR=0.94,95%CI(0.80,1.11),I²=28.8%,GRADE评级:中]和11项应用中药治疗的RCT[RR=0.77,95%CI(0.53,1.10),I²=0.0%,GRADE评级:低]的安全性与标准治疗相比差异无统计学意义。在SARS-CoV患者中,6项应用中药治疗的RCT相比标准治疗的总体不良反应发生率更低[RR=0.38,95%CI(0.21,0.71),I²=0.0%,GRADE评级:低]。结论洛匹那韦/利托那韦和大剂量羟基氯喹或氯喹治疗SARS-CoV-2的总体不良反应发生率更高,而瑞德西韦和中药相对安全。     

不同起始时间使用咖啡因对极低出生体质量早产儿呼吸暂停防治作用的系统评价

目的：探讨不同起始时间使用咖啡因防治极低出生体质量早产儿呼吸暂停的疗效和安全性。方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方数据、生物医学文献（CBM）及维普等数据库,收集各数据库从建库至2020年6月有关极低出生体质量早产儿早期应用咖啡因防治呼吸暂停的病例对照研究,并采用Cochrane系统评价手册5.1.0和Newcastle-Ottawa量表（NOS）对不同类型研究进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3进行系统评价。结果：10项文献中,包括5项随机临床对照研究（RCT）和5项回顾性队列研究,文献质量评价结果显示,5项RCT质量等级为B级,5项回顾性队列研究NOS评分为7～9分。共2 665例患儿,其中早期用药组1 515例,晚期用药1 150例。Meta分析结果显示,早期用药组呼吸暂停（AOP）发生率（RR=0.48,95%CI 0.38～0.60,P<0.01）、吸氧时间（SMD=－0.97,95%CI －1.13～－0.80,P<0.01）、机械通气时间（SMD=－0.82,95%CI －1.06～－0.58,P<0.01）、咖啡因用药时间（SMD=－0.42,95%CI －0.56～－0.28,P<0.01）、支气管肺发育不良（BPD）发生率（RR=0.50,95%CI 0.41～0.60,P<0.01）、动脉导管未封闭（PDA）发生率（RR=0.56,95%CI 0.44～0.70,P<0.01）、早产儿视网膜病（ROP）发生率（RR=0.59,95%CI 0.47～0.74,P<0.01）、脑室内出血（IVH）发生率（RR=0.66,95%CI 0.54～0.81,P<0.01）和坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）发生率（RR=0.70,95%CI 0.55～0.91,P<0.01）显著低于晚期用药组,而病死率（RR=1.15,95%CI 0.73～1.81,P=0.55）与晚期用药组比较差异无统计学意义。结论：极低出生体质量早产儿早期使用咖啡因能显著降低呼吸暂停发生率、BPD、ROP、PDA、IVH和NEC发生率,减少机械通气、吸氧和咖啡因用药时间,但对病死率无影响。     

米力农注射液治疗儿童先天性心脏病合并重症肺炎及心力衰竭的疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的：系统评价米力农注射液治疗儿童先天性心脏病（CHD）合并重症肺炎及心力衰竭的疗效。方法：计算机检索PubMed、EMBase、the Cochrane Library、万方数据库、CBM、CNKI,收集有关应用米力农注射液治疗儿童CHD合并重症肺炎及心力衰竭的随机对照试验（对照组给予常规对症治疗+多巴胺注射液或洋地黄,试验组给予常规对症治疗+米力农注射液）,检索时限均为建库至2018年8月。由2名评价者独立选择文献、提取资料和评估方法学质量后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析,并使用Jadad系统评价质量。结果：共纳入5项随机对照试验,共398例患儿。与对照组比较,试验组总有效率（OR=1.25,95%CI：1.13~1.37,P<0.01）、心率平稳时间（SMD=-1.28,95%CI：-1.65~-0.91,P<0.01）、呼吸或咳嗽症状平稳时间（SMD=-2.18,95%CI：-4.02~-0.34,P=0.02）和心功能指标（LVEF）改善情况（SMD=1.14,95%CI：0.66~1.62,P<0.01）均具有明显优势。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（OR=1.31,95%CI：0.57~3.03,P=0.53）。结论：米力农治疗小儿CHD合并重症肺炎及心力衰竭可较快改善临床症状与心功能,提高总有效率。但由于文献质量的局限性,仍需大样本双盲随机试验的证据支持     

黄芪注射液辅助放化疗对癌症患者疗效和不良反应的系统评价

目的 系统评价黄芪注射液联合放化疗对癌症患者疗效和免疫功能的影响,为临床使用提供循证医学的相关参考。方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库（Wanfang Deta）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普生物医学数据库（VIP）、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆等数据库中有关黄芪注射液联合放化疗治疗癌症的随机对照临床试验（RCT）,检索时间为各数据库建库起至2021年11月1日。使用Cochrane工具评价文献质量,用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入16项RCTs,1 340例患者。Meta分析结果显示：黄芪注射液在辅助癌症的放化疗治疗中能显著提高治疗有效率［RR=1.96,95% CI（1.53,2.50）］,提高患者CD₃⁺［MD=7.47,95% CI（5.05,9.90）］、CD₄⁺［MD=4.96,95% CI （3.84,6.09） ］、CD₈⁺ ［MD=7.47,95% CI （5.05,9.90） ］水平、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺的值［MD=0.29,95% CI （0.20,0.14）］,有效改善患者生存质量［RR=11.48,95% CI=（10.44,12.51）］,改善放化疗引起的口干、黏膜损伤、皮炎损伤等不良反应发生率,与对照组比较差异均具有显著意义（P＜0.000 01）。结论 黄芪注射液协同放化疗治疗癌症可以提高治疗有效率、改善患者生活质量、促进患者免疫功能、降低不良反应,鉴于研究局限性,尚需更多高质量、大样本RCTs进一步验证。     

美金刚对比多奈哌齐治疗帕金森病痴呆的Meta分析

目的 系统评价美金刚对比多奈哌齐治疗帕金森病痴呆的疗效与安全性。方法 检索中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库（Wanfang Data）、维普中文期刊全文数据库（VIP）和中国生物医学文献数据库（SinoMed）、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库自建库起至2022年7月1日收录的有关美金刚、多奈哌齐分别联合多巴丝肼治疗帕金森病痴呆的临床随机对照试验（RCT）。评估偏倚风险,并收集患者治疗后的简易精神状态量表（MMSE）评分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分变化情况,临床总有效率及不良反应发生率,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入14项RCTs,总计1219名患者,其中美金刚联合多巴丝肼组610例、多奈哌齐联合多巴丝肼组609例。Meta分析结果显示,美金刚联合多巴丝肼在改善MMSE评分、改善MoCA评分、提高临床总有效率方面效果均优于多奈哌齐联合多巴丝肼,其差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;美金刚对比多奈哌齐治疗帕金森病痴呆的不良反应发生率更低。结论 美金刚对帕金森病痴呆患者的认知功能改善效果优于多奈哌齐,临床总有效率更高,且治疗后不良反应发生率低。