麝香保心分散片的制备和人参总皂苷的体外溶出度研究

目的　制备麝香保心分散片 ,考察人参总皂苷的体外溶出度。方法　以PVPP为崩解剂、MCC为填充剂、CMC Ca为溶胀性辅料、1%HPMC水溶液为粘合剂 ,制备麝香保心分散片 ;采用比色法以人参总皂苷为测定指标 ,考察其体外溶出度。结果与结论　按最佳工艺制备的麝香保心分散片在 (2 0± 1)℃水中于 15s内可完全崩解且分散均匀 ,其指标性成分人参总皂苷的溶出速率明显高于麝香保心丸     

钩端螺旋体核糖体提取物免疫保护作用的研究

作者对核糖体现有的制备方法进行了部分改进,从黄疸出血群赖型017株钩体中成功地制备了核糖体提取物。该提取物经SPA-ELISA 证实具有免疫原性,对40只受试豚鼠的保护试验结果表明,核糖体提取物对同型毒株的攻击具有明显的保护作用;结果还证明核糖体提取物能诱导机体的体液免疫反应。     

Effects of hydroxocobalamin on rat cardiac papillary muscle

Hydroxocobalamin is a rapid and powerful antidote in acute cyanide poisoning. The effects of hydroxocobalamin (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mM) on intrinsic myocardial contractility were studied on isolated rat cardiac papillary muscles (n=10). Whatever the concentration, hydroxocobalamin did not modify the active isometric force and a slight increase in maximum unloaded shortening velocity was noted at 1 mM. Only 0.3 mM significantly impaired contraction-relaxation coupling under low load, suggesting a slight decrease in sarcoplasmic reticulum function. No changes in contraction relaxation coupling under heavy load were noted, suggesting the lack of modification of myofilament calcium sensitivity. These results suggest that hydroxocobalamin does not induce noticeable changes in intrinsic myocardial contractility. An indirect mechanism might be involved in the previously reported decrease in cardiac function at supratherapeutic concentrations of hydroxocobalamin.     

High postovariectomy LH levels are not due to decreased opioid inhibition of GnRH

It has been proposed that endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) inhibition of hypothalamic GnRH secretion mediates and is dependent upon gonadal steroid feedback of LH secretion, although considerable conflicting data have been reported. Accordingly, a well-characterized replacement regimen was used to approximate physiological stimulation by estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in adult rats 10 days after ovariectomy (OVX), followed by in vitro incubation of the isolated median eminence to evaluate the role of E2 and P4 in modifying GnRH release in response to the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone (NAL). Basal (control) GnRH release from median eminences of OVX, OVX + E2, and OVX + E2 + P4 rats was similar, and NAL treatment elicited a comparable increase in GnRH release under all three gonadal steroid conditions. Thus, EOP suppression of median eminence GnRH secretion does not appear to mediate or be dependent upon negative feedback regulation of LH secretion by physiological concentrations of gonadal steroids.     

Anaesthesia monitoring: the human factors component of technology transfer

Resistance to change in monitoring practices from within the anaesthesiology community is a formidable obstacle, and coercive and exhortatory solutions are likely to be unsuccessful in some situations. An analysis of publications about technology transfer and professional obsolescence, and application of this data to the practice of anaesthesia, reveals various stresses that technology transfer from research areas to the workplace may induce in vulnerable anaesthesiologists and account for their attitudes. It is suggested that the invaluable pronouncements of high profile anaesthesiologist groups must be supplemented by supportive behaviour by physicians and administrators at an institutional level. The human factors issues to be addressed include: (i) Monitored data acquisition skills. (ii) Possibility of acting on monitored data. (iii) Assistance for personal insight into attitudinal difficulties that may be encountered. (iv) Data supporting the value of the device. (v) Ergonomically effective integration of the monitor into the work station.Alternatively the perceptions of potential users may accurately reflect changes in their status in the new work situation created by monitors, and decision making aids that may or may not be derived from them. Thus, plans to present job satisfaction in related clinical areas or to associate the proposed new system with evaluation of its effect on patient outcome will be necessary. In this way the clinician becomes involved in clinical research, a quality of personal and quality care development.     

血液透析中尿毒素两室模型实验验证的研究

为了揭示血液透析过程中溶质在体液中的传递规律，我们制做了尿毒症实验动物犬模型进行血液透析实验，采用肌肉活体组织活检测定组织细胞内尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）的浓度，同时取血样测定其血浆水平，发现组织细胞内BUN和Cr的浓度与其血浆浓度随时间变化具有明显的差异。因此，从实验上直接证实了人体体液两室模型理论的假设，提示人体细胞内代谢物质的传递与排他是不均一的，细胞内的物质进入血液需要克服一定的传质阻力。实验结果为合理地评价透析的充分性提供了理论根据。     

Transfer of clonidine and dexmedetomidine across the isolated perfused human placenta

Background: The placental transfer of the a₂ receptor agonist clonidine, earlier used as an adjuvant in obstetric epidural analgesia, was compared with the transfer of the newer and more %-selective agonist dexmedetomidine.
Methods: Term placentas were obtained immediately after delivery with maternal consent and a 2-hour recycling perfusion of a single placental cotyledon was performed. Disappearance from the maternal circulation, accumulation in placental tissue and appearance in the fetal circulation of clonidine or dexmedetomidine with the reference compound antipyrine were followed in 4 experiments for both drugs.
Results: At 2 hours the percent dexmedetomidine found in the fetal circulation was 12.5 (SD 5.1)%, while 48.1 (SD 20.3)% was found in the perfused placental cotyledon. A higher mean clonidine than dexmedetomidine concentration was achieved in the fetal circulation (1.90 vs. 0.56 nmol/l, P <0.05). At 2 hours the percent clonidine found in the fetal circulation was 22.1 (SD 2.4)% ( P <0.05), while 11.3 (SD 3.3)% ( P <0.05) was re tained in the perfused placental cotyledon. The transfer indexes, describing maternal-to-fetal transfer of dexmedetomidine and clonidine normalized with the transfer of antipyrine, were 0.88 (SD 0.07) and 1.04 (SD 0.08) respectively ( P <0.05).
Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine disappeared faster than clonidine from the maternal circulation, while even less dexmedetomidine was transported into the fetal circulation. This was due to its greater placental tissue retention, the basis for which probably is the higher lipophilicity of dexmedetomidine.     

同型半胱氨酸对胚胎海马神经元细胞的影响

目的 观察同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine，HCY)对海马神经元细胞分化和增殖的作用机理。方法 采用大鼠胚胎海马神经元细胞进行体外培养。观察不同浓度的HCY(0．01、0．1、1．0、10．0、100．0)mmol／L对细胞分化和增殖的影响。结果 随着剂量的增加．同型半胱氨酸对胚胎海马神经元细胞分化和增殖具有抑制作用，并用流式细胞术分析证明对脂质过氧化(LPO)的影响而使得神经元蛋白质含量增高。结论 同型半胱氨酸可抑制胚胎海马神经元细胞分化和增殖的影响，HCY可能在导致神经管畸形的过程起着重要作用。     

Correlation between sperm penetration into the human zona pellucida and in vitro fertilization rates

Summary.  Sperm penetration into the zona pellucida of unfertilized oocytes, and its correlation with in vitro fertilization rates of the sibling oocytes, were assessed. This was performed in order to evaluate the prediction rate of the sperm penetration test into the zona pellucida. Unfertilized oocytes ( n =1872) from 371 cycles were pipetted through a microcapillary, and the remaining sperm cells penetrating the zona pellucida were counted. The mean (±SD) number of spermatozoa that penetrated the zona pellucida of unfertilized oocytes was 12.9±16.37. A significant correlation was found between the fertilization rate and the mean number of spermatozoa that penetrated into the zona pellucida of the unfertilized sibling oocytes (r = 0.48; P < 0.001), or the percent of unpenetrated zonae pellucidae in a cohort (r= —0.43; P < 0.001). However, a distinct variation in the number of spermatozoa that penetrated into the zona pellucida was detected. A step-wise regression analysis proved the number of spermatozoa penetrating the zona pellucida to be more predictive for fertilization rates than the variable of percent of unpenetrated zonae pellucidae. The results imply that although there is interdependence between penetration into the zona pellucida and fertilization rate, the predictive value of sperm penetration test for prognosis and future management after the first in vitro fertilization attempt, is limited.     

汉坦病毒M RNA在隐性感染大鼠组织中的分布(论著)

目的：了解汉坦病毒ＭＲＮＡ在隐性感染大鼠各组织中的定位与分布情况。方法：以地高辛标记的汉坦病毒的ＭＲＮＡｃＤＮＡ为探针，与隐性感染大鼠的多种内脏组织进行原位分子杂交。结果：病毒ＭＲＮＡ主要分布在感染大鼠的肝脏，定位于受染细胞的胞浆，这与在死于流行性出血热的患者尸检组织中的分布有所不同。结论：（１）肝脏是鼠类最易受汉坦病毒侵犯与寄生的器官；（２）汉坦病毒感染大鼠与人的机理有所不同，这很可能是大鼠感染汉坦病毒后不发病的原因之一。