Endolymphatic sac surgery: analysis of 100 operations*

One hundred endolymphatic mastoid shunt operations in 89 patients with classical Menière's disease were analysed. The disease was bilateral in 18 patients (20%). The patients were carefully pre-selected by a comprehensive protocol of audiovestibular and metabolic investigations. All patients had definite electrophysiological evidence of endolymphatic hydrops with an enhanced negative summating potential on transtympanic electrocochleography. The surgical results were analysed both by the original American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Guidelines (AAOO, 1972) and the more recent modifications of the American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (AA-HNS, 1985). Control of the vertigo was achieved in 81% of the patients overall, in 88% of the patients with unilateral disease and in 63% of the patients with bilateral disease. A significant hearing improvement was obtained in 19% of patients, no change in 55% and hearing became worse in 26%. Tinnitus improved in 38% of patients, was unchanged in 52% and became worse in 10%. Disability was assessed and there was no disability in 44% of the patients post-operatively, some degree of disability in 48% but only 8% were severely disabled and unable to sustain gainful employment.     

精氨酸加压素（AVP）的衍生物AVP4—8不能作用于AVPV1a受体而诱发电流反应

在微量注射大量肝脏ｍＲＮＡ之后，通过电压箝方法进行功能鉴定，两栖类卵母细胞成功地表达了ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体。但在灌流ＡＶ４－８溶液时，却不能诱导卵母细胞产生内向振荡电流反应。提示ＡＶＰ４－８不能通过ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体而介导生理学效应。     

黄芪注射液对严重创伤患者的免疫调节

目的　探讨黄芪注射液对严重创伤患者的免疫调节作用。方法　选择 5 0例严重创伤患者 (ISS ,创伤严重度评分≥16 ) ,检测应用黄芪注射液 ( 4 0ml)前后T淋巴细胞亚群血清IL 2及可溶性白介素 2受体 (SIL 2R)。结果　严重创伤患者伤后IL 2、CD4 +和CD4 +/CD8+减低 ,而SIL 2R和CD8+升高 ,黄芪治疗组在伤后 14d血中IL 2、T淋巴细胞CD4 +亚群、CD4 +/CD8+降低及SIL 2R、CD8+升高程度均低于治疗前 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　严重创伤患者伤后细胞免疫功能明显抑制 ,应用黄芪注射液可以增加机体免疫功能     

Effect of interleukin-8 on glomerular sulfated compounds and albuminuria

To evaluate the effect of interleukin-8 (IL8) on glomerular basement membrane (GBM) sulfated compounds and albuminuria, we infused IL8 in 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 5 days into the left renal artery of Holtzman male rats at the rate of 10 μl/h using an osmotic pump. Control rats received 1% BSA. A significant increase in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was seen on the last day of IL8 infusion (0.38±0.11, mean ± SEM) when compared with albumin/creatinine ratio prior to infusion (0.19±0.04, P = 0.04). No significant differences in urinary albumin excretion prior to and after infusion of 1% BSA were observed. On the last day of infusion, rats were injected with ³⁵sulfate (1.0 mCi/200 g body weight) intraperitoneally and killed after 8 h. Glomeruli were isolated and GBM obtained. After 5 days of IL8 administration, there was a significant increase in ³⁵sulfate uptake by GBM of the infused kidney (76±10 cpm/dry glomerular weight, mean ± SEM) compared with the uptake seen in the contralateral kidney (53±9, P = 0.05). The in vivo infusion of IL8 increased the ³⁵sulfate uptake by GBM and augmented the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, suggesting that IL8 may induce albuminuria by altering the metabolism of the GBM sulfated compounds. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed by studies on glomerular charge selectivity and GBM anionic sites during the course of the infusion. Moreover, the persistence of the effect needs to be evaluated by prolonging the infusion for more than 5 days. Received June 3, 1996; received in revised form and accepted October 18, 1996     

Inhibition of HLA B8-restricted recognition by unrelated peptides: evidence for allosteric inhibition

A panel of synthetic peptides representing human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) B8, other class I and class II restricted T cell epitopes and two B cell epitopes, were all able to compete with recognition of a HLA B8 restricted epitope by a cytotoxic T cell clone. Competition was obtained when the competitor peptides were added either before or after the target epitope. The target epitope also had a slow off rate, implicating allosteric inhibition. The presence of non-specific, allosteric binding sites may interfere with experiments attempting to define immunologically relevant MHC binding specificities.     

A Comparative Study on the Effect of BCG-PSN and Thymopeptides on T-lymphocyte Subsets of Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice

Polysaccharidenucleicacidfractionofbacilluscalmetteguerin (BCG PSN ,SiqikangInjection)andthymopeptidesarenowtwowidelyusedimmunomod ulatorsinclinicalpractice .Theyareusuallyusedasanadjuvanttherapyforvirusinfection ,autoimmunediseasesandneoplasms ,whichhavebeenclinicallyprovedtobeeffective .Somereportsdemonstratedthattheybothcanstimulatetheproliferationanddif ferentiationofT lymphocytes.However ,theexactmechanismshavenotbeenelucidatedyet .InordertocomparetheirmodulatingmechanismsonT lympho c…     

可溶性白细胞介素-2受体与支气管哮喘

支气管哮喘是常见病和多发病，多种细胞因子参与了支气管哮喘的发病过程。发作期支气管哮喘患者血清可溶性白细胞介素—2受体(SIL—2R)水平明显增高。本文就这方面的进展作一综述。     

溴环己胺醇预先给药对大鼠盐酸吸入性肺损伤的作用

目的 观察溴环己胺醇预先给药对大鼠盐酸吸入性肺损伤是否具有保护作用，并探讨其可能机制。方法30只健康 SD 大鼠，随机分成3组，A 组：生理盐水吸入组；B组：稀盐酸吸入组；C组：稀盐酸吸入 溴环己胺醇处理组，每组10只。C 组腹腔注射溴环己胺醇，1次/d，连续3d，A、B 组以等体积生理盐水代替。第3天注药后30min，B、C 组气管注入pH 值为1.25的稀盐酸1.2ml/kg，制成盐酸吸入性肺损伤模型，A 组气管注入生理盐水1.2ml/kg。观察注药后5h 动脉血气、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、肺湿/干重比(W/D)、肺组织及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平。结果 与 A 组比较，B、C 组 PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2降低(P<0.01)，B、C 组W/D、B 组肺组织 TNF-α、IL-8含量、血清 IL-8浓度升高(P<0.01)。与 B 组比较，C 组 PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2升高(P<0.01)，C 组W/D、肺组织TNF-α、IL-8含量及血清 IL-8浓度降低(P<0.01)。结论 溴环己胺醇可能通过抑制 TNF-α、IL-8炎症因子的产生和释放机制对盐酸吸入性损伤肺产生保护作用。     

乳凝集素对新生仔兔小肠粘膜及小肠CD4~+,CD8~+,CD25~+淋巴细胞发育的影响

目的探讨乳凝集素(lactadherin)对新生仔兔在吮乳期及断奶期小肠粘膜发育以及小肠淋巴细胞发育的影响。方法新生仔兔共45只,随机分为母乳组(GB),配方奶组(GF)及配方奶加乳凝集素组(GL,100μg/ml),每组15只,在3w和5w应用图像分析技术检测新生仔兔小肠粘膜发育情况,分别在1、2、3、4和5w时,应用流式细胞技术测定小肠CD4+,CD8+,CD25+淋巴细胞发育情况。结果(1)GL组3w空肠绒毛周长、绒毛面积、绒毛高度及隐窝深度均超过GF组,GB组3w空肠绒毛周长及绒毛高度超过GF组;GL组5w空肠和回肠绒毛周长、绒毛面积、绒毛高度及隐窝深度均超过GF组和GB组。(2)5w各组小肠绒毛发生变化,绒毛表面由高密度的手指状变为平滑叶状或舌状,GL组绒毛面积和高度恢复较GB和GF组好。(3)GL组回肠CD4+淋巴细胞发育较GF组好,GB组较GL组好;GL组回肠CD25+淋巴细胞发育较GF组好(P<0.05)。结论乳凝集素对近端空肠粘膜形态发育和小肠CD4+和CD25+淋巴细胞发育有促进作用,并且可能帮助断奶期绒毛的恢复。