尼麦角林在脑血管病中的应用

尼麦角林是一种麦角生物碱衍生物，广泛应用于脑血管病患者认知障碍的治疗。多项临
床前研究显示，尼麦角林对于认知障碍的改善可能与以下因素有关：尼麦角林除能够改善脑循环，
促进神经递质释放外，还具有营养神经及抗氧化等作用。目前的研究认为，尼麦角林能够改善患者
卒中后抑郁相关的情绪障碍以及有效改善血管性痴呆，提高患者的日常生活能力。同时，尼麦角林具
有良好的安全性，目前暂无尼麦角林治疗导致纤维化或麦角中毒的研究报道。本文就尼麦角林在神
经系统的作用机制、临床疗效及安全性进行综述，以期为临床应用提供参考。     

求和自回归滑动平均模型结合圆分布法分析脑卒中死亡率动态规律

通过1999年1月至2006年12月天津市脑卒中逐月死亡率数据,应用圆分布法探讨脑卒中死亡率的季节分布,动态变化规律,建立监测与预测的时间序列模型.通过模型辨识、参数估计及其检验、白噪声检验、模型的拟合度分析等过程,建立求和自回归滑动平均模型(ARIMA)的季节乘积模型(P,d,q)(P,D,Q)s.脑卒中死亡率以年为周期,一年中1月为高发月份.建立ARIMA(0,1,0)×(0,1,1)12:模型:(1-B)(1-B12)lnx1=0.001+(1-0.537B12)εt.结论:ARIMA乘积模型结合圆分布法是对脑卒中死亡率进行时间序列分析的重要方法;应用该方法可对脑卒中流行趋势及死亡率进行预测,为卫生资源合理分配、公共卫生政策计划制定和防治结果考核提供科学依据.     

利用圆形分布的统计方法分析急性脑梗死患者死亡时间昼夜节律特点

目的 回顾性分析64例急性脑梗死患者的死亡时间，探讨脑梗死患者死亡时间的昼夜节律变化的特点和规律，方法 分析64例死亡病例的临床资料，重点分析死亡时间，利用圆形分布的统计方法，计算出死亡高峰时刻和1天24小时内95％的死亡时间集中时段。结果 急性脑梗死患者的死亡高峰时刻为05：59：31，1天24小时内95％的死亡时间发生在01：04：23-10：54：39．结论 急性脑梗死患者的死亡时间有一定的昼夜节律分布的特点，清晨通常为死亡的高峰时段，与机体血栓性病理状态恶化或血压的昼夜波动有关，工作中应注意加强夜间和凌晨患者的管理和监测，必要时改变投药时间，最大限度地减少死亡率。     

MELAS presenting as migraine complicated by stroke: case report

A case of MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) which presented as migraine complicated by stroke is reported. Strokes associated with migraine have often been reported, but the mechanism remains unclear and may include a variety of pathologies. MELAS also presents with migrainous headache, vomiting, and stroke-like symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates characteristic findings. MELAS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infarct-like lesions with migrainous headaches in young adults, especially if the symptoms fluctuate and are accompanied by a homonymous hemianopia. Received: 23 September 1996 Accepted: 19 February 1997     

Interleukin-2, its soluble receptor,and soluble T8 antigen in acute ischemic stroke

The treatment of neoplasia with interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be complicated by neurological deficits resembling transient Ischemic attack and stroke. We investigated whether interleukin-2 contributes to the natural course of cerebrovascular ischemia and particularly to the pathogenesis of infection-associated stroke. Plasma levels of interleukin-2 were below the level of detectability in almost all measurements. Patients with and without previous infection (n = 11, 805 ±445 U/ml vs n = 19, 824 ± 501 U/ml) did not have significantly higher levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors than control subjects with (n = 14, 667 ± 229 U/ml) or without vascular risk factors (n = 17, 567 ± 176 U/ml). Receptor levels increased in patients during the first week after stroke (n = 15, 1157 ± 1013, p < 0.02). Levels of soluble T8 antigen (sT8) were higher in patients (n – 26, 320 ± 112 U/ml) than in healthy control subjects (n = 15, 246 ± 92 U/ml; p < 0.05) and sT8 levels increased during the first week after stroke (p < 0.05). These results reflect an immunological response to the cerebral infarct; they do not indicate a general role of the IL-2 system in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke with or without previous infection.     

恢复后期脑卒中综合康复治疗与单纯药物治疗的对比研究

目的 :研究综合康复治疗对恢复后期脑卒中患者运动功能及日常生活能力 (ADL)的影响。方法 :将 92例恢复后期脑卒中患者 ,随机分为康复组 5 0例 ,对照组 4 2例 ,两组一般治疗相同 ,康复组同时配合康复护理、运动疗法、作业疗法和电疗等综合康复治疗 8周。结果 :采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分 (FMA)和修订的Barthel指数 (MBI)评分 ,康复组各项指标评分明显优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :综合康复治疗对于恢复后期脑卒中患者运动功能的恢复有明显效果 ,提高了ADL水平。     

急性脑卒中患者医院感染病原体分析

目的 探讨脑卒中患者医院感染病原体的构成及耐药情况，旨在指导临床合理用药。方法 对1997年1月1日～2001年12月31日，5年间收治的3856例急性脑卒中患者进行监测，对确诊医院感染者486例的主要病原体进行药敏试验。结果 医院感染发病率为12．60％，主要部位为下呼吸道，占37．08％，其次为泌尿道，占34．04％；引起医院感染的病原体以G^-菌为主，占41．38％，G^-菌占30．72％，真菌占27．90％，耐药菌株不断增加。结论 加强对细菌耐药性的监测，合理选用抗菌药物，是减少或延缓耐药菌株的产生的关键措施。     

Stroke Caused by Small Vessel Occlusion in a Patient Taking Etoricoxib and Thalidomide

We report a 33-year-old man with seronegative arthritis who had an acute infarct at the left lentiform nucleus while taking etoricoxib and thalidomide regularly. Extensive investigations did not find any evidence of large artery atherosclerosis, vasculitis, cardioembolic source or anti-phospholipid antibodies. While it is possible that a short smoking history, hyperlipidemia, and the use of thalidomide could have contributed to the thrombosis of a small penetrator vessel, we postulated that the prolonged use of etoricoxib is another possible contributing factor.