急性缺血性脑卒中伴心房颤动患者行 机械取栓的临床疗效及预后因素

〔摘 要〕 目的：研究机械取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）伴心房颤动患者的疗效及预后因素。 方法：选取北 京市红十字会急诊抢救中心 2020 年 2 月至 2021 年 12 月期间收治的 90 例 AIS 伴心房颤动患者,均行机械取栓治疗, 入院时、治疗后 24 h、7 d、90 d 评估患者的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,并在治疗 90 d 后评估患 者的预后效果,参考改良 Rankin 修订量表（mRS）评价,并对影响预后的危险因素总结分析。 结果：入院时所有患 者 NIHSS 评分为（11.25 ± 2.34）分,治疗后 24 h 的 NIHSS 评分为（8.21 ± 1.52）分,治疗后 7 d 的 NIHSS 评分为 （5.12 ± 0.93）分,治疗后 90 d 的 NIHSS 评分为（3.06 ± 0.54）分,NIHSS 评分逐渐下降,差异具有统计学意义 （P ＜ 0.05）。预后良好组、预后不良组患者比较,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、舒张压、侧支循环建立情况、 开始治疗时间、血管再通时间及入院 NIHSS 评分比较,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;多因素 logistic 回归分析 显示,导致 AIS 伴心房颤动患者机械取栓术后预后不良的独立危险因素有：年龄≥ 60 岁、高血压、未建立侧支循环、 血管再通时间≥ 4 h、入院 NIHSS 评分≥ 14 分,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：机械取栓术治疗 AIS 伴 心房颤动患者可减缓神经功能缺损程度,导致患者预后不良的独立危险因素是年龄≥ 60 岁、高血压、未建立侧支循环、 血管再通时间≥ 4 h、入院 NIHSS 评分≥ 14 分,故临床需引起高度重视。     

Burden of Providing Informal Care for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

ObjectivesPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have rapid and irregular heart rates, increasing the risk of comorbidities and mortality. Next to formal medical care, many patients receive informal care from their social environment. The objective of this study was to examine the well-being and economic burden of providing informal care to patients with AF in the UK, Italy, and Germany.MethodsCaregivers of patients with AF completed an online survey based on the iMTA Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire, with questions about their caregiving situation, perceived burden of caregiving, and absence from work due to health problems resulting from caregiving. Care-related quality-of-life utilities were calculated using the Care-related Quality of Life instrument and associated tariffs. Societal costs of caregiving were calculated based on the proxy good method.ResultsA total of 585 caregivers participated in this study. On average, caregivers provided 33 hours of informal care per week to patients (SD 29 hours). On a scale from 0 to 10, their self-rated burden was 5.4. The average Care-related Quality of Life utility was 72. Caregivers primarily indicated problems with daily activities, mental health, and physical health. Still, the vast majority of caregivers (87%) derived fulfillment from providing care. Weekly societal costs of caregiving were on average €636. Comorbidities contributed substantially to the caregiver time and burden.ConclusionsCaring for a patient with AF is associated with substantial objective and subjective burden, but also provides fulfillment from being able to care for a loved one.     

心房颤动者并发脑梗死相关因素分析

目的 心房颤动是一种常见的心律失常,其并发症包括脑梗死等。国外 对此已经进行了广泛的研究。国内关于此方面的研究较少。本研究分析了心房颤动患者脑梗死发生的危险因素,筛选高危患者,指导临床干预。方法 结合186例慢性心房颤动患者的临床特点,分析不同性别、年龄、病因、并发高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化以及心房大小对房颤并发梗死的影响。结果本研究分析表明：风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化是房颤并发脑梗死的高危因素,性别、年龄对房颤并发脑梗死无显著影响。结论 对于心房颤动并发风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化的患者容易发生脑梗死,可能需要进行抗血栓治疗,预防脑梗死的发生。     

胺碘酮合用小剂量β受体阻滞剂治疗老年阵发房颤临床观察

目的 比较胺碘酮与小剂量β受体阻滞剂合用对老年阵发性房颤的疗效。方法 回顾分析30名老年阵发房颤患者,根据房颤复律后维持用药的不同,分为3组：单用胺碘酮组（n=11);单用β阻滞剂组（n=9);胺碘酮与小剂量β阻滞剂合用组（n=10)。比较3组患者用药后12个月中房颤控制情况及心室率、心脏传导情况。结果 单用胺碘酮组显效率54．5％,有效率45．5％,无效率0％;单用β受体阻滞剂组显效率22．2％,有效率44．5％,无效率33．3％;胺碘酮与小剂量β受体阻滞剂合用治疗房颤,显效率90％,有效率10％,其疗效明显优于单用胺碘酮（P＜0．05）或单用β阻滞剂（P＜0．01）组,且未见明显副作用：3组间心室率未见显著差别。结论 胺碘酮与小剂β受体阻滞剂合用可有效地控制老年阵发性心房纤颤的发作。     

耳穴特异性与生物分子活性的关系

目的　研究耳穴特异性与机体生物分子活性之间的关系。方法　通过 18例SLE患者和 17位健康者的同体双盲试验及统计和相关分析 ,并结合抗体基因结构与功能的研究。结果　证实耳穴电特性具有反应SLE病理变化的特异性 ;7项抗体指标 (含DNA、补体、类风湿因子、免疫球蛋白等 )与耳穴电特性存在不同程度的相关性。结论　耳穴特异性与机体生物分子活性存在密切的联系 ;耳穴反应病变的特异性可能源于机体内生物分子的活性 ,其中包括基因突变、基因表达及其调控。     

Left atrial appendage perforation with Watchman device implantation: Strategies for surgical repair

Percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage is increasingly being used as an alternative for stroke prevention in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation at high risk of complications from long term anticoagulation. We describe a case of left atrial appendage perforation during Watchman device implantation requiring emergency repair of the left atrium using sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. Technical considerations for surgical decision making are discussed; in hemodynamically unstable patients as well as those at high risk for embolization.     

高龄冠心病合并心房颤动患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中左心耳处理的回顾性队列研究

目的本文旨在探讨左室射血分数(LVEF)降低的高龄冠心病合并心房颤动(房颤)患者在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)中同期处理左心耳的手术技巧及效果评价。方法纳入2013~2018年,84例OPCABG LVEF降低(<50%)的高龄(年龄≥70岁)冠心病合并房颤患者在我科行非体外循环冠脉搭桥术。男54例、女30例,年龄70~82岁。将患者分为左心耳闭合组(n=56)和左心耳未闭合组(n=28),左心耳闭合组术后前3个月予以华法林+阿司匹林+氯吡格雷“三联抗栓”,3个月后改为长期服用阿司匹林+氯吡格雷“双联抗血小板”;左心耳未闭合组术后长期予以华法林+阿司匹林+氯吡格雷“三联抗栓”。比较两组患者临床效果。结果全部患者均顺利完成手术。左心耳闭合组应用切割闭合器闭合左心耳44例,应用心耳夹闭合左心耳12例;左心耳闭合时间3~8 min,全组无桥血管及吻合口损伤现象。术后早期死亡2例(2.4%)。术后住院时间6~18 d,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.115)。出院前复查心脏功能显示两组患者术后LVEF均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。住院期间无脑卒中及重要脏器出血表现。82例出院患者随访1年时,两组均无脑梗死发生,但左心耳闭合组出血相关并发症发生率明显低于左心耳未闭合组(3.6%vs.18.5%,P=0.036)。结论LVEF降低的高龄冠心病合并房颤患者在OPCABG中同期闭合左心耳可有效降低脑卒中及出血相关并发症的发生风险,且不会增加手术风险,正确合理的手术技巧可以保证手术顺利进行。     

The Effect of Minimally Invasive Thoracoscopic Left Atrial Appendage Excision on Cardiac Dynamic and Endocrine Function

Purpose: Left atrial appendage (LAA) isolation is an effective surgical treatment for decreasing thromboembolic risk. We sought to evaluate the short-term effect of minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision on left atrial dynamic and endocrine function in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.Methods: A total of 52 patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision in Anzhen Hospital from October 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in the study. The natriuretic peptide plasma level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and left atrial dynamic function was measured preprocedure by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and postprocedure after 7 days and 3 months.Results: With the exception of six recurrences, 88.5% (46/52) of the patients were prospectively followed over 3 months in terms of their sinus rhythm postprocedure. No severe operative complications or embolism events occurred within those 3 months. Echocardiography showed a 3–6% decrease in left atrial volume postprocedure, and dynamic function was largely restored by 3 months. There was no significant change in natriuretic peptide levels, although a slight decrease was detected 7 days postprocedure, which gradually recovered by 3 months (P = 0.350).Conclusions: There are no significant differences in left atrial dynamics and natriuretic peptide secretion in AF patients after minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision.