Exposure to secondhand smoke promotes sympathetic activity and cardiac muscle cachexia

Recent trials demonstrated that a single brief exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) generates acute adverse health effects. We evaluated the acute (immediately after exposure) and short-term (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4?h after exposure) effects of SHS on cardiac autonomic control and myocardial integrity. Nineteen adult healthy never-smokers underwent a 1?h exposure to SHS at bar/restaurant levels and a 1?h control exposure. Heart rate variability (HRV), serum cotinine, and six cardiac protein markers were assessed before, during, and up to four hours following each exposure. SHS reduced the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and increased cotinine levels, creatine kinase (CK)-MB, and myoglobin (p?相似文献   

血浆SIOOB蛋白在缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿的诊断评估

目的探讨血浆S100B蛋白对缺氧缺血性脑病（hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy，HIE）新生儿脑损伤的临床意义。方法选择54例临床诊断为HIE的新生儿在出生12h时抽血检测S100B、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron specifice Dolase，NSE）及脑型肌酸激酶同功酶（creatine kinaes BB isozyme，CK-BB），与47例非HIE的窒息新生儿和22例健康新生儿进行对照比较。评价敏感性和特异性，绘制ROC曲线，计算ROC曲线下面积。结果出生12h时HIE患儿血浆S100B、NSE和CK-BB阳性率显著高于窒息组和对照组（均P〈0．01），S100B对HIE的敏感性为88．89％，特异性为82．61％，之和高于NSE及CK-BB。S100B的ROC曲线下面积最大（面积：0．950；95％可信区间0．918—0．983），临床诊断效能高于NSE及CK-BB。结论HIE患儿出生12h时血浆S100B、NSE和CK-BB均能预示HIE患儿的脑部损伤，S100B阳性率最高．三指标联合检测．有助于HIE的早期诊断和病情判断。     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the myostatin (MSTN) and muscle creatine kinase (CKM) genes are not associated with elite endurance performance

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) is one of the most important determinants of elite endurance performance. VO_2max is determined by a whole range of genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in muscle myostatin (MSTN) and creatine kinase (CKM) genes are candidates for VO_2max and skeletal muscle performance phenotypes. Common MSTN (rs3791783, rs11681628 and rs7570532) and CKM (rs344816, rs10410448, rs432979, rs1133190, rs7260359, rs7260463 and rs4884) SNPs, selected from HapMap CEU data in order to tag the genetic variability of the proteins, were genotyped in 316 male Caucasian elite endurance athletes and 304 sedentary controls from the Genathlete study. Association with elite endurance performance was determined by logistic regression analysis. The P‐value for statistical significance was set at <0.01. None of the SNPs or haplotypes showed a significant association with elite endurance status. We conclude that common variants of MSTN and CKM genes do not play a role in attaining high‐level endurance performance in Caucasian populations.     

血清hs-CRP、CK-MB、cTnI在急性心肌梗塞早期诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨血清hs-CRP、CK-MB与cTnI在急性心肌梗塞(AMI)早期中的临床价值。方法对36例AMI胸痛发作在3￣4h患者,50例AMI胸痛发作4￣12h患者,采用定时免疫散射比浊法检测其血清hs-CRP,免疫抑制法测定血清CK-MB,化学发光法检测血清cTnI,并与40例健康对照作比较,探讨三者在AMI早期中的变化情况。结果AMI胸痛发作3￣4h组、4￣12h组hs-CRP含量分别为(7.42±3.27)mg/L、(25.26±18.15)mg/L,均明显高于对照组(0.84±0.73)mg/L(P<0.01);CK-MB含量AMI胸痛发作3￣4h组(25.4±14.6)U/L与4￣12h组(64.6±53.2)U/L均较对照组(5.6±3.4)U/L有显著性差异(P<0.05);而AMI胸痛发作3￣4h组cTnI含量(0.08±0.06)μg/L与对照组(0.06±0.04)μg/L无显著性差异(P>0.05),4￣12h组的cTnI含量(28.9±37.6)μg/L与其它两组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。AMI患者胸痛发作4h内,以hs-CRP(91.7%)最敏感,CK-MB(55.6%)次之,阳性检出率均明显高于cTnI(25%);胸痛发作4￣12h,hs-CRP(100%)、CK-MB(92%)、cTnI(84%)均具有较高的阳性检出率。结论联合检测hs-CRP、CK-MB、cTnI对于AMI早期诊断具有很高的灵敏度与特异性,可将诊断与治疗提前到4h以内,并能作为AMI的预后监测及疗效观察的指标。     

丹酚酸B对兔离体心脏缺氧再复氧损伤的保护作用

目的观察丹酚酸B对兔离体心脏缺氧-复氧损伤的保护作用。方法离体兔心脏Langendorff灌流,通氮气饱和的灌流液60min后再恢复含氧灌流液灌流60min,造成缺氧-复氧损伤;自动生化分析仪测定冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;光学显微镜观察心肌组织结构改变。结果在缺氧的同时给予丹酚酸B0.3,1和3mg.L-l灌流60min,可降低心率,增加冠脉流量,降低冠脉流出液中CK和LDH的水平,心肌组织形态学损伤明显减轻。结论丹酚酸B对兔离体心脏缺氧-复氧损伤有明显的保护作用。     

精神分裂症兴奋行为与血清肌酸激酶活性研究

目的:研究精神分裂症患者兴奋行为与血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性的关系。方法:将126例精神分裂症患者,以阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)中有关兴奋行为条目评分,分为实验组(67例)和对照组(59例),于治疗前及治疗第2、4、6周末分别进行评估,同时抽取患者空腹静脉血样,测定CK活性。结果:治疗前实验组血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性较对照组为高,差异有显著性。治疗第6周末,两组PANSS有关兴奋行为条目评分及CK活性差异无显著性。结论:对于精神分裂症患者兴奋行为,血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性有可能成为其生物学标志之一。     

爱维治对烧伤患者心肌组织缺血缺氧的保护作用

目的:研究爱维治对烧伤患者心肌组织缺血缺氧的影响。方法:本研究为随机、开放、对照性多中心研究。选择烧伤总面积在30%~70%总体表面积(TBSA)且血清乳酸值异常的患者作为研究对象,将70例患者随机分为两组:试验组(n=36)给予爱维治30 mL 生理氯化钠溶液250 mL,静脉滴注,qd,给药7 d;对照组(n=34)仅给予生理氯化钠溶液250 mL,静脉滴注,qd,共7 d。取患者用药前、用药后48 h,72 h和7 d的血样,以血清乳酸值、心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶和肌钙蛋白作为主要监测指标,评价爱维治对烧伤后患者心肌组织的影响。结果:两组血清乳酸值、心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白阳性率在观测期内均有下降,但试验组下降的时间早且幅度大,有统计学意义。结论:爱维治能够有效而且快速改善大面积烧伤患者心肌组织缺血缺氧状况。     

Toxicologic evaluation of modified gum acacia: mutagenicity, acute and subchronic toxicity.

Modified gum acacia, produced from acacia gum by a process analogous to the production of modified food starch, was tested for mutagenicity in the microbial reverse mutation assay. The assay employed a wide range of dose levels, both with and without metabolic activation. Test results gave no indication that modified gum acacia possessed any mutagenic potential. The acute oral toxicity of modified gum acacia was determined in two studies employing Sprague-Dawley rats, and the LD50 values were found to be >2000 mg/kg. The primary dermal irritation potential of modified gum acacia was evaluated in rabbits by the Draize method. Test results indicated that modified gum acacia was slightly irritating by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classification but not a primary irritant by Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) guidelines. The subchronic toxicity of modified gum acacia was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing 0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% modified gum acacia for 13 weeks. No dose-related effects on survival, growth, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, or pathologic lesions were observed. Results of these studies indicate that modified gum acacia does not possess mutagenic potential and that animals are not adversely affected by acute or subchronic exposure to modified gum acacia.     

脑型肌酸激酶同工酶测定在非心源性疾病的应用

目的 探讨脑型肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-BB)在肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病的筛查以及器官损伤定位中的意义. 方法 免疫抑制法检测血清标本心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌酸激酶(CK)活性,计算二者比值.随机选取CK-MB/CK＞50%的非心源性疾病的血清标本90份及30份对照血清,用CK同工酶琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行分离、鉴定. 结果 血清CK-MB假性增高的标本多见于肿瘤、自身免疫病,经电泳分离及可见光扫描后,肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病组的CK-BB含量明显高于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),血清CK-BB增高情况与其在组织器官中的分布相符. 结论 血清CK-BB的检测在肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病的辅助诊断以及器官损伤定位中具有重要意义.