Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MR imaging: Prediction of hepatic fibrosis stages using liver contrast enhancement index and liver‐to‐spleen volumetric ratio

Purpose:

To develop and evaluate a quantitative parameter for staging hepatic fibrosis by contrast enhancement signal intensity and morphological measurements from gadoxetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced MR imaging.

Materials and Methods:

MR images were obtained in 93 patients; 75 patients had histopathologically proven hepatic fibrosis and 18 patients who had healthy livers were evaluated. The liver‐to‐muscle signal intensity ratio (SI_post = SIliver/SImuscle), contrast enhancement index (CEI = SIpost/SIpre), and liver‐to‐spleen volumetric ratio (VR = Vliver/Vspleen) were evaluated for staging hepatic fibrosis.

Results:

VR was most strongly correlated with fibrosis stage (7.21; r = ?0.83; P < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve demonstrated by linear regression formula generated by VR and CEI in predicting fibrous scores were 100%, 73%, and 0.91, respectively, for the detection of hepatic fibrosis F1 or greater (≥ F1),100%, 87%, and 0.96 for ≥ F2, 74%, 98%, and 0.93 for ≥ F3 and 91%, 100%, and 0.97 for F4.

Conclusion:

The liver‐to‐spleen volumetric ratio and contrast enhancement index were reliable biomarkers for the staging of hepatic fibrosis on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MR imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1148–1153. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

     

磷丙泊酚钠后处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及bcl-2/bax蛋白表达的影响

目的研究磷丙泊酚钠后处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法 48只Sprague-Dawley大鼠,随机分4组,即假手术组（S组）、对照组（C组）、丙泊酚组（P组）、磷丙泊酚钠组（F组）。每组再根据再灌注2 h或4 h分为2个亚组,分别为S2h、C2h、P2h、F2h亚组和S4h、C4h、P4h、F4h亚组,每个亚组6只大鼠。肝脏缺血1 h后恢复再灌注,S组和C组再灌注开始给予生理盐水静脉泵注,P组给予丙泊酚静脉泵注,F组给予磷丙泊酚钠静脉泵注。于肝脏缺血1 h和再灌注结束后,取血测定血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）,同时取左肝石蜡包埋切片测定B淋巴细胞瘤/白血病-2（bcl-2）蛋白、bcl-2相关X蛋白（bax）含量,苏木精-伊红染色后观察形态学,计数坏死肝细胞比例评价损伤程度。结果 C2h、P2h、F2h和C4h、P4h、F4h亚组血清ALT、AST值,坏死细胞比例和肝组织bcl-2和bax蛋白含量分别高于S2h、S4h亚组（P〈0.05）,P2h、F2h和P4h、F4h亚组ALT、AST值、坏死细胞比例和肝组织bax蛋白含量低于C2h、C4h亚组（P〈0.05）,bcl-2蛋白含量分别高于C2h、C4h亚组（P〈0.05）。结论磷丙泊酚钠对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其保护机制可能和调控bcl-2、bax蛋白的表达有关。     

进口与国产培美曲塞二钠治疗非小细胞肺癌分析

目的探讨进口与国产培美曲塞二钠治疗非小细胞肺癌的效果。方法选取本院非小细胞肺癌患者91例,其中45例采用国产培美曲塞二钠治疗为对照组,46例采用进口培美曲塞二钠治疗为观察组,比较临床疗效、毒副反应、药物经济学成本效果。结果观察组有效率、疾病控制率、成本效果比均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组毒副反应发生率均低于对照组,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论进口培美曲塞二钠治疗非小细胞肺癌的毒副反应小,成本效果性好,优于国产培美曲塞二钠。     

无载体色甘酸钠粉雾剂的研究——处方设计及粉体性质的研究

应用喷雾干燥技术使色甘酸钠（ＳＣＧ）与非离子型表面活性剂Ｆ１０８及分散剂Ａ形成共沉，制备无载体的ＳＣＧ粉雾剂。比较了喷雾干燥和机械粉碎微粉化技术的差异，进行了粉体流动性、荷电性及吸湿住的测定。     

色甘酸二钠抗大鼠肝纤维化作用的实验研究

目的　研究整合素α4β1及其 2个天然配体血管细胞粘附分子 1(VCAM 1)和纤维连接蛋白 (FN)在大鼠实验性肝纤维化时肥大细胞 (MC)募集过程中的意义以及色甘酸二钠 (DC)对防治肝纤维化的可能作用。方法　用 80只雄性SD大鼠制作CCl4诱导的肝纤维化模型 ,在光镜和电镜下观察MC与纤维组织的关系 ,应用免疫组化检测肝组织中整合素α4β1、VCAM 1及FN的表达。其中用 2 0只在造模前 30min给予腹腔注射DC 2 0mg/kg ,并与模型组、正常组的Ⅰ型及Ⅲ型胶原对比。结果　①随着肝纤维化进展 ,大鼠肝组织中MC数量相应增加 ;② 76 4 %MCs呈整合素α4β1阳性表达 ;③肝组织中血管内皮细胞和肝窦内皮细胞VCAM 1呈阳性表达 ;④汇管区和小叶间隔内沉积大量阳性表达的FN。⑤DC组与模型组Ⅰ型及Ⅲ型胶原的表达差异有显著性意义 ,P <0 0 5。结论　整合素α4β1及其 2个配体VCAM 1和FN是大鼠肝纤维化过程中MC募集的重要因子 ;MC与肝纤维化有着密切的关系。DC在预防肝纤维化发生及其进展中有一定的作用。     

高效液相色谱法分析鉴定调味品及其原料中肌苷酸钠和鸟苷酸钠

分别选用ＮＨ２柱和ＯＤＳ柱，采用两种高效液相色谱分离模式，建立了调味品及其原料中肌苷酸钠和鸟苷酸钠的定量分析和定性鉴定的方法。方法简便易行，准确可靠。     

荧光淬灭法测定羟乙磷酸二钠的含量

建立了荧光淬灭法测定羟乙磷酸二钠（ＥＨＤＰ）的含量，激发波长４００ｎｍ，检测波长５００ｎｍ。大本实验条件下线性范围０．３～０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｒ＝－０．９９９２，回收率９８．７６％～１００．５％，（ｎ＝６），ＲＳＤ小于１．３６％，日内和日间ＲＳＤ分别为０．６４％和２．５７％。     

磷酸单对硝基苯酚酯二钠盐中游离正磷酸的测定

磷酸单对硝基苯酚酯二钠盐(O_2NC_6H_4OP(=O)(ONa)_2·6H_20,4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate,pNPP)在生物化学中既是酸性或碱性磷酸酯     

三磷酸腺苷二钠盐增强蟾蜍离体单一肌梭传入放电频率

目的:探讨三磷酸腺苷二钠盐(Na2ATP)对肌梭传入放电的影响。方法:用蟾蜍缝匠肌制备单一肌梭标本,以空气隔绝法记录36例蟾蜍单一肌梭的传入放电,分别观察50mg·L-1、100mg·L-1和200mg·L-1Na2ATP注射液对肌梭传入放电的影响。结果:应用不同剂量Na2ATP后,肌梭的传入放电频率分别由(0·84±0·15)Hz、(0·85±0·13)Hz和(0·87±0·12)Hz增加至(20·83±2·48)Hz、(31·50±3·03)Hz和(47·33±4·08)Hz。结论:Na2ATP注射液可使肌梭的传入放电频率明显增加,且呈时间-剂量依赖关系。     

Antisickling agents: Effects of carbamyl phosphate or cyanate on survival,erythrocytes, and leucocytes in the mouse

Equal mole doses of the anions of disodium carbamyl phosphate (carbamyl P) or sodium cyanate, antisickling agents, have been compared in C57B1 mice. Using 15 mice per group, two groups were given the equivalent ip dose of carbamyl P or cyanate anion (7 mmoles/kg/day) in a divided dose, in the morning and six hours later, for 17–18 days. The control group received sodium chloride (13.8 mmoles of Na⁺ or C1⁻/kg/day). Surviving mice per group were sodium chloride, 15/15; disodium carbamyl P, 14/15; and sodium cyanate, 0/15, all mice died by day 2. Surviving mice appeared normal throughout the study, and no abnormalities were seen at necropsy. The hematologic measurements were the same for sodium chloride or disodium carbamyl P, including hemoglobin, packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, leucocyte counts, and differential counts. The mean hemoglobin carbamylation was 1.24 (±0.06 SE) moles of valine hydantoin/mole of hemoglobin tetramer in mice receiving disodium carbamyl P for 18 days, sufficient for antisickling activity. The enzymatic degradation of carbamyl P to NH₃, CO₂, and P_i was measured in serial blood samples in additional C57B1 and DBA/2J mice following ip injections of carbamyl P or cyanate. Both NH₃ and P_i increased immediately after giving carbamyl P, but no increase occurred after cyanate administration. Thus enzymatic degradation of carbamyl P occurs in vivo and appears to be an important detoxification mechanism. When equivalent mole doses of anion are administered, disodium carbamyl P is less toxic than sodium cyanate in mice.