五种生物基质对鼠乳腺肿瘤细胞生长和克隆形成的影响

本文研究结果表明,应用无血清培养体系对鼠中孕期乳腺组织细胞(COMMA-1D细胞)、鼠乳腺肿瘤细胞(FUKU细胞)以及CD8F1细胞的原代培养中。BM Matrigel是一良好的细胞附着和细胞生长的促进剂,而Ⅳ型胶原、昆布胺酸和Vitrogen 100对上述细胞的附着和生长也有一定的作用。BM Matrigel和昆布胺酸对FUKU细胞的克隆产率也有显著的促进作用,而昆布胺酸应用方便,价格较低,更适于在实验研究中推广应用。     

地高辛的体内分析方法应用与进展

目的总结地高辛血药质量浓度监测方法,寻求最适的测定方法。方法对近年来国内外与地高辛监测相关的文献进行检索综述分析。结果地高辛血药浓度测定方法很多,常用方法主要有:FPIA、酶免疫分析法、RIA、CLIA、乳胶免疫抑制法、干化学法、HPLC法等。结论通过比较分析其中RIA、CLIA、EIA和HPLC MS 4种方法更好。     

谷氨酰胺和生长激素对短肠综合征患者肠道代偿作用

目的探讨谷氨酰胺和生长激素对短肠综合征(SBS)患者的肠道代偿作用。方法26例短肠综合征患者残余小肠长度为0～100(中位数42.5)cm,手术后接受肠外营养(PN)支持3-52个月,联合应用生长激素(GH)(0.10±0.06)mg·kg-1·d-1和谷氨酰胺(GLN)(0.30±0.17)g·kg-1·d-1进行肠道促代偿治疗。结果26例接受GH加GLN治疗的SBS患者,其中9例(34.6%)治疗后近期内完全摆脱PN;8例(30.8%)经治疗后明显减少了PN用量,从每周需要PN(6.0±1.0)d下降至(4.2±1.0)d,每周PN需要量从(13.6±5.2)L降至(8.2±3.3)L;9例(34.6%)在治疗后仍依赖PN维持。结论经过合适的营养支持和肠道促代偿治疗,大多数短肠综合征患者残留肠道能充分代偿,完全摆脱PN或减少PN用量,长期健康生存。     

Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone Raises Cytosolic Free Calcium Concentration in Human Adenomatous Somatotrophs and Corticotrophs; Comparison with in vivo Responsiveness to Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone in Patients with Acromegaly or Cushing's Disease

The effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) on intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration, [Ca²⁺)i, was investigated with the fluorescent dye fura-2 in cell suspensions obtained from 13 human growth hormone-secreting adenomas and 6 adrenocorticotrophin-secreting adenomas. Preoperatively, 9 out of 13 acromegalic patients showed a positive growth hormone response to TRH administration while none of the 6 patients with Cushing's disease had a plasma adrenocorticotrophin increase after TRH injection. In all the growth hormone-secreting adenomas the addition of TRH (100 nM) caused a significant rise in [Ca²⁺]i (from a resting level of 133±40 (±SD) to a value of 284±119 nM at 100 nM TRH, n = 42; P<0.001). The transient induced by TRH was found to have a dual origin, one due to Ca²⁺ mobilization from intracellular stores which was maintained in presence of EGTA (3mM) and verapamil (10 μM) and a plateau phase due to Ca²⁺ influx from the extracellular media. Somatostatin (0.1 μM) lowered both resting [Ca²⁺]i and TRH-induced transients. The effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on [Ca²⁺]i was evaluated on cell suspensions obtained from 6 growth hormone-secreting adenomas. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (100 nM) caused a marked rise in [Ca²⁺]i (from 179±25 to 283±15nM) on the cell suspension obtained from the only in vivo responsive adenoma while it was ineffective in the remaining 5. Although TRH was ineffective in modifying plasma adrenocorticotrophin levels in all patients with Cushing's disease, in 5 out of 6 tumors the addition of 100 nM TRH caused a significant rise in [Ca²⁺]i (from 102.5 ± 36 to 163±66 nM, n = 22; P < 0.005). However, the effect of TRH on [Ca²⁺]i was significantly lower than that caused by arginine vasopressin, a physiological stimulator of adrenocorticotrophin release ([Ca²⁺]i values; 145±78 nM at 100 nM TRH versus 300±140 at 10 nM arginine vasopressin, n = 15; P<0.05). Moreover, the effect of arginine vasopressin on [Ca²⁺]i was detectable at concentrations as low as 0.1 nM while TRH was effective at concentrations higher than 1 nM. By contrast, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone was ineffective in increasing [Ca²]i in all the adrenocorticotrophin-secreting adenomas studied. Collectively, these data indicate that sensitivity to TRH is present in almost all the growth hormone- and adrenocorticotrophin-secreting adenomas independently of the responsiveness of the individual patients to the peptide.     

Regulation of Basal and Nursing-Induced Secretion of Growth Hormone in the Neonatal Rat: The Involvement of Serotonergic, Muscarinic Cholinergic, Alpha2-Adrenergic, Somatostatin and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Systems

Various neural factors are involved in the suckling-induced increase in serum growth hormone (GH) levels in neonatal rats, and, in the present study the serotonergic, cholinergic, somatostatin and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) systems were investigated. The serotonin (5-HT) precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP) and the 5-HT receptor agonist quipazine maleate stimulated serum GH levels in 2-day-old rat pups separated from their mothers for 6 h. The increase in serum GH during suckling was further elevated by 5-HTP. The 5-HT antagonist cyproheptadine decreased serum GH levels in separated 2-day-old pups, and although it reduced the amplitude of the suckling-induced increase in serum GH concentration, it did not alter the increase in serum GH on a percentage basis. The effect of the cholinergic muscarinic antagonist atropine sulfate (ATR) was similar to that of cyproheptadine. Moreover, in separated pups, ATR prevented the increase in serum GH induced by 5-HTP. In contrast with 2-day-old pups, ATR completely eliminated the suckling-induced release of GH in 10-day-old rats. However, ATR failed to prevent GH release induced by the α₂-adrenergic agonist clonidine HCI in 10-day-old male pups. While thyrotropin-releasing hormone increased serum GH levels, rat GHRH failed to alter serum GH levels either in separated or in suckled 2-day-old rat pups. Immunoneutralization for rat GHRH eliminated the increase in serum GH induced by clonidine HCI in 10-day-old pups, but (on a percentage basis) failed to prevent the GH-increasing effect of suckling in 2-day-old pups. While somatostatin failed to significantly decrease serum GH in separated 2-day-old pups, it effectively decreased serum GH levels in 2-day-old pups which were suckled. Cysteamine, which depletes hypothalamic somatostatin, increased serum GH in separated 2-day-old pups, and further increased the suckling-induced levels of serum GH. Cysteamine partially prevented the GH-decreasing effect of ATR. The present findings suggest that 1) the serotonergic and cholinergic systems are involved in the regulation of GH secretion as early as day 2 postpartum; 2) the serotonergic and cholinergic systems modulate the basal, and do not modulate the suckling-induced levels of serum GH; 3) the serotonergic system may exert its stimulatory influence on GH secretion only in the presence of a functional muscarinic cholinergic system; 4) the cholinergic system, at least in part, stimulates GH secretion via a cysteamine-sensitive system (probably by inhibiting somatostatin); 5) the cholinergic system is not functionally coupled with the α₂-adrenergic system, which stimulates GH secretion via rat GHRH; 6) since in 10-day-old pups clonidine HCI was effective only in males, while suckling was effective in both sexes, the α₂-adrenergic system is not involved in the suckling-induced increase of serum GH; and finally 7) neither somatostatin nor rat GHRH seem to be involved in the suckling-induced changes in serum GH. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the high circulating GH levels in the neonatal rat are due to alternative GH-releasing factors, perhaps thyrotropin-releasing hormone or γ-aminobutyric acid. The neurohumoral mediator of the suckling-induced GH release in neonatal rats remains to be identified.     

宜昌市20年结肠镜检查大肠癌患病率回顾性分析

目的探讨该市大肠癌流行病学和临床特点。方法以所有结肠镜受检对象为研究群体,对大肠癌患病率、大肠癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位进行统计分析;比较大肠癌临床症状与大肠癌患者年龄、肿瘤发生部位的关系。结果自1980年以来,大肠癌年度患病率呈非线性缓慢上升,男性大肠癌患病率7.1%;女性大肠癌患病率5.5%;在3个年限段(80年代、90年代和21世纪5年)大肠癌中位患病年龄分别为男53.5、56.7和59.0岁;女51.9、53.7和55.2岁。986例大肠癌中直肠癌691例,乙状结肠癌82例,降结肠癌18例,脾曲癌4例,横结肠癌37例,肝曲癌30例,升结肠、回盲部癌79例,大肠多发性癌45例。临床症状以便血为主,其次为腹痛、腹部包块和肠梗阻发生率较低,半数以上患者有不同程度贫血。结论该市大肠癌患病率和中位发病年龄呈缓慢上升,低于国内大肠癌高发区。大肠癌肿瘤发生部位有近移和多发趋势。便血是直肠癌主要症状,中老年患者便血发生率高于青年患者,但腹痛发生率低于青年患者。     

伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤126例的临床分析

目的 评价伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤的疗效和并发症.方法 对2000年8月至2005年12月间伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤并有完整临床资料.病人年龄15～76岁,肿瘤最大径<10mm 68例、10～20mm 56例、>20mm 2例,伽玛刀治疗剂处方量为15～30Gy、50%～65%等剂量曲线.结果 随访1～6年,肿瘤消失75例,肿瘤缩小28例,肿瘤无变化15例,肿瘤继续增大8例.肿瘤生长控制率93.6%(118/126);激素水平恢复正常率63%(49/78),垂体功能低下发生率为15%,因肿瘤复发或激素水平未恢复再行肿瘤切除术5例.结论 伽玛刀治疗垂体腺瘤,能控制垂体腺瘤肿瘤生长,可恢复垂体内分泌功能异常改变.     

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human parathyroid hormone in healthy male Chinese subjects

AIM： To determine the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic parameters of a new drug recombinant human parathyroid hormone [ rhPTH （1-84）] in healthy male Chinese subjects. METHODS： domly divided Thirty-six healthy male volunteers were rangroups received into 3 groups. The volunteers in these single subcutaneous injection of rhPTH （ 1-84） in a dosage of 1, 2 and 4 μg/kg respectively. Blood samples were obtained before and after administration within 24 hours. The rhPTH concentrations in sennn were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The pharmacokinetic parameters determined with use of standard noncompartmental analysis were the maximum serum concentration （ Cmax ）, the time to attain that concentration （ tmax ）, and the area under the serum concentration-time curve up to 24 hours（ AUC0-24 ） and up to infinity （AUC0-∞）. Dose proportionality of pharmacokinetic parameters （AUC, Cmax of every volunteer of each dosage and A UC was computed from log transformed data） and was examined by mean of analysis of variance （ANOVA） using SPSS software package. In the study, subjects＇ symptoms, objective signs, and vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature, were checked and 12-lead electrocardiography was recorded before and after drug administration within 24 hours. Routine laboratory tests, including hematology, blood biochemistry, serum electrolyte, and urinalysis, were performed before and after drug administration within at 24 hours.[第一段]     

Is chronic inflammatory change in the prostate the major cause of rising serum prostate‐specific antigen in patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer?

AIM: To evaluate the cause of elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with transrectal needle biopsy negative for prostate cancer. METHODS: Serum PSA concentration, prostate volume, and pathologic findings were examined in 223 patients with negative biopsy for prostate cancer. The degree of prostate inflammation was determined by the extent and degree of inflammation shown by biopsy specimens and is expressed as an inflammation score (range: 0-36). RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between PSA concentration and prostate total volume (P=0.0001). Prostate chronic inflammation showed no correlation with PSA concentration (P=0.485, F=0.488). After allocating patients to normal PSA (4 ng/mL) groups, we found that serum PSA concentrations in both groups were predominantly affected by prostate total volume. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in prostate volume appears to be the major contributor to a high serum PSA concentration in patients with negative biopsy for prostate cancer. However, in contrast to previous reports, there was no correlation between the degree of prostate chronic inflammation and serum PSA concentrations.     

The relationship between reproductive state and "sexually" dimorphic brain areas in sexually reproducing and parthenogenetic whiptail lizards

The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus are sexually dimorphic in the reproductively active whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus inornatus. The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area, which is involved in the control of male-typical copulatory behaviors, is larger in males, whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus, which is involved in the control of female-typical receptivity, is larger in females. In the parthenogenetic whiptail lizard C. uniparens, which is a direct descendant of C. inornatus and exhibits both male-like and female-like pseudosexual behaviors, both brain areas are comparable in size to those of female C. inornatus. This study was conducted to determine whether these brain areas change in size in either species or sex during a time of year when these animals are reproductively inactive, or after removal of the gonads. In male C. inornatus both brain areas changed during reproductive inactivity (either seasonally or surgically induced) and became equivalent to the size characteristic of reproductively active female C. inornatus. When corrected for brain size, the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area was significantly smaller in intact hibernating and castrated males than in intact males from the summer breeding season. Conversely, the ventromedial hypothalamus was significantly larger in intact hibernating and castrated males than in intact males from the summer breeding season. The two brain areas were not significantly different among the groups of female C. inornatus or parthenogenetic C. uniparens. These results suggest that 1) the brain of whiptail lizards may differentiate seasonally and 2) the female state may be a neutral one to which the male brain reverts during reproductive inactivity.