电影相位对比与屏气二维相位对比MRI对肝硬化门静脉血流的对照研究

目的探讨MRI电影法相位对比（Cine PC）与屏气二维相位对比（2D PC）在肝硬化患者和正常志愿者门静脉血流测量中的诊断价值。资料与方法对照组为82名志愿者,男45名,女37名,平均年龄26.65岁;肝硬化组24例,男14例,女10例,平均年龄42.00岁。空腹状态下采用CinePC技术对门静脉血流定量测量,同期采用2DPC技术3种不同屏气状态（正常吸气屏气,呼气屏气,平静呼吸屏气）与其进行比较。结果肝硬化患者门静脉血流速度较对照组略减低,除2D PC平静呼吸法,余方法两组差异均无统计学意义,肝硬化组门静脉血流量与对照组比较明显增大（P〈0.01）,但2DPC吸气屏气技术两者差异无统计学意义。采用相关性分析对屏气2DPC（不同呼吸状态）与Cine PC MRI方法定量门静脉血流速度、血流量,显示两种技术相关性很好（r〉0.8;P〈0.01）,但在对照组行相关性分析,仅呼气后屏气2D PC与Cine PC显示中度相关（r〉0.5;P〈0.01）,吸气后屏气与CinePC相关性较差（r〈0.4）。结论MRI Cine PC在正常呼吸情况下对门静脉血流行定量测量,接近人体生理状态,适合门静脉血流测量;正常呼吸状态屏气对肝硬化患者门静脉血流影响较正常人小,在肝硬化血流测量中,MRI Cine PC与屏气2DPCMRI法显示很好相关性。屏气2DPCMRI技术提供了一种简便、实用、相对准确的肝硬化门静脉血流测量方法。     

氯胺酮加骶管穿刺时不同体位对SPO2的影响

目的：探讨婴幼儿肌注氯胺酮后，再在不同体位下行骶管穿刺时对SPO2的影响。方法：将150例下腹部手术的婴幼儿随机分为A、B、C三组，每组50例。穿刺时体位：A组为左侧卧位，B组为俯卧位，C组为平卧位对照组，单纯肌注氯胺酮及静脉追加用药。三组患儿均采用进口惠谱多功能监护仪监测SPO2。结果：A、B两组在骶管穿刺中SPO2均有不同程度下降。B组SPO2下降更超明显，两例放弃穿刺，C组SPO2正常。结论：婴幼儿氯胺酮肌注，左侧卧位和俯卧位骶管穿刺时，SPO2明显下降。     

A short form of the Mississippi scale for measuring change in Combat-Related PTSD

In large-scale surveys or program evaluations, investigators most often wish to assess multiple domains of functioning, while at the same time minimizing the overall length of the data collection protocols. In addition, studies of treatment interventions require instruments which offer the greatest opportunity of detecting change in the variables of interest. Toward these ends, we present an 11-item version of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD. The sample was composed of 436 war zone veterans who received specialized outpatient treatment for PTSD, and who were followed up in 4-month intervals for 1 year. Items were identified for inclusion in a short scale on half of the sample. The scale was then cross-validated on the other half. This short form of the Mississippi Scale has good internal consistency, good correspondence with the full scale, significant sensitivity to change in symptom severity, and significant relationships between change and clinicians' ratings of improvement after 1 year, number of treatment sessions received and number of months in treatment.the Evaluation Division of the VA National Center for PTSD; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.     

超声引导经皮Nd:YAG激光肝组织光凝固术的基础研究

作者等采用Nd：YAG激光以2～5W输出功率，照射5～20分钟，对离体猪肝、狗肝进行了体外光凝固实验，并在超声引导下对犬、小型猪肝脏进行了经皮穿刺组织间光凝固的在体实验。激光照射中实时监测了受照组织的温度变化及其范围，观察了超声影像与肝组织改变的对应关系，对比了激光照射能量与肝组织温度变化、热损伤程度的关系。实验结果表明，超声引导下经皮Nd：YAG激光肝肿瘤凝固术是可行的，并为进一步的临床研究提供了有参考价值的实验数据。     

放射性损伤患者的心理状态研究

研究放射性损伤患者的心理状态。方法用ＭＭＰＩ和ＳＣＬ—９０对１０１名放射性损伤患者进行测查，并将测查结果与中国常模比较。结果表明放射性损伤患者有躯体症状、心境抑郁、恐怖，有记忆、睡眠、人际关系等问题及个性改变。结论提示放射性损伤患者存在心理状态和个性的改变。     

中国十六城市汉族儿童生长的长期趋势

本文报告了中国北京、天津、济南、太原、西安、兰州、沈阳、哈尔滨、上海、合肥、福州、广州、昆明、成都、长沙、武汉等１６个城市汉族７－１７岁儿童近１２年来生长的长期趋势。身高每１０年增长３．４３（男）、２．５４（女）ｃｍ，体重每１０年增长３．１３（男）、１．９７（女）Ｋｇ，下肢爆发力（立定跳远）每１０年增长１０．９２（男）、５．８３（女）ｃｍ。儿童身高的城乡差别缩小了０．９ｃｍ。发育高峰年龄提前了０．     

The dopamine-4 receptor gene associated with binge eating and weight gain in women with seasonal affective disorder: an evolutionary perspective.

BACKGROUND: We recently described a preliminary association between the hypofunctional seven-repeat allele of the dopamine-4 receptor gene (DRD4) and increased maximal lifetime body mass index in women with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). In this study, we examined whether binge eating behavior mediated this putative association. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 131 women with winter SAD who reported increased intake of high-carbohydrate/high-fat foods during depressive episodes. We compared rates of binge eating behavior in the two genotypic groups defined by the presence or absence of the seven-repeat allele of DRD4. RESULTS: Consistent with our working hypothesis, the proportion of binge eaters was significantly greater in probands with the seven-repeat allele (18 of 46, 39.1%) than in probands without this allele (14 of 85, 16.5%) [chi(2)(1)= 8.32, p = .004; odds ratio = 3.25, 95% confidence interval 1.43, 7.41]. CONCLUSIONS: Pending replication in other samples, these results point to a genetic factor that could help in the early identification and treatment of women at higher risk for seasonal weight gain associated with binge eating behavior. At a theoretic level, the current results suggest a novel link between evolutionary models of seasonal weight gain on the one hand and the DRD4 gene on the other.     

腰椎间盘纤维环病理变化与腰腿痛的相关研究

目的探讨腰椎退行性变患者椎间盘后外侧纤维环病理变化与腰腿疼痛之间的关系。方法对经手术治疗的126例伴有腰腿疼痛症状的患者进行研究,其中椎间盘突出症患者92例(93个椎间盘),盘源性腰痛症11例(11个椎间盘),腰椎滑移症16例(16个椎间盘),腰椎畸形7例(12个椎间盘)。腰痛为主要症状者45例(51个椎间盘),腿痛为主要症状者81例(81个椎间盘)。对取得的132个椎间后外侧纤维环,HE染色后进行病理形态学观察,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果病理形态学检查结果显示病变组纤维环层明显变薄,胶原纤维细胞少,排列不规则,分布不均匀;将其病理特点归纳分成为四种类型:a)纤维环中出现自内向外的血管腔隙样变化(血管腔内有或无红细胞),伴炎性细胞主要是淋巴细胞的浸润,并且有胶原纤维细胞的大量增生。b)纤维环中增生的胶原纤维排列紊乱,肿胀明显,形成结节样团状结构。c)纤维环中出现退变和增生并存的软骨样细胞,周围水肿,无淋巴细胞浸润。d)无以上三种特征性病理变化。经计数资料的χ2检验,腰痛组和腿痛组之间各病理类型构成存在差异。结论病变椎间盘纤维环的病理变化与腰腿疼痛关系密切,其中,炎症反应可能是引起腰腿疼痛的重要原因之一。     

糖尿病心血管重构

糖尿病心血管重构包括心脏和血管的改变，糖尿病心脏的病变主要是心肌及其间质的改变，血管病变包括动脉粥样硬化和微循环功能损伤，是DM致残和死亡的主要原因，也是糖尿病性心肌和血管病变的病理基础。