选择性多靶点毁损治疗难治性精神病：154例报告

目的探讨脑立体定向下选择性多靶点毁损术对难治性精神病的临床治疗效果。方法对154例难治性精神病应用现代脑立体定向技术对颅内的多个靶点进行选择组合射频毁损治疗。术后随访6～24个月。应用临床疗效总评量表（CGI）、简明精神病症状分级评定量表（BPRS）、社会功能量表（SDSS）、阳性症状量表（SAPS）、魏克斯勒儿童智力量表（WISC）和临床记忆量表（CMS）对治疗效果进行评价。结果154例经CGI评定总有效率为90％（优22例，显著进步68例，进步50例，无变化14例）。手术前后BPRS分别为68．86±14．40和32．40±8．66；SAPS为26．54±2．28和9．96±2．54；SDSS为15．82±1．20和8．62±1．60，均有明显差异（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；CMS、WISC检测术前与术后无显著差异。本组术后均无严重并发症和后遗症。结论脑立体定向技术微创、安全，是难治性精神病的有效治疗方法；根据不同的症状设计不同的靶点组合，对提高疗效、降低并发症有较大意义。     

基层医院对顽固性产后出血保守治疗的探讨

目的 :探讨顽固性产后出血患者的无创性保留子宫的保守性治疗方法。方法 :1998年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 12月我院收治 2 1例顽固性产后出血患者 ,出血量 180 0～ 4 10 0 ml,平均 2 2 0 0 ml,其中流产 3例 ,宫缩乏力 3例 ,子宫内翻 4例 ,胎盘早剥5例 ,前置胎盘 6例。采用迅速清理子宫、加快剖宫产手术操作、宫腔注药、阴道塞纱条、腹部加压包扎、积极抗休克、尽早尽快足量输血及补充凝血因子等综合措施。结果 :2 1例均保留子宫 ,痊愈出院。结论 :本方法简单快速 ,安全有效 ,无副作用 ,无需特殊设备 ,耗资低 ,是保留子宫的好方法之一 ,尤其适合基层医院推广     

脑功能区难治性癫痫的手术治疗

目的探讨开颅手术对功能区难治性癫痫的疗效。方法84例脑功能区难治性癫痫患者中,采用局部癫痫灶切除 多处软膜下横纤维切断术者29例,癫痫病灶切除 多处软膜下横纤维切断 前颞叶切除33例,癫痫病灶切除 多处软膜下横纤维切断 胼胝体前1/3切开22例。记录术后早期和9￣30个月临床观察及随访结果。结果术后早期16例患者出现一侧肢体肌力减弱,23例患者术后2￣3d出现失语,经治疗均在5￣10d内恢复。出院后随访9￣30个月,完全无发作65例,发作次数减少50%以上11例,发作减少50%以下6例,2例癫痫发作与术前相同。术前有14例言语功能障碍,17例有一侧肌力下降,术后均有不同程度的改善和恢复。结论术后疗效表明局部癫痫灶切除 多处软膜下横纤维切断术和癫痫病灶切除 多处软膜下横纤维切断 前颞叶切除的手术疗效优于癫痫病灶切除 多处软膜下横纤维切断 胼胝体前1/3切开手术方式的疗效。     

The effect of a synthetic GnRH analogue on catamenial epilepsy: a study in ten patients

Summary Ten female patients suffering from catamenial epilepsy were treated with a synthetic analogue of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) in additon to antiepileptic drugs. Three of the patients became seizure free, in four patients seizure frequency decreased and in one patient seizures were of shorter duration. In only two of the patients was there no therapeutic effect. Adverse effects, including hot flushes, headache and increase in weight, were noticed in eight patients. These results support the hypothesis that treatment with a synthetic GnRH analogue might be helpful in patients with intractable catamenial epilepsies.     

Childhood epilepsy uncontrolled by phenytoin: clinical and electroencephalographic study.

Nine cases of childhood epilepsy manifesting motor convulsions uncontrolled despite high levels of phenytoin (PHT) were studied clinically and electroencephalographically. These cases consisted of five cases of partial seizures without impairment of consciousness, two cases of partial seizures (occasionally generalized seizures beginning locally), one case of predominantly unilateral seizures, and one case of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. the onset of seizures was at a rather early age, between 3 months and 9 years, and under 3 years of age in eight cases. All cases had single or multiple, cortical epileptic foci in EEG. The projection of spikes was localized to a rather limited area. Seizures of these patients were frequent. All cases, except one, did not respond to other medication. Convulsive seizures with cortical focal spike foci in EEG uncontrolled despite high levels of PHT were thought to have poor responsiveness to not only PHT itself, but also to other anticonvulsants.     

Celiac Disease, Bilateral Occipital Calcifications and Intractable Epilepsy: Mechanisms of Seizure Origin

Summary: Purpose: To elucidate the mechanisms of seizure origin in patients with celiac disease and bilateral occipital calcifications (CEBOC). Individuals with CEBOC frequently present with occipital lobe seizures, but additional lesions and additional attack patterns may occur.
Methods: We studied two men and one woman who had CEBOC. Villous atrophy was revealed in the two patients who underwent duodenal biopsy. All had a comprehensive presurgical evaluation, including prolonged video-EEG recordings. Two had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetric study of mesial temporal structures (MRIV). One patient had undergone stereotactic intracranial depth electrode studies (SEEG).
Results: All patients presented with intractable complex partial seizures. Two had partial simple seizures with visual aura. Neurologic examination was normal; one was of normal intelligence, and two were mildly retarded. Neuroimaging studies showed that each had bilateral occipital calcifications as well as epileptiform abnormalities over temporal lobes. In one, MRI showed an additional right frontal lesion, but SEEG demonstrated right occipital lobe seizure origin with anterior spread; this male patient later underwent a right occipital lobe resection. Another with a history of prolonged febrile convulsions had bilateral hippocampal and amygdalar atrophy demonstrated by MRIV.
Conclusions: In one patient, SEEG confirmed that seizures originated in the occipital lobe. The presence of dual pathology was demonstrated in another, raising the possibility of both occipital and temporal seizure onset. The presence of extraoccipital lesions or of mesial temporal atrophy requires SEEG for clarification of seizure onset. In the absence of confounding factors and when laterality can be demonstrated, surgical treatment may be considered.     

Ganglioglioma and Intractable Epilepsy: Clinical and Neurophysiologic Features and Predictors of Outcome After Surgery

Summary: Purpose: To review the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiological data of patients with ganglioglioma who had undergone evaluation and surgery in our Epilepsy Program.
Methods: The medical and neurophysiologic records of 38 patients with intractable epilepsy and ganglioglioma were re- viewed. Data underwent statistical analysis.
Results: There were 28 temporal and 10 extratemporal resections, with a mean age at seizure onset of 10.5 years and mean age at surgery of 22 years. Five tumor resections performed earlier were recorded. Twenty-nine patients had auras and 20 had secondarily generalized seizures. All 28 patients with temporal tumor had complex partial seizures. Preoperative MRI demonstrated the tumor in 36 of 36 patients: 17 of 29 demonstrated gadolinium enhancement, and 17 of 36 had mass effect. Scalp interictal sharp waves were present in 32 patients, and in 15 they were multiregional. In two patients, scalp EEG seizure onset was from the hemisphere contralateral to the tumor. Postoperatively, 79% of patients (30 of 38) were seizure-free (Engel's class I) at 6 months, 72% at 1 year (26 of 36), and 63% at 2 years (20 of 32). Excellent outcome was associated with a lower age at operation (p = 0.008), shorter duration of epilepsy (p = <0.01), absence of generalized seizures (p = <0.01), and no epileptiform discharges on a postoperative EEG (p = 0.01).
Conclusions: Good surgical outcome is expected in patients with ganglioglioma despite years of medically resistant seizures. Good outcome may be achieved despite EEG findings that may conflict with tumor location, and is more likely when surgery is performed relatively soon after epilepsy onset.     

12例顽固性癫痫患者的围手术期护理

目的:总结顽固性癫痫患者围手术期的护理经验,提高其临床疗效。方法:对12例外科手术治疗的顽固性癫痫患者的临床护理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:12例顽固性癫痫患者,在手术前后采取了有效的针对性护理措施后均痊愈出院。结论:采取正确有效的护理措施可提高患者的康复效果,提高生活质量。     

难治性癫痫不同类型手术预后与病程的相关关系分析

目的 探讨难治性癫痫不同类型手术的预后与病程长短有无相关关系.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月-2009年12月在四川大学华西医院神经外科进行难治性癫痫手术的143例患者,根据Engel分级对预后进行评估,分别分析各类型手术不同病程时间之间的预后差异以及相关关系.结果 不同病程组颞叶手术和颞叶合并颞叶外手术的预后差异无统...