毛茛科植物石龙芮的化学成分研究

目的 :对毛茛科植物石龙芮Ranunculussceleratus的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定。方法 :采用溶剂提取和各种色谱法分离得到 6个化合物 ,运用多种波谱技术 (EI-MS ,¹H-NMR ,¹³C-NMR ,DEPT谱 ,NOE差谱 )鉴定其化学结构。结果 :6个化合物分别鉴定为豆甾-4-烯 3,6-二酮 (stigmasta-4- ene 3,6 dione ,Ⅰ )、豆甾醇 (stigmasterol,Ⅱ )、6 羟基 7 甲氧基香豆素 (isoscopoletin ,Ⅲ )、七叶内酯二甲醚 (scoparone,Ⅳ )、原儿茶醛 (protocatechuicaldehyde ,Ⅴ )和原儿茶酸 (protocatechuicacid ,Ⅵ )。结论 :化合物Ⅰ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅳ ,Ⅴ ,Ⅵ为首次从毛茛属植物中分离得到。     

醛、醇脱氢酶基因多态性与三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎易感性的关系

目的研究醛脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶基因多态性与三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎易感性的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,比较108例三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎病人和145例健康三氯乙烯接触工人醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)、醇脱氢酶2(ADH2)和醇脱氢酶3(ADH3)的基因多态性分布,并计算相对危险度(OR)。结果ADH2和ADH3基因型分布在病人与接触对照工人中无显著性差异;ALDH2变异型基因(ALDH2*1/*2+ALDH2*2/*2)频率在病人中显著低于接触对照工人(分别为27·8%和43·4%,P=0·011),使三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎的危险性显著降低(OR=0·50,95%CI=0·29~0·85)。结论高活性ALDH2可能是导致三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎个体易感性差异的原因之一。     

醛糖还原酶基因多态性同2型糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的：研究醛糖还原酶(AR)基因启动子区C(-12)G多态性同2型糖尿病肾病(DN)发生及发展的相关性。方法：采用PCR-RFLP技术在209例2型糖尿病和84例对照组人群中筛查该位点等位基因及基因型的频率，比较在无肾病组及肾病各组中频率的差异，以推断AR基因是否参与了肾病的发生和进展。结果：G等位基因在肾病组的分布频率是87．2％，高于无肾病组的78．1％和正常对照组的77．4％；GG基因型在肾病组的分布频率是74．4％，高于无肾病组的63．8％和正常对照组的57．1％。结论：AR基因-12位点G等位基因及GG基因型是2型DN发生的独立危险因素。     

HPLC法测定有瓜石斛中原儿茶酸的含量

目的:建立有瓜石斛中原儿茶酸的含量测定方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法.色谱柱为Zorbax SB-Aq色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液;检测波长为220nm;流速为1.0mL·min-1;柱温为30℃. 结果:原儿茶酸达到基线分离,线性关系良好(r=1.0000);平均加样回收率为101.71%,RSD为2.48%(n=6). 12批市售样品含量在0.0374~0.203mg·g-1范围内,差异相对较大. 结论:该方法灵敏,可靠,可用作有瓜石斛药材的质量评价指标之一.     

抑制羰基应激改善老龄小鼠心肌缺血预处理的保护作用

目的 本研究旨在探讨激活乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）对老龄小鼠缺血预处理（IPC）心肌保护作用的影响。通过观察成年和老龄小鼠心肌沉默信息调节因子相关酶1（SIRT1）活性在IPC过程中的差异,分析老龄鼠心肌IPC保护作用减退的可能机制。方法 成年（2月龄）和老龄（20月龄）雄性C57小鼠（每组各6只）在体给予3个5min缺血/5min再灌注循环的IPC处理后,以冠状动脉左前降支结扎缺血30min再灌注4h建立在体小鼠急性心肌I/R模型。离体心脏行Langendorff灌流给予3个循环的5min停流/5min再灌注以模拟全心IPC,同时记录心功能变化。在体或离体再灌注结束后取心肌组织检测ALDH2和SIRT1活性,及蛋白质羰基化程度。结果 与成年组相比,IPC处理并不能有效地改善衰老心肌的I/R损伤和SIRT1活性。检测心肌ALDH2活性显示,老龄鼠心肌ALDH2的活性较成年组显著降低并导致衰老心肌在I/R后出现羰基应激增强（均P＜0.05）。IPC并不能有效改善老龄鼠心肌ALDH2活性和羰基应激程度。预先激活老龄鼠心肌的ALDH2可显著抑制衰老心肌的羰基应激,改善IPC对老龄鼠I/R心肌SIRT1有激活作用（P＜0.05）,进而促进老龄鼠心肌I/R后收缩舒张功能的恢复。结论 激活心肌ALDH2可显著改善老龄鼠心肌IPC的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制羰基应激引起的SIRT1失活有关。     

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 is associated with recurrence‐free survival but not stem cell‐like properties in hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim: It has been reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (ALDH1) could be not only a normal stem cell marker but also a cancer stem cell marker. ALDH1 expression could be a predictor of poor prognosis in a wide range of cancers. However, the role of ALDH1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Method: We conducted loss‐of‐function assays for ALDH1 by using short‐hairpin RNA in HCC cells and evaluated the correlation between ALDH1 expression and clinicopathological features based on immunohistochemical assessment of 49 primary HCC tissues. Results: Neither cell proliferation nor the anchorage‐independent sphere formation ability of HCC cells were altered after ALDH1 knockdown. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that ALDH1 knockdown showed no remarkable change in the proportion of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)⁺ tumor‐initiating cells. Although non‐tumor tissues in primary HCC samples diffusely and homogenously expressed ALDH1 at low levels, tumor tissues contained cells with high levels of ALDH1 expression at varying frequencies. Primary HCC samples were categorized as ALDH1‐high or ALDH1‐low based on the percentage of ALDH1‐overexpressing cells. ALDH1‐high HCC was characterized by low serum levels of α‐fetoprotein (P < 0.01) and well‐differentiated pathology (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that high ALDH1 expression was a favorable prognostic factor in recurrence‐free survival of HCC (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our findings show that ALDH1 expression has little association with stem cell‐like features in HCC cells. ALDH1 might function as a differentiation marker rather than a stem cell marker in HCC.     

糙叶五加茎化学成分研究

目的基于脂多糖(LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7和小胶质细胞BV2为生物活性导向模型研究糙叶五加Acanthopanax henryi茎的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、制备薄层及重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,利用波谱分析结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果从糙叶五加茎甲醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲酸(1)、反式对羟基肉桂酸(2)、反式咖啡酸甲酯(3)、咖啡酸(4)、反式松柏醛(5)、丁香醛(6)、香草醛(7)、6-甲氧基-7-羟基香豆素(8)、反式芥子醛(9)、十一烷二酸单甲酯(10)、(-)-芝麻素(11)、3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(12)、5-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(13)、1,3-双咖啡酰奎宁酸(14)、1,4-双咖啡酰奎宁酸(15)、1,5-双咖啡酰奎宁酸(16)、豆甾醇(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)。结论化合物10为首次从五加科植物中分离得到;除化合物12、14、17、18外,其他化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Rapid synthesis of maleimide functionalized fluorine‐18 labeled prosthetic group using “radio‐fluorination on the Sep‐Pak” method

Following our recently published fluorine‐18 labeling method, “Radio‐fluorination on the Sep‐Pak”, we have successfully synthesized 6‐[¹⁸F]fluoronicotinaldehyde by passing a solution (1:4 acetonitrile: t‐butanol) of its quaternary ammonium salt precursor, 6‐(N,N,N‐trimethylamino)nicotinaldehyde trifluoromethanesulfonate ( 2 ), through a fluorine‐18 containing anion exchange cartridge (PS‐HCO₃). Over 80% radiochemical conversion was observed using 10 mg of precursor within 1 minute. The [¹⁸F]fluoronicotinaldehyde ([¹⁸F] 5 ) was then conjugated with 1‐(6‐(aminooxy)hexyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione to prepare the fluorine‐18 labeled maleimide functionalized prosthetic group, 6‐[¹⁸F]fluoronicotinaldehyde O‐(6‐(2,5‐dioxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)hexyl) oxime, 6‐[¹⁸F]FPyMHO ([¹⁸F] 6 ). The current Sep‐Pak method not only improves the overall radiochemical yield (50 ± 9%, decay‐corrected, n = 9) but also significantly reduces the synthesis time (from 60‐90 minutes to 30 minutes) when compared with literature methods for the synthesis of similar prosthetic groups.     

The possible mechanisms of protocatechuic acid-induced central analgesia

It is aimed to investigate the central antinociceptive effect of protocatechuic acid and the involvement of stimulation of opioidergic, serotonin 5-HT_2A/2C, α2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in protocatechuic acid-induced central analgesia in mice. Time-dependent antinociceptive effects of protocatechuic acid at the oral doses of 75, 150 and 300?mg/kg were tested in hot-plate (integrated supraspinal response) and tail-immersion (spinal reflex) tests in mice. To investigate the mechanisms of action; the mice administered 300?mg/kg protocatechuic acid (p.o.) were pre-treated with non-specific opioid antagonist naloxone (5?mg/kg, i.p.), serotonin 5-HT_2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (1?mg/kg, i.p.), α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1?mg/kg, i.p.) and non-specific muscarinic antagonist atropine (5?mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. The antinociceptive effect of protocatechuic acid was observed at the doses of 75, 150 and 300?mg/kg in tail-immersion test, at the doses of 150 and 300?mg/kg in hot-plate test at different time interval. The enhancement in the latency of protocatechuic acid-induced response to thermal stimuli was antagonized by yohimbine, naloxone and atropine in tail-immersion test, while it was antagonized only by yohimbine and naloxone pretreatments in hot-plate test. These results indicated that protocatechuic acid has the central antinociceptive action that is probably organized by spinal mediated cholinergic and opiodiergic, also spinal and supraspinal mediated noradrenergic modulation. However, further studies are required to understand how protocatechuic acid organizes the interactions of these modulatory systems. As a whole, these findings reinforce that protocatechuic acid is a potential agent that might be used for pain relief. Additionally, the clarification of the effect and mechanisms of action of protocatechuic acid will contribute to new therapeutic approaches and provide guidance for new drug development studies.     

基于传质数学模型研究丹参-枳实复方中成分存在状态与纳滤分离机制

目的基于传质数学模型,探索丹参-枳实复方中成分存在状态与纳滤分离机制。方法以原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、辛弗林为指标,进行单体成分溶液及丹参-枳实复方溶液纳滤分离,收集膜通量与指标成分截留率,基于传质模型中传质系数与溶质浓度的幂值相关性,以单一成分为参照,拟合复方溶液中成分存在状态,探讨纳滤分离机制。结果分离压力与膜通量呈正性相关,指标成分在单体溶液和复方溶液中传质系数与浓度幂值相关性高,回归系数均大于0.98,纳滤传质模型成立。通过单一成分传质特征构建复方溶液中成分状态解析模式,丹参-枳实复方溶液中指标成分以复合态存在的比例为原儿茶醛26.17%、迷迭香酸79.87%、丹酚酸B89.15%,辛弗林96.92%。结论构建了复方溶液的成分存在状态解析模式,阐明了丹参-枳实复方提取液纳滤分离机制,为中药成分分离精制提供技术支撑。