Volatile compounds in the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) possess antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify phytochemicals with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity from the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea. The plant crude extract was fractionated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography techniques, initially with ethyl acetate (EA) and subsequently with a combination of ethyl acetate/methanol/water (EMW). Further fractionation and identification of the phytoconstituents was achieved by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the fractions and compounds was evaluated against five metronidazole- and clarithromycin-resistant strains of H. pylori as well as a reference strain ATCC 43526 using the microbroth dilution technique. Amoxicillin was included in the experiments as a positive control antibiotic. Of the 18 fractions collected, 16 demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity with 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC₅₀) values ranging from 310 μg/mL to 2500 μg/mL. Two of the fractions (EMW fraction 6 and EA fraction 1) revealed the presence of 5 and 24 compounds, respectively, representing 40.5% and 86.57% of the total composition. Most of the compounds were essential oils, with terpinen-4-ol being the most abundant agent (35.83%), followed by pyrrolidine (32.15%), aromadendrene (13.63%) and α-gurjunene (8.77%). MIC₅₀ ranges for amoxicillin, terpinen-4-ol and pyrrolidine were 0.0003-0.06 μg/mL, 0.004-0.06 μg/mL and 0.005-6.3 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of terpinen-4-ol and pyrrolidine were similar to amoxicillin (P > 0.05). Most of these compounds are being reported in this plant for the first time and may represent new sources of therapeutically useful compounds against H. pylori.     

正交设计法在药物制备工艺研究中的应用

正交设计法能使药物制剂工艺研究尽可能减少试验的次数,正交表是合理安排试验和数据分析的主要工具,由此可获得满意的试验结果。     

前胡药材的质量状况考察

目的:考察前胡药材的质量状况。方法:收集不同产地和生长年限的5种前胡药材,根据2010年版《中国药典》中方法,鉴别其性状、显微特征,并测定水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、挥发油以及白花前胡甲素、白花前胡乙素的含量。结果:前胡的浸出物、挥发油以及白花前胡甲素、白花前胡乙素的含量与其性状特征、木化程度存在一定的关联性和规律性。结论:应进行更广泛的取样分析,为科学制订前胡药材质量标准,指导药材生产提供参考。     

白英不同药用部位不同生长期薯蓣皂苷元含量分布规律的研究

目的:探讨白英不同药用部位不同生长期薯蓣皂苷元的含量分布规律。方法:分别于5、6、7、8、9、10、11月份采集白英的根、茎、叶、果等药用部位作为样品,采用高效液相色谱法测定样品中薯蓣皂苷元的含量。色谱柱为Agilent ZorbaxODSC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(93∶7,V/V),流速为1.0mL·min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为203nm。结果:薯蓣皂苷元的检测浓度在0.0525～1.0500mg·mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9994);平均加样回收率为100.53%,RSD=1.62%(n=6)。白英根中薯蓣皂苷元的含量最高,平均为1.216mg·g-1,其次依次为果实、下部茎、叶、上部茎;白英根、叶中的薯蓣皂苷元含量8月份最高,上、下部茎含量9月份最高,果实含量10月份最高。结论:白英不同药用部位不同生长期薯蓣皂苷元的含量差别较大,以8、9月份采收质量较好。     

DNA分析技术及其在药用植物分析中的应用

DNA分析技术作为一种先进的遗传标记已被广泛应用于药用植物品种及亲缘关系的鉴定、道地性、资源评定、多样性保护、辅助育种等方面的研究中,对于药用植物的开发、利用及保护起到了重要的作用。     

DNA分子标记技术在中药鉴定学中的应用

DNA分子标记技术是近年来发展起来的一种新的分子生物学技术.本文介绍了几种DNA分子标记技术的基本原理和特点,概述了近年来该技术在药用植物鉴别中的应用进展,并展望了其应用前景.     

制药工程专业药物化学课程教学方法探讨

制药工程是工科化工制药类专业,其目标是培养具备制药工程方面知识,在医药、农药、精细化工和生物化工等工程领域从事医药产品的生产、科技开发、应用研究和经营管理等方面的高级工程技术人才。本文针对制药工程专业的特点,通过实例分析,阐述了药物化学课堂教学方法的探索与思考。在如何处理知识断层问题、教材和讲授内容的选取、有效利用国家精品课程资源、建立与学生的良好互动方面做了较为详细的叙述。     

研究性学习在药用植物学教学中的应用

目的 提高药用植物学教学质量,研究新方法在药用植物学教学中的作用.方法 选取54名2010级药物制剂班学生,分为研究性学习教学法与传统教学法两组,并给予相应的教学方法.课程结束后采用统一试卷进行考试以评价教学效果,采用主持与参与课题、发表论文、参与竞赛来评价和量化科研能力,并对学生进行问卷调查以评价学生的学习态度及学习动力.结果 研究性学习教学法组理论考试成绩、科研能力、学习态度及学习动力均显著优于传统教学法组,差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.05）.结论 研究性学习在药用植物学的教学中值得进一步研究和推广.     

Valeriana officinalis does not alter the orofacial dyskinesia induced by haloperidol in rats: role of dopamine transporter

Chronic treatment with classical neuroleptics in humans can produce a serious side effect, known as tardive dyskinesia (TD). Here, we examined the effects of V. officinalis, a medicinal herb widely used as calming and sleep-promoting, in an animal model of orofacial dyskinesia (OD) induced by long-term treatment with haloperidol. Adult male rats were treated during 12 weeks with haloperidol decanoate (38 mg/kg, i.m., each 28 days) and with V. officinalis (in the drinking water). Vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), locomotor activity and plus maze performance were evaluated. Haloperidol treatment produced VCM in 40% of the treated rats and the concomitant treatment with V. officinalis did not alter either prevalence or intensity of VCMs. The treatment with V. officinalis increased the percentage of the time spent on open arm and the number of entries into open arm in the plus maze test. Furthermore, the treatment with haloperidol and/or V. officinalis decreased the locomotor activity in the open field test. We did not find any difference among the groups when oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Haloperidol treatment significantly decreased [(3)H]-dopamine uptake in striatal slices and V. officinalis was not able to prevent this effect. Taken together, our data suggest a mechanism involving the reduction of dopamine transport in the maintenance of chronic VCMs in rats. Furthermore, chronic treatment with V. officinalis seems not produce any oxidative damage to central nervous system (CNS), but it also seems to be devoid of action to prevent VCM, at least in the dose used in this study.     

罐疗之药罐研究——药罐疗法临床应用探要

本文系统介绍了中国针灸学会刺络与拔罐专业委员会关于药罐疗法的罐具、操作要领等,并对近三十年来关于药罐疗法的相关文献适应症进行了归纳,旨在整理药罐疗法所用罐具,药罐种类,操作方法,适应症,以及拔罐部位和所用药物,以期对药罐疗法的临床应用状况有个整体认识,为药罐疗法更有效地在临床运用提供思路和方法。