腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转和Bosworth法修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的探讨陈旧性跟腱断裂的手术方式。方法对62例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者按早期、后期分别采用腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转和Bosworth法修复治疗，比较两种方法治疗效果。结果62例均获随访，时间8个月～6年，腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转组优良率为90．63％，Bosworth法修复组优良率为73．33％，两组差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论采用腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂，术后并发症少，能显著提高疗效。     

Which constructs can predict emotional exhaustion in a working population? A study into its determinants

The main objective of this study was to examine the psychosocial stress model developed by Taylor and Aspinwall with emotional exhaustion as the outcome variable. Respondents, 409 men and 346 women, who had a paid job for at least 20 hours per week, completed questionnaires concerning demographic variables, personality, temperament, work pressure, workload, perceived social support, appraisal, coping, and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation analyses provided only partial support for the validity of the model. First, on theoretical and statistical grounds, one more path linking external resources to social support was added. Second, contrary to expectations, coping styles did not predict emotional exhaustion. To conclude, when coping is measured retrospectively, it does not add to our understanding of emotional exhaustion. It is suggested that future studies should be longitudinal and include objective measures of stressors and psychosocial health outcomes in addition to self‐reports. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early results of immediate repair of obstetric third-degree tears: 65% are completely asymptomatic despite persistent sphincter defects in 61%

OBJECTIVE: The outcome of immediate repair of obstetric third-degree tears is poorly documented. Immediate repair may give better functional results than delayed repair because scarring is reduced. This aim of this prospective study was to examine the early outcome of immediate repair of third-degree tears. METHOD: A total of 121 women who had immediate repair of obstetric third-degree tears underwent interview, anal ultrasonography and anorectal physiology. RESULTS: At review, 79 (65%) were completely asymptomatic (score = 0), 23 (19%), had minor flatus incontinence or mild urgency causing no compromise to their quality of life (score 1-4), and 19 (16%) had clinically embarrassing faecal incontinence (score 5-24). Thirty-nine (32%) had an intact internal anal sphincter (IAS) and external anal sphincter (EAS) (i.e. a successful repair), eight (7%) had a defect in the IAS alone but the EAS was intact (i.e. a successful repair but a residual IAS defect), 43 (35%) had a residual defect in the EAS alone (IAS intact) and 31 (26%) had a persistent defect in the IAS and EAS. Residual defects in either or both of the sphincters were associated with a significantly higher incidence of abnormal resting and squeeze anal pressures. Anal manometry had no correlation with symptoms. The highest proportion of severe incontinence was in those with an IAS defect alone (37%) and when there was a residual IAS and EAS defect (24%). Only 2 of 39 (5%) with an intact IAS and EAS had severe incontinence and only 8 of 43 (18%) with a residual EAS defect alone had severe faecal incontinence. CONCLUSION: These results indicate a good outcome following immediate repair of third-degree obstetric tears and emphasize the role of the IAS in providing continence.     

治疗时机对创伤性漂浮膝预后的影响

目的:探讨不同的手术时机对于创伤性漂浮膝术后功能恢复的影响。方法:回顾性分析42例接受手术治疗并获得随访的漂浮膝患者术后膝关节功能恢复情况,将患者按接受手术的时间分为72h内（23例）和72h后（19例）手术组,根据Karlstrom标准对两组患者术后膝关节功能恢复情况进行评定,将评定结果使用SPSS10·0软件进行统计学分析。结果:随访11个月⁶年,平均26个月,72h内接受手术者膝关节功能恢复情况优10例,良7例,中5例,差1例;72h后接受手术者优2例,良5例,中4例,差8例,两组结果差异有显著性统计学意义（P<0·01）。结论:早期手术坚强内固定、早期进行功能锻炼对于漂浮膝损伤远期功能的恢复具有重要的意义。     

4种皮瓣修复手掌部大面积皮肤缺损

目的探讨不同皮瓣治疗手掌部皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法对21例手掌部大面积皮肤缺损患者采用4种皮瓣修复治疗：桡动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复7例;骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复4例;足背动脉岛状皮瓣游离移植修复6例;髂腹股沟轴型皮瓣修复4例。结果21例随访8周-5年,术后皮瓣完全成活18例。3例皮瓣远端部分坏死。结论根据患者不同情况,采用不同皮瓣技术能满足手掌部大面积皮肤缺损修复的需要,并能最大限度地保证患者手功能的恢复。骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣应作为首选。     

封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染

目的探讨封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染的疗效。方法应用封闭式负压引流治疗开放性骨折发生软组织感染18例。结果18例均获随访,时间6个月-1年6个月。软组织感染均愈合,骨折正常愈合12例,延迟愈合6例,无慢性骨感染发生。结论封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染,可短期控制感染,为进一步治疗创造条件,尤其适用于深部软组织感染患者。手术简单,疗效可靠,适合基层医院应用。     

股骨髁支持钢板治疗股骨远端C3型骨折

2001～2005年，我院应用股骨髁支持钢板治疗25例C3型股骨远端骨折患者，取得了良好疗效。     

颈椎斜位片在下颈椎椎弓根螺钉术的研究

目的通过C形臂X线机以不同角度拍摄的尸体颈椎样本的斜位片观测颈椎椎弓根。在此基础之上不同角度的颈椎斜位片上观察术前拟行下颈椎椎弓根钉植入的患者颈椎椎弓根影象学表现。在这两个观测的基础上找到颈椎椎弓根及螺钉植入的最佳斜位片角度。方法选用干燥的人颈椎(C3~7)标本在C形臂X线机辅助下通过透视不同的斜位角度(40°、45°、50°、55°、60°)观测椎弓根。同时在颈椎标本观测的基础上,对拟行颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入患者术前摄不同角度的颈椎斜位片(45°、50°、55°)观测颈椎椎弓根的显示。两次试验都是观测椎弓根的长度及对侧椎弓根在椎体上显影的位置(把椎体3等分)。结果通过测量发现55°颈椎双斜位片对椎弓根长度的显示及对侧椎弓根位置显示与其他角度斜位片相比有明显的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论55°双斜位片对术前颈椎椎弓根的判断及术中椎弓根钉植入准确性的判断是斜位片的最佳角度。     

指甲延长术在指尖损伤中的临床应用

目的总结指甲延长术在指尖损伤中的临床应用经验。方法用这种方法对8例（拇指3例,食指4例,中指1例）指尖损伤的患者进行了指甲延长术。在距甲根皮缘0.5～0.6cm处,去除一块矩形皮肤,勿损伤皮下血管网,其高度0.2～0.3cm,宽度与甲相等,将“U”形皮瓣向近端柔和推剥并缝合。结果1例术后供区发生表浅感染,经交换敷料逐渐愈合。所有甲延长的手指术后经过顺利,随访7个月～2年（平均13个月）,指甲外形较好,取得较满意的临床效果。结论在指尖损伤中应用指甲延长术,可延长指甲2～3mm,改善了手指的外形,没有发生甲生长畸形,是一种简单有效的指甲延长手术方法。     

兔内听动脉阻断与听觉改变的关系

目的 探讨实验性内听动脉阻断与术后听力改变的关系及术中听觉监控的方法。方法 实验兔乙状窦后进路暴露小脑桥脑角，下压小脑暴露内听道及第Ⅷ神经复合体，分辨出内听动脉，予阻断不同时间，分别行蜗神经直接复合动作电位(DCAP)和畸变产物耳声发射记录(DPOAE)。结果对照组DCAPN1波潜伏期值无明显改变。内耳血供阻断10s和30s组在压迫开始后3min，DCAPN1波潜伏期值均恢复为初始值。内耳血供阻断1min组在压迫开始后3h，DCAPN1波潜伏期值未恢复为初始值假手术组DPOAE幅值无明显改变，内耳血供阻断10s、30s对DPOAE幅值无影响，内耳血供阻断1min使得DPOAE幅值下降结论兔内耳血供阻断1min可能造成兔听觉不可逆损伤。DCAP、DPOAE能有效、持续地监控内耳血供阻断，是耳神经外科手术中实用的听觉监测手段。