闭合型双循环生物人工肝支持系统治疗犬急性肝功能衰竭实验研究

目的探讨和评价闭合型双循环生物人工肝支持系统(CBC-BALSS)在治疗犬急性肝功能衰竭模型过程中的稳定性、安全性和有效性。方法建立犬急性肝功能衰竭模型(门腔分流联合胆总管离断),采用CBC-BALSS进行支持治疗。20只模型犬分为两组CBC-BALSS治疗组(n=11);无肝细胞CBC-BALSS对照组(n=9)。治疗时限6h。检测实验犬血氨、生化全套、凝血因子(FactorⅦ)、支/芳氨基酸(BCAA/AAA)、单乙基甘氨酸二甲苯胺(monoethylglycinexylidide,MEGX)和细胞循环路生化全套、肝细胞密度和数量。结果CBC-BALSS细胞回路细胞悬液总体积200ml,肝细胞的总数1×1010个、密度5×107/ml、活率98%左右。治疗中16只犬的生命体征平稳,在治疗30min内均出现一过性低血压;2只转流开始15min出现过敏反应;1只转流中因上消化道出血死亡;1只因穿刺部位出血死亡。模型治疗前血氨、ALT、TBil/DBil、白蛋白、FactorⅦ和BCAA/AAA分别达150mmol/L、400U/L、80/55mmol/L、35g/L、20%和1.6;CBC-BALSS治疗6h后,血氨、TBil/DBil下降均显著低于对照组;ALT存在下降趋势且在第6小时差异有统计学意义;白蛋白、FactorⅦ和BCAA/AAA在所有时段、组间差异均无统计学意义。在治疗1h和2h,MEGX差异有统计学意义,治疗组MEGX比对照组提前2h达最高点。治疗15~30min后,双循环路压力至115mmHg趋于平稳,且在±5mmHg波动。在治疗过程中,治疗组细胞循环路ALT显著性升高;组间细胞循环路TBil/DBil变化差异无统计学意义,而两组在各时间点均显著性升高;白蛋白变化无统计学意义。结论CBC-BALSS治疗犬急性肝功能衰竭过程中,安全、有效、稳定且代谢支持作用明显。     

利多卡因对缺氧/复氧后肝细胞Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨利多卡因预处理对肝细胞缺氧/复氧后Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响。方法将体外培养的肝细胞分为三组:缺氧/复氧组(Ⅰ组)、利多卡因预处理组(Ⅱ组)和正常对照组(Ⅲ组),每组10份。检测肝细胞缺氧/复氧培养后细胞培养液中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)浓度,肝细胞Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达、肝细胞凋亡率及超微结构变化。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ组细胞培养液中ALT、AST浓度、肝细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达和肝细胞凋亡率较Ⅲ组均升高(P<0.05),透射电镜示肝细胞损伤,可见凋亡细胞;Ⅱ组细胞复氧后培养液中ALT、AST浓度、肝细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达和细胞凋亡率均低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而肝细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达较Ⅰ组升高(P<0.05),透射电镜观察也显示Ⅱ组肝细胞比Ⅰ组损伤轻微。结论利多卡因预处理可以在一定程度上减轻缺氧/复氧后肝细胞损伤,降低细胞凋亡率,保护机制可能与Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

The treatment of sulphur mustard burns with laser debridement.

The chemical warfare agent, sulphur mustard (SM), is a potent blistering agent in man. Skin exposure can produce partial-thickness burns which take up to three months to heal. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of early laser ablation as a means of accelerating this exceptionally slow rate of healing. Four circular partial-thickness SM burns were induced on the dorsum of nine large white pigs (under general anaesthesia). At 72 h post-exposure, three burns per animal were ablated with a single pass of an UltraPulse 5000C CO(2) laser, at a fluence of 5-6 J cm(-2). All the burns were dressed with silver sulphadiazine and a semi-occlusive dressing. At one, two and three weeks post-surgery three animals were culled and all lesions excised for histological analysis. Burn depth was confirmed and measurements of the radii of regenerative epithelium were performed allowing the area of the zone of re-epithelialisation in each lesion to be calculated. Laser-treated lesions showed a significant increase (350%) in healing rates compared to controls (p<0.005). At two weeks, the laser-treated sites were 95% healed in comparison with control sites (28% healed). These data suggest that laser ablation may be effective in the treatment of partial-thickness SM-induced skin injury.     

严重肺挫伤早期肺泡灌洗液表面活性蛋白变化与肺功能及形态学改变的关系

目的探讨严重肺挫伤及缺血再灌注后早期肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中表面活性蛋白（SP）-A、B、C、D动态变化与肺功能及肺形态学改变的关系。方法75只兔随机分为对照组（A）、肺挫伤组（B）及缺血再灌注组（C）。每组均为25只。检测各组0，1，2，3，4h肺功能变化及BAIF中SP—A、B、C、D含量百分比，进行组织病理学及电镜检查。结果与A组比较，B、C组sSP—A、B、C、D含量百分比明显减少（P〈0．01）；肺功能出现明显的损害且呈持续下降（P〈0．05）；肺泡Ⅱ型细胞电镜及病理学检查呈不同程度的炎症及变性改变。结论严重肺挫伤BALF中SP—A、B、C、D动态变化与肺功能及肺组织病理学改变一致。     

Rizatriptan in the treatment of migraine

Migraine is a common, disabling disorder associated with considerable personal and societal burden. Current guidelines recommend triptans for the acute treatment of migraine unlikely to respond to less effective therapies. Rizatriptan is a second-generation triptan available in tablet or orally disintegrating tablet (wafer) formulations that offers several advantages over other members of its class. Rizatriptan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and achieves maximum plasma concentrations more quickly than other triptans, providing rapid pain relief. Clinical trials have shown that rizatriptan is at least as effective or superior to other oral migraine-specific agents in the acute treatment of migraine, and has more consistent long-term efficacy across multiple migraine attacks. Rizatriptan has a favorable tolerability profile, and patients have reported greater satisfaction and a preference for rizatriptan over other migraine-specific agents. Improvements in quality of life reported with rizatriptan are consistent with its favorable efficacy and tolerability profiles. Notably, multi-attribute decision models that combine clinical data with patient- and physician-reported treatment preferences have identified rizatriptan as one of three triptans closest to a hypothetical “ideal”. The efficacy and tolerability of rizatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine have thus been well established.     

手部爆炸伤的临床分型与治疗

目的探讨手部爆炸伤新的临床分型以指导治疗、提高疗效。方法1997～2004年收治106例手部爆炸伤,按爆炸伤的严重程度和伤情特点将其划分四型：Ⅰ型：仅有皮肤灼伤、挫裂伤或手部的小面积皮肤缺损,治疗选用清创缝合或植皮修复;Ⅱ型：手部皮肤软组织缺损合并肌腱或骨关节损伤,但无手指血运障碍,治疗选用骨与关节复位固定、肌腱修复的同时必须采用皮瓣覆盖;Ⅲ型：手部广泛皮肤软组织缺损,伴有肌腱、血管、神经及骨关节损伤,手指缺血、离断或缺失,治疗必须应用显微外科技术实施血管吻合、断指再植或拇手指再造和皮瓣移植;Ⅳ型：手广泛毁损,治疗选择截肢术。结果本组Ⅰ型12例,手功能恢复正常;Ⅱ型31例,手功能恢复较好,14例遗留皮瓣臃肿或肌腱粘连,需二期治疗。Ⅲ型57例,无1例截肢,45例进行了二期功能重建手术,手功能恢复达正常的30%～80%不等;Ⅳ型6例,手功能完全丧失。结论该分型方法简明具体,便于临床判断受伤类型和选择治疗方法,并可估计愈合,对临床处理手部爆炸伤具有较好的指导意义。     

大鼠颅脑损伤早期血清IL-6和CRP的动态变化及意义

目的 探讨大鼠颅脑损伤早期血清IL-6和CRP的变化及与颅脑损伤程度的关系.方法 用双抗体夹心酶标免疫分析法测定颅脑损伤大鼠血清IL-6和CRP的水平.结果 轻中重度颅脑损伤大鼠血清IL-6和CRP水平均有升高,其水平与颅脑损伤的严重程度显著相关(P＜0.01),并且颅脑损伤大鼠血清IL-6和CRP含量之间呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 血清IL-6和CRP是评价颅脑损伤早期炎症损伤程度的重要生化指标,其含量变化与伤情严重程度密切相关,通过对其动态观察可及时判断颅脑损伤的严重程度及预后.     

老年人颅脑外伤后缺血性脑卒中发作特点及治疗

目的探讨老年人颅脑外伤后缺血性脑卒中发作特点及个性化治疗方案。方法针对7例颅脑外伤后急性期出现缺血性脑血管病症状的老年患者，通过脑血管造影检查分析其发病原因并根据不同的脑血管特点决定治疗方案。结果大多数患者（6／7）受伤前已存在不同程度的颅内外血管狭窄、血管壁溃疡以及附壁血栓形成等改变，提示脑缺血发作主要与这些病变为基础的脑血流下降、血栓脱落等因素密切相关。而外伤后脑灌注降低、脑血管痉挛是脑缺血发作的诱发因素。结论老年人外伤后的缺血性脑卒中发作主要与原有的脑血管基础疾病有关，预防和治疗老年人外伤后缺血性脑卒中发作，应基于这些病变特征并选择个体化治疗方案。     

生津利咽含片的急性毒性实验

目的：观察生津利咽含片7d内连续最大剂量灌胃给药后小鼠的急性毒性反应及死亡情况。方法：给SPF级昆明种小鼠灌服生津利咽舍片，未测出LD50，故作最大给药量测试。结果：测得最大给药量为120．0g／kg，相当于60妇成人日用量的1446倍。结论：生津利咽含片灌胃给药后，小鼠无急性毒性反应。