延髓血管压迫致高血压的犬模型

为制备延髓血管压迫致高血压模型,将１２只杂种犬随机均分为模型组和对照组,采用带蒂大网膜移植法,将裁剪好的大网膜经皮下隧道移植至左侧延髓腹外侧及Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经入脑干区（ＲＥＺ）,利用大网膜与延髓表面蛛网膜及软脑膜间形成的血管吻合,造成延髓血管压迫;对照组犬的大网膜移植于其小脑表面。结果,模型组术后血压较术前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,对照组血压无明显改变,提示原发性高血压与左侧延髓腹外侧受血管压迫有关。     

<伤寒论>栀子豉汤证治剖析

《伤寒论》中以栀子豉汤为代表方的栀子豉汤类方,由于在理论上对其证治缺乏充分的认识,致使在临床上不能如桂枝剂、柴胡剂等经方那样发挥其应有的作用。本文提出栀子豉汤所治主证是热郁胃中所致的“心中懊”而非热扰胸膈的“虚烦”,而“心中懊”实乃胃中嘈杂。并进而分析了从热郁胃中至阳明腑实证与阳明湿热发黄证之间存在的内在病机演变过程,指出栀子豉汤是治疗阳明热证之第一法。     

原发性高血压病人血压昼夜节律变化与心率变异的相关分析

为探讨原发性高血压患者的血压昼夜节律的变化与心率变异的关系,对６５例原发性高血压患者进行了２４ｈ动态血压监测,用时域分析法对心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）各项指标进行了检测,并与３８例正常对照比较。结果：代表心率总变异程度的ＳＤＮＮ（２４ｈ正常ＲＲ间期标准差）,ＳＤＡＮＮＩ（２４ｈ５ｍｉｎ平均ＲＲ间期标准差）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。按照夜间血压下降百分率将原发性高血压病人分为节律消失组、节律正常组,并分别与正常对照组比较,发现节律消失组ＨＲＶ各项指标下降更为显著,ＳＤＮＮ、ＳＤＡＮＮＩ、ＳＤＮＮＩ（２４ｈ５ｍｉｎ正常ＲＲ间期标准差均值）不但显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,也显著低于节律正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。说明在原发性高血压患者中,节律消失者的心脏自主神经系统功能损害更为严重。     

高血压大鼠视网膜组织Ca2+-ATP酶组织化学及卡托普利终身治疗的观察

目的探讨高血压视网膜病变的发病机制及卡托普利防治高血压视网膜病的治疗机制. 方法 应用光镜定量酶组织化学方法对正常京都种大鼠(正常组),自发性高血压大鼠(高血压组)和卡托普利终身用药治疗的自发性高血压大鼠(用药组)的视网膜组织的Ca2+-ATP酶的分布和活性进行定量观察. 结果 Ca2+-ATP酶在正常组大鼠视网膜组织中主要分布在杆锥细胞层内节、外核层和节细胞神经纤维层,上述三层Ca2+-ATP酶活性(U/μm2)分别为0.662±0.014, 0.665±0.018和0.525±0.021,在高血压组大鼠视网膜组织中,各层Ca2+-ATP酶活性下降,三层Ca2+-ATP酶活性分别为0.610±0.017, 0.598±0.014和0.481±0.010;在用药组大鼠视网膜组织中,Ca2+-ATP酶活性较高血压组增强,三层Ca2+-ATP酶活性分别为0.650±0.016, 0.650±0.014, 0.519±0.022.结论 Ca2+-ATP酶活性下降,细胞内液Ca2+浓度增加是高血压视网膜病变的原因之一;卡托普利防治高血压视网膜病的机制与增强Ca2+-ATP酶和降低细胞内Ca2+浓度有关.     

氧化镁对高血压病人血压及胰岛素敏感性的影响

①目的　观察氧化镁对高血压病人血压及胰岛素敏感性的影响。②方法　将６０ 例原发性高血压病人随机分为两组。对照组给予硝苯地平缓释片治疗,治疗组加服氧化镁粉。治疗９０ｄ,观察血压、血清葡萄糖（ＳＧ）、胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）及Ｃ肽（ＣＰ）变化,并计算ＣＰ／ＩＮＳ及胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）。③结果　治疗组治疗后收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、ＩＮＳ及ＣＰ降低,ＩＳＩ增高,与治疗前比较差异有极显著性（ｔ＝ ４．１１～１７．５８,Ｐ均＜ ０．００１）;ＳＧ,ＣＰ／ＩＮＳ治疗前后比较差异无显著性（ｔ＝ ０．７８,１．３７,Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。对照组治疗后ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ降低（ｔ＝ １７．５０,１２．７０,Ｐ＜０．００１）;ＩＮＳ,ＣＰ,ＩＳＩ,ＳＧ及ＣＰ／ＩＮＳ均无显著变化（ｔ＝ ０．７８～１．５９,Ｐ 均＞ ０．０５）。与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ,ＩＮＳ,ＣＰ降低及ＩＳＩ增高更显著（ｔ＝ ２．０９～８．８６,Ｐ＜ ０．０５,０．０１）;ＳＧ,ＣＰ／ＩＮＳ差异无显著性（ｔ＝ １．１９,０．５２,Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。④结论　氧化镁可有效降低高血压病人的血压,改善其胰岛素敏感性。     

国产卡维地洛治疗高血压病的临床研究

采用开放试验与随机、双盲、双模拟平行对照方法观察国产卡维地洛（Ｃｖ）对原发性高血压病人的疗效,并与国产阿替洛尔（Ａｔ）作对比。Ｃｖ开放试验组３０例中显效２０例（６６７％）,有效６例（２００％）,总有效率２６例（８６７％）;随机双盲双模拟组中Ａ组（Ｃｖ组）２５例中总有效２１例（８４０％）,Ｂ组（Ａｔ）２５例中总有效１８例（７２０％）。治疗４周前后血压下降幅值各组差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。不良反应少而轻。提示国产Ｃｖ系一安全有效的抗高血压病药物。     

高血压、冠心病患者血浆组织因子及组织因子途径抑制物活性变化

目的：观测高血压及冠心病患者血浆ＴＦ活性与ＴＦＰＩ活性的变化。方法：采用二步法测定血浆ＴＦ活性;以Ｓａｎｄｓｅｔ发色底物法测定ＴＦＰＩ活性。结果：高血压与冠心病患者血浆ＴＦ与ＴＦＰＩ活性均高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：凝血功能亢进可能参与了高血压、冠心病形成,提示血浆ＴＦ和ＴＦＰＩ活性测定值可作为高血压、冠心病辅助性诊断指标。     

吉林省吸血蠓昼夜活动节律观察

笔者对吉林省8种优势种群吸血蠓的昼夜活动节律进行了观察.结果表明:华库蠓、孔库蠓、伊库蠓、原野库蠓、亚单带库蠓、淡角库蠓属于晨昏活动型蠓种;明边库蠓属于夜间活动型蠓种;浑江铗蠓属于白天活动型蠓种.     

Recent advances in dementia research in Japan: Alzheimer-type dementia

In a previous article, recent reports by Japanese researchers on non-Alzheimer-type degenerative dementias were reviewed. In the present article, recent Japanese reports on Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) are reviewed. Alzheimer-type dementia has received great attention and has been studied from various viewpoints in Japan as well as in Europe and the Americas. In Japan, although it was believed that vascular dementia was the most frequent dementia in the elderly, ATD has recently been shown to be the most predominant type of dementia. Such a great number of papers on ATD have been reported in Japan that mainly the clinical, neuropathological, biochemical and molecular biological research papers alone are reviewed here.     

Right axillary arterial perfusion for a ruptured type B aortic dissection: Report of a case

The results of surgical treatment for a ruptured type B aortic dissection remain far from satisfactory. It is believed that additional perfusion from the right axillary artery might be more beneficial than perfusion from only the femoral artery during surgery for a ruptured thoracic aneurysm. The right axillary perfusion is more likely to perfuse the vital organs proximal to the ruptured area, and thus avoid retrograde emboli. In addition, if the open proximal method is performed, then the right axillary perfusion is able to facilitate the evacuation of air from the aortic lumen. We present herein the case of a patient in whom a ruptured type B acute aortic dissection was successfully treated by applying right axillary perfusion through a left thoracotomy.