重楼提取物抗骨肉瘤作用及机制研究

目的探讨重楼提取物(PPEE)抗骨肉瘤作用及其机制。方法不同质量浓度的PPEE处理骨肉瘤细胞,采用MTT法、Hoechst 33342染色、流式细胞术、Matrigel培养、免疫印迹法分别检测细胞增殖抑制率、细胞凋亡、细胞周期、血管生成拟态(VM)形成及相关蛋白表达情况。裸鼠移植瘤模型观察PPEE的体内抑瘤效果。结果 PPEE对骨肉瘤细胞半数抑制浓度(IC50)为10～60μg/m L,对成骨细胞增殖影响较小。PPEE可浓度依赖性地将骨肉瘤143B细胞阻滞在G2/M期,上调细胞周期相关蛋白p-CDK1、p-Cdc25C、p-Chk2表达,下调cyclinB1表达;促进细胞凋亡,上调cleavedCaspase-3、8、9和PARP表达,上调Bax/Bcl-2;抑制细胞体外VM形成,下调FAK、Mig-7、MMP-2和MMP-9表达。体内实验显示PPEE能明显抑制骨肉瘤生长和体内VM形成,延长荷瘤裸鼠生存期。结论 PPEE在体内外均具有良好的抗骨肉瘤活性,其作用机制可能与诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期及破坏骨肉瘤VM形成有关。     

接种时期对丛枝菌根真菌侵染的滇重楼幼苗生长发育及甾体皂苷含量的影响

目的研究不同接种时期对丛枝菌根(AM)真菌侵染的滇重楼幼苗生长发育及重楼皂苷含量的影响,为栽培驯化出高品质的滇重楼奠定基础。方法采用HPLC测定不同接种时期滇重楼中重楼皂苷I、II、VI、VII的含量;采用曲利苯蓝染色法、紫外分光光度法等方法对不同接种时期及不同AM真菌组合的滇重楼的侵染率、生理指标、根茎生物量等进行分析。结果不同接种时期的AM真菌侵染率较强,保护酶活性、光合色素和可溶性糖含量提高,可溶性蛋白无明显变化,丙二醛含量降低,滇重楼幼苗的抗逆性提高,生长发育良好;栽培种源1年实生苗(2015年8月采收,T7时期)的品质相对较低,栽培种源1年实生苗(2015年6月、7月采收,T5、T6时期)的与栽培种源2年实生苗(2015年8月采收,T8时期)的品质最佳;不同的AM真菌混合组中,S2、S3和S6处理组的效果更佳。结论接种时期对AMF侵染的滇重楼幼苗生长发育及重楼皂苷含量存在一定的影响。     

Anglo-French neurological interactions in the 19th and early 20th centuries: Societies and Journals

We have reviewed seminal interactions between British and French physicians prior to and following the establishment of the Paris and London Schools of Neurology from the mid-19th to the early 20th centuries. Our first article focused on British and French physicians, places and events. In this second part of our review we have examined the interactions between British and French Neurological Societies and Journals, including: (1) The Neurological Society of London founded in 1886, which became the Section of Neurology of the Royal Society of Medicine; (2) The Société de Neurologie de Paris founded in 1899, later renamed as The Société Française de Neurologie; (3) The journal Brain and its precursors and successors; (4) The journal Revue Neurologique and its precursors. We illustrate the constructive influence of Anglo-French interactions on the early development of neurology by the distinguished physicians who were corresponding members respectively of the British and French Neurological Societies and the scientific articles published by French authors in Brain and by British scientists in Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtrière, Archives de Neurologie and Revue Neurologique.     

武当山区栽培重楼根茎与须根中九种重楼皂苷含量比较

目的：比较武当山区栽培重楼根茎与须根中九种重楼皂苷含量,考察皂苷类次生代谢产物在重楼不同生长部位的分布情况,为重楼药材综合开发利用、节约资源提供参考。方法采集武当山区种植基地里重楼药材样本,采用高效液相色谱法测定各个样本中九种重楼皂苷的含量。结果七叶一枝花(华重楼)和云南重楼(滇重楼)中皂苷成分在根茎与须根中均有分布。多叶重楼、长药隔重楼、狭叶重楼、宽叶重楼等须根中含有部分皂苷成分,但根茎中皂苷含量非常低。结论重楼须根与重楼根茎有一定的化学等同性,建议重楼须根作为中成药原料使用。     

毛重楼叶绿体基因组序列特征及其系统发育分析

目的获取毛重楼Parismairei叶绿体基因组信息特征并对其系统位置进行研究。方法采用Illumination测序技术对毛重楼叶绿体基因组进行测序,对其进行组装、注释和特征分析,并构建最大似然(maximumlikelihood,ML)系统发育树。结果毛重楼叶绿体基因组大小为163 918 bp,总GC含量为37.05%,大单拷贝区(large single-copy,LSC)、小单拷贝区(smallsingle-copyregion,SSC)分别为84173、13054bp,反向互补重复区(invertedrepeats,IR)大小为33296bp,共编码113个基因,包括79个蛋白质编码基因,30个t RNA基因和4个r RNA基因。在系统进化树中,重楼属Paris L.与藜芦科(Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh.)关系较近,与百合科(Liliaceae Juss.)关系较远。结论 LSC区和SSC区序列变异高于IR区;相较于重楼属,毛重楼与蚤休组的亲缘关系最近,应将毛重楼归属为蚤休组;相较于百合科,毛重楼与藜芦科藜芦属亲缘关系更近,应将蚤休组从百合科中独立,归属为藜芦科。     

Laboratory investigation into optimal temperature for plaster of Paris application

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between heat generated and time taken to reach maximum temperature when creating plaster of Paris casts, in relation to dipping water temperature and plaster slab thickness. Methods: The study was conducted in a laboratory setting. A standard procedure for dipping, draining, layering and covering plaster slabs was developed. A standard temperature measurement and data‐recording method was applied. Variables tested were dipping water temperature (25, 30, 40, 50°C) and plaster slab thickness (10‐ply and 15‐ply). Results: Mean maximum temperature varied between 31.9 and 41.7°C, and was proportional to dipping water temperature and plaster slab thickness. Mean time to maximum temperature varied between 1216 and 728 s, and was inversely proportional to dipping water temperature and directly proportional to plaster slab thickness. All means were significantly different (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Increasing dipping water temperature and number of layers of plaster when making plaster slabs significantly increases temperature of plaster setting. These data are important for an understanding of optimum conditions for safer cast application. The present study highlights the need for further research in this area.     

不同丛枝菌根真菌组合对滇重楼光合生理和化学成分的影响

目的:研究接种不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌组合对滇重楼幼苗的生长发育和入药品质的影响,为培育优质滇重楼药材提供参考。方法:通过室温盆栽接种试验方法,在灭菌栽培土壤中分别接种9组不同AM真菌组合,以不接种为空白组,观察不同AM真菌组合对滇重楼幼苗的根系侵染率、光合参数、生理指标及化学成分等的影响。结果:接种外源AM真菌组合显著增加滇重楼根际土壤中的孢子密度、根系AM真菌的侵染率和侵染强度,以及根内琥珀酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;与空白组相比,不同AM真菌处理组对滇重楼叶片叶绿素含量、丙二醛、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶活性等均有不同程度的提高;接种混合AM真菌可以诱导滇重楼次生代谢过程的变化,总皂苷含量在T1至T2时期呈上升趋势,T2至T4时期急速减少,到T5时期有所提高。结论:不同混合AM真菌能与滇重楼根系形成良好的共生关系,提高菌根生活力,增强滇重楼对外界不利环境的抗逆性,促进滇重楼的生长发育以及提高根茎品质。从综合接种效应来看S5,S8,S9组AM真菌组合效果最佳,为滇重楼菌根生物技术的运用提供了参考价值。     

须根自然腐解对滇重楼生长及其活性成分含量的影响

目的 研究添加外源性须根在自然腐解条件下对滇重楼生长发育和入药品质的影响。方法 通过室温盆栽试验,研究不同须根施用量自然腐解对滇重楼根系菌根侵染率、生理生化指标以及重楼皂苷含量的影响。结果 施加不同须根量自然腐解处理对滇重楼根系丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的侵染率无显著性影响,与侵染强度存在部分显著性差异;滇重楼叶片光合色素含量随须根施用量的增加显著降低,叶绿素总量最大降幅达78.7%;滇重楼叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量总体呈上升趋势,3种保护酶活性反应程度不同,过氧化物酶和丙二醛最大增幅达181.6%和200.0%;在滇重楼根系中上述6种成分含量有不同程度减少,过氧化物酶和丙二醛最大降幅达44.6%和69.7%;不同须根处理会降低滇重楼活性成分的含量,4种皂苷总含量降幅最大达58.9%,总皂苷含量最大降幅达46.9%。结论 须根自然腐解会影响滇重楼的根系土壤微生物环境、减少滇重楼叶片光合色素含量和破坏滇重楼细胞稳定性等,干扰滇重楼的生长发育,降低其药用成分含量,导致滇重楼发生连作障碍。     

Paris saponin VII inhibits growth of colorectal cancer cells through Ras signaling pathway

Dysregulation of the Ras signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of colorectal cancer. When bound to GTP, Ras is activated and stimulates several downstream effectors’ pathways, including the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade, the PI3-kinase/AKT/mTor pathway, and the Ral GTPase pathway. Saponins extracted from Liliaceae family herbs have strong antitumor activities with low toxicity. In this study, Paris saponin VII (PSVII), isolated from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., was evaluated on human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29 and SW-620), a mouse model of colitis associated colorectal cancer (CACC) and a murine model of xenograft tumor. It was found that PSVII inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of PSVII for growth inhibition of HT-29 and SW-620 cells were 1.02 ± 0.05 μM and 4.90 ± 0.23 μM. It could induce cell apoptosis, together with cell cycle arrest in G₁ phase, and trigger apoptosis in a caspase-3-dependent manner. PSVII-induced growth inhibitory effect was associated with disturbance of MAPK pathway by down-regulating MEK1/2, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and suppression of AKT pathway by reducing AKT and GSK-3β phosphorylation. In the CACC mouse model, PSVII protected mice from intestinal toxicities and carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In the model of xenograft tumor, PSVII remarkably decreased the xenograft tumor size and triggered the apoptosis of tumor cells. Both in vitro and in vivo study showed that PSVII inhibited Ras activity. Taken together, PSVII might be a potential therapeutic reagent for colorectal cancer through targeting Ras signaling pathway.