晚期肝硬化肝脏MR灌注成像的灌注量化分析

目的:使用动态增强MR成像技术获得的肝灌注系数(HPI),评价其在反映肝移植前晚期肝硬化患者肝脏血供特点中的价值。方法:使用1.5T MR扫描仪对100例正常肝脏组和57例晚期肝硬化患者移植前的受体肝脏进行快速团注对比剂(Gd-DTPA)后的斜冠状断面单层2D SPGR序列的MR灌注成像检查,比较对照组和肝硬化组门静脉和肝实质的时间-信号强度变化曲线(TIC)特点及峰值时间。根据腹腔干水平腹主动脉和门静脉主干的TIC为参照设置时间参数,计算受检者肝脏实质动脉期和静脉期的正增强系数(PEI)。设定肝灌注系数(HPI)=动脉期PEI/(动脉期PEI 门脉期PEI)×100%。对两组受检者HPI进行统计分析,根据HPI的受试者工作特性曲线(receiver operator characteristiccurve,ROCcurve)选择诊断肝硬化的HPI参考标准。结果:对照组及肝硬化组门静脉曲线峰值时间分别为(38.66±4.14)s和(55.51±5.31)s,P<0.01;肝实质TIC峰值时间分别为(56.24±4.47)s和(81.39±7.02)s,P<0.01;对照组及肝硬化组肝实质的HPI分别为(18.9±3.5)%和(26.4±5.5)%,P<0.01;应用HPI>21.6%为诊断肝硬化的标准,敏感度为86%,特异度为85%,阳性预测值为77%,阴性预测值为91%,诊断符合率为85%。结论:MR灌注成像技术可以在活体状态下无创分析肝内血供,此技术可用于评估晚期肝硬化患者肝移植前肝脏内的血流灌注。     

Regulation of fibroblast-induced collagen gel contraction by interleukin-1β

Fibroblasts incorporated within collagen gels induce a cell-mediated contraction of the gel to form a three-dimensional, tissue-like structure by a mechanism thought to mimic wound contraction in vivo . In this study a gel contraction model was used to investigate the ability of fibroblasts derived from adult gingiva, adult skin and fetal skin to organise a collagen matrix. In addition the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on the contraction process was also investigated. Over the concentration range 5-50 U/ml, IL-1β induced a statistically significant inhibition of gel contraction in all fibroblast cell types ( P <0.05), although fetal fibroblasts appeared least responsive and gingival fibroblasts most responsive to the inhibitory effects of this cytokine. Comparison of gel contraction by the different fibroblast strains indicated that fetal and gingival fibroblasts shared similar contraction kinetics. For the adult skin fibroblasts, three of five strains studied showed significantly diminished levels of gel contraction compared to fetal and gingival cells. This apparent difference in fibroblast phenotype may, at least in part, explain the fetal-like wound healing pattern seen in the oral mucosa.     

New stand magnifiers do not meet rated levels of performance

A new range of stand magnifiers has been released by the COIL company in the United Kingdom. Examination of these magnifiers reveals that they fail to deliver the rated magnifications labelled prominently on the appliances, as a result of the manufacturer's conformance with the requirements of the German DIN standard and the use of back vertex power (F'_v) rather than equivalent dioptric power (F_m) of the magnifier. In this study we provide information on the optometric parameters of these new stand magnifiers that will assist the more accurate specification of improvements in vision expected from their use.     

放射性肝纤维化过程的定量研究

经＾６０Ｃｏγ线照射大鼠肝区，通过光镜、电镜和图像分析仪、宣研究了照后１年肝脏的病理改变。结果表明，３０Ｇｙ组在照射后１年内逐渐发生了放射性肝纤维化病变。在肝纤维化发生过程中，肝细胞内糖原颗凿含量进行性减少，间质中胶原纤维含量进行性增加，网状纤维于照射１－３个月呈进行性增加。     

激活素A对人肝星状细胞系LI 90细胞增殖的影响

目的：检测激活素（ACT）A对肝星状细胞（HSC）系LI90细胞增殖的影响。方法：采用基因重组人ACT A（0．025－250ng/ml）、转化生长因子－β1（TGF－β1）、镦泡抑素（FS）处理体外培养的人HSC系LI90，采用四唑盐比色法（MTT法）检测其对细胞增殖的影响。结果：ACT A浓度在0.025-250ng/ml范围内，均可刺激LI90细胞增殖，0.025-25ng/ml浓度范围内的ACT A作用轻微，而250ng/ml的ACT A作用明显增强（P＜0．01）；相反，TGF－β1（2．5ng/ml）对LI90细胞增殖无明显影响；0．315ng/ml FS与浓度为0.25ng/ml的ACT A共同孵育可阻断ACT A促进LI90增殖的活性（P＜0．05），而0．315ng/ml FS单独作用对LI 90细胞生长明显影响。结论：ACT可促进HSC增殖，在肝纤维化发病机制中发挥重要作用。     

无创伤性测定门静脉压力与肝血流二法联合应用研究肝硬化的价值

目的　为临床研究肝硬化提供有价值的手段。方法　采用99mTc -RBC测定 93例肝硬化患者肝血流 ,选择峰时 (Tmax) ,半廓清时 (T1/2 )、廓清率 (K值 )、肝血流 (LBF)等作为观察指标 ,与正常对照组比较 ;同时用99mTc-MIBI经直肠给药测定其中 5 4例患者门静脉压力 (PVP) ,以心 /肝 (H/L)比值作为分流指数。结果　肝硬化组Tmax、T1/2 、K及LBF分别为 1.2 6± 0 .99(93)min、5 .75± 3.38(93)min、0 .15 4± 0 .116 (93)及 0 .6 10± 0 .2 89(93)L/min ,除Tmax外 ,与对照组均有非常显著性差异 ;Child -A、B、C级各组之间 (除Tmax外 )也均有非常显著性差异或显著性差异 ;Child -A、B、C级各组H/L分别为 0 .49± 0 .18(2 1)、0 .6 9± 0 .16 (15 )、0 .91± 0 .2 1(18) ;PVP分别为 2 .2 2± 0 .5 7(2 1)kPa、2 .85± 0 .38(15 )kPa及 3.5 4± 0 .6 5 (18)kPa。而对照组的H/L及PVP分别为 0 .30± 0 .12 (16 )及 1.6 1± 0 .38(16 )kPa。Child -A、B、C级各组分别与对照组及各组之间比较 ,除Child -B与C级组PVP无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )外 ,其余均有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)及显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　本法测定肝血流及门脉压力方便 ,无创伤 ,对分析病情 ,判断疗效 ,指导制订治疗方案 ,估计预后等均有较     

肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌感染的临床特点

目的:探讨肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌( Hp)感染的临床特点.方法:对162例已行胃镜和幽门螺杆菌检查的肝硬化患者Hp感染情况进行回顾性分析.结果:Hp感染在性别和年龄间差异均无显著性(P＞0.05);Hp感染率随食管静脉曲张加重、肝功能恶化、门脉高压性胃病加重而降低(P＜0.05～P＜0 .01);Hp感染在消化性溃疡的有无发生间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:在肝硬化患者中,Hp感染与食管静脉曲张、肝功能恶化、门脉高压性胃病、消化性溃疡的发生无关.对有Hp感染的肝硬化患者无需行根除治疗.     

Increased plasma cathepsin D concentration in hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis but not in breast cancer

Using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay, plasma total cathepsin D concentration was assayed in 40 breast cancer patients and 84 patients with various liver diseases and compared to that of 52 normal subjects. There were no significant variations found in breast cancer patients related to tumor size, node invasiveness or metastases. In normal women, cathepsin D levels were slightly but not significantly increased in the luteal phase and in pregnancy. By contrast, plasma cathepsin D concentration was significantly increased in 70-75% of patients with liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatocarcinoma, hepatitis), but not in those with liver steatosis. Cathepsin D was independent of most of the plasma hepatic function tests and was correlated with alpha-fetoprotein in cirrhosis and with alpha-fucosidase in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. We conclude that plasma cathepsin D is not a useful marker in breast cancer. However, since the cellular level of this protease is associated with risk of metastasis in breast cancer, clinical follow-up will be required to test whether high cathepsin D plasma concentration has any prognostic value in liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocarcinoma.     

不同介入模式治疗伴失代偿性肝硬化肝癌

目的 探讨伴失代偿性肝硬化原发性肝癌(HCC)不同介入模式的临床价值.方法 在内科治疗稳定后,132例伴肝功能失代偿HCC患者接受不同介入模式治疗;36例采用肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE,A组),54例采用肝动脉节段性化疗栓塞治疗(S-TACE,B组),42例采用S-TACE后序贯射频消融(RFA)和无水乙醇局部注射(PEI)的综合介入治疗(C组).结果 随访3～48个月,A组、B组和C组患者AFP复常率分别为23.3%、60.5%(P＜0.05)和75.0%(P＜0.01),瘤体缩小(＞50%)分别占8.3%、31.5%(P＜0.05)和54.8%(P＜0.01和P＜0.05),中位生存期分别为4.1个月、9.4个月(P＜0.05)和14.1个月(P＜0.01和P＜0.05),累计生存率6个月分别为22.2%、51.8%(P＜0.05)和78.6%(P＜0.05和P＜0.01),12个月分别为5.6%、31.5%(P＜0.05)和40.5%(P＜0.05),24个月分别为0、9.3%和19.1%(P＜0.05);单变量分析显示包括HBV DNA在内的14项因素与预后显著相关,多因素COX模型分析显示肝功能Child-Pugh分级、ICGR15、门静脉癌栓、治疗模式及AFP术前升高者介入治疗后变化与预后显著相关.结论 综合介入治疗是伴肝功能失代偿HCC的有效治疗方法,对HBV DNA阳性患者应该考虑抗病毒治疗.     

肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生的干预研究

目的　以肝硬化大鼠为动物模型 ,研究药物对肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生的影响。方法　取健康的Wistar雄性大鼠 6 4只 ,以 6 0 ?l4油溶液 0 .3ml/ 10 0 g皮下注射 ,同时饮用 5 %酒精溶液 ,4 5d后制成肝硬化动物模型。模型大鼠随机分为 4组 ,16只 /组。全麻下均行左、中叶肝切除术。术后各组按以下方案处理 :A组 (对照组 )注射生理盐水 1mg/ (kg·d) ,B组为泮托拉唑组 ,注射 0 .2mg/ (kg·d) ,C组为重组人生长激素组 ,注射 0 .5U/ (kg·d) ,D组为两药合用组 ,同时给予泮托拉唑注射 0 .2mg/ (kg·d) ,重组人生长激素注射 0 .5U/ (kg·d) ) ,连续给药 1周。抽取静脉血样 ,取肝脏组织 ,检测肝功能、有丝分裂指数 (MI)、增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)、细胞核DNA含量。结果　泮托拉唑组、重组人生长激素组、两药合用组MI、PCNA阳性染色细胞量、细胞核DNA含量均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,两药合用组MI、PCNA阳性染色细胞量、细胞核DNA含量均高于泮托拉唑组、重组人生长激素组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但各组间肝功能变化无明显差异。结论　泮托拉唑组及重组人生长激素均对肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝细胞再生有促进作用 ,两药联合应用肝细胞再生更明显 ,其详细机制须待进一步研究。