子宫内膜增生性病变与子宫内膜癌的超声诊断价值

目的:探讨子宫内膜增生性病变与子宫内膜癌的超声鉴别诊断及内膜癌肌浸程度的估价.方法:采用术前B超、术后大体标本观察测量,对123例子宫内膜病变患者的声像图资料进行分析并与手术后病理结果对照.结果:①子宫内膜病变者子宫三径之和平均值均大于正常值;②58.6%的子宫内膜增生过长病变患者内膜形态以条形、梭形和正常形态回声;35%的Ⅱ期以上子宫内膜癌患者内膜回声以积液为主兼有其它图像类型;③大于50岁患者不同病理类型病变的子宫内膜平均厚度均超过其正常内膜厚度值,但无明显的规律性.小于50岁的患者内膜增厚主要以子宫内膜增生过长病变为主占48%;④通过超声测量子宫内膜厚度判断子宫内膜癌浅肌层和深肌层浸润符合率均为71.4%.结论:超声检查对判断子宫内膜病变病理类型有一定帮助,内膜厚度、内膜形态、回声特点、及内膜与肌层间的关系等,仅提示病变存在的可能性,要鉴别病变的良恶性、肌层浸润深度,须根据上述回声特点进行综合分析.     

CT与肿瘤标记物对非小细胞型肺癌N2淋巴结转移的预测作用探讨

目的：回顾性地探讨CT与肿瘤标记物结合能否提高对非小细胞性肺癌N2淋巴结转移的诊断率。方法：将1996～1999年支气管肺癌、CT诊断为N0-1淋巴结转移并行手术治疗的病人，术后根据病理结果重新分期为N0-1和N2；根据两组中血清β2-MG、CEA水平变化进行对照分析；结果：肿瘤的大小、β2-MG、CEA对CT诊断有一定的补充作用；结论：CT扫描对N2淋巴结转移有较高的预测作用，当不能确认N2转移时，肿瘤的大小、β2-MG、CEA是一种有效的补充。     

病人自控硬膜外镇痛用于肺癌术后的临床观察

目的 观察PCEA用于肺癌术后的镇痛效果。方法 60例肺癌术后患随机等分为两组：A组采用PCEA，B组肌注镇痛剂。定时监测两组MAP、HR、SpO2、VAS评分、镇静评分及不良反应等。结果 A组镇痛确切，呼吸、循环平稳，患平静合作休息好。结论 PCEA用于肺癌术后镇痛效果好，不良反应少，患满意度高。     

药物敏感试验指导肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的顺铂联合其他药物胸腔内化疗

目的用药物敏感试验预测肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液癌细胞对顺铂联合其他药物的敏感度，观察其在指导此类患者的顺铂联合其他化疗药物胸腔内化疗的价值。方法将44例胸腔积液癌细胞阳性肺癌患者随机分为两组：药物敏感试验组（20例，有2例因体外药物敏感试验失败而被排除）和对照组（22例）。药物敏感试验组患者用三磷酸腺苷-肿瘤细胞药物敏感试验（ATP-TCA）法分别检测胸腔积液癌细胞对顺铂加香菇多糖、顺铂加甘露聚糖肽、顺铂加A群链球菌制剂、顺铂加干扰素、顺铂加金黄色葡萄球菌滤液制剂、顺铂加卡介苗多糖核酸、顺铂加红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架、顺铂加白细胞介素-2的敏感度，并选择抑瘤率最高的联合化疗药物对患者进行胸腔内化疗，观察治疗后胸腔积液完全缓解率及胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率，并与对照组比较。结果药物敏感试验组患者对各联合化疗药物敏感的例数为：顺铂加香菇多糖14例、顺铂加甘露聚糖肽18例、顺铂加A群链球菌制剂17例、顺铂加干扰素10例、顺铂加金黄色葡萄球菌滤液制剂16例、顺铂加卡介苗多糖核酸15例、顺铂加红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架17例、顺铂加白细胞介素-216例。药物敏感试验组完全缓解率为65．0％，对照组为27．3％（P〈0．05）。药物敏感试验组胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率为80．0％，对照组为45．5％（P〈0．05）。结论用药物敏感试验指导肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的胸腔内个体化化疗可提高完全缓解率和胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率，该方法具有临床实用价值。     

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌外科治疗中的气道重建

背景与目的部分局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者需要采取不同的气道重建方式，以彻底切除病变并最大限度保存肺功能。本研究旨在探讨气道重建中的外科相关问题。方法回顾分析研究2003年1月～2005年6月2206例肺癌手术中100例气道重建患者的临床资料，其中鳞癌42例，腺鳞癌23例，腺癌11例，粘液表皮样癌5例，腺样囊性癌4例，类癌3例及其它混合散在分布类型12例。ⅠB期34例，ⅡB期23例，ⅢA期23例，ⅢB期20例。主要手术方式包括：右上叶袖状切除42例，右下叶袖状切除1例，左上叶袖状切除24例，左下叶袖状切除4例。两叶袖状切除8例，隆凸成形重建17例，肺叶袖状切除合并肺动脉成形4例。结果97例患者为完全性切除（R0），3例为不完全性切除（R1）。术后5例出现并发症，分别为肺部感染2例，胸腔感染1例，支气管胸膜瘘1例，肺泡胸膜瘘1例，并发症发生率为5％。术后住院日为4～27日（中位11日）。99例治愈出院，肺部感染导致死亡1例，手术死亡率为1％。结论对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌采取适当的气道重建方式，符合外科手术原则，可取得较满意的治疗效果。对血管、气管、支气管的处理技巧是手术获得成功的关键。     

Skip mediastinal nodal metastases in non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To reveal the incidence and clinical significance of mediastinal nodal metastases without N1-station nodal metastases (‘skip-N2 metastases’) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 450 NSCLC patients who underwent tumor resection with a systemic mediastinal nodal dissection were retrospectively reviewed. p53 status and proliferative activity represented as proliferative index (PI) were also examined immunohistochemically. Results: Skip-N2 metastases were documented in 49 (13%) patients of all 450 patients; among 334 patients without N1-nodal involvement, 18% patients had skip-N2 metastases. The postoperative survival of skip-N2 patients was almost same as that for patients with metastases to both N1 and N2 nodes. Skip-N2 metastases were significantly more frequent in male patients and squamous cell carcinoma patients. In addition, the mean PI for tumor with skip-N2 metastases was significantly higher than that for any other pathologic nodal (pN)-status diseases. Combined with histologic type and PI, the incidences of skip-N2 metastases for adenocarcinoma showing lower PI were only 5% (7/137) of all patients and 7% (7/94) of patients without N1-nodal involvement. Conclusions: N1 nodal status is not a useful predictor of N2 nodal status in NSCLC, because skip-N2 metastases were documented in 18% patients showing no N1-nodal involvement. However, N1 node-guided dissection might be performed in patients with adenocarcinoma showing lower PI, because the incidence of skip-N2 metastases was extremely low.     

Establishment of Germ-line Competent C57BL/6J Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Objective To establish C57BL/6J embryonic stem （ES） cell lines with potential germ- line contribution Methods ES cells were isolated from blastocyst inner cell mass of C5 7BL/6J mice, and cultured for 15 passages, and then injected into blastococels of ICR mice blastocysts to establish chimeric mice. Results Three ES cell lines （mC57ES1,mC57ES3, mC57ES7） derived from the inner cell mass of C57BL/6J mice blastocysts were established. They were characteristic of undifferentiated state, including normal XY karyotype, expression of a specific cell surface marker “stage-specific embryonic antigen-I” and alkaline phosphatase in continuous passage. When injected into immunodeficient mice, mC57ES1 cells consistently differentiated into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. When mC57ES1 cells were transferred into ICR mice blastocysts, 4 chimeric mice have been obtained. One male of them revealed successful germ-line transmission. Conclussion We have obtained C57BL/6J ES cell lines with a potential germ-line contribution, which can be used to generate transgenic and gene knock-out mice.