胃肠癌患者血清及癌组织癌胚抗原的检测意义

应用放射免疫测定法,对20例胃肠癌患者进行了血清癌胚抗原(CEA)测定,并应用免疫组化法对其中16例癌组织中的CEA进行了检测.检测结果,血清CEA阳性6例,癌组织CEA阳性9例.低分化癌的血清CEA显著高于高分化癌(P<0.05).血清CEA与癌灶部位、癌组织CEA与分化程度及血清CEA均无关(P>0.05).提示血清CEA的含量与癌组织的分化程度有关,血清CEA与癌组织内的CEA无平行关系.作者并对其机制及检测CEA的意义进行讨论.     

Zinc deficiency and hyperprolactinaemia are not reversible causes of sexual dysfunction in uraemia

We selected a group of male dialysis patients complaining of sexual dysfunction in whom penile vascular insufficiency and drug-induced impotence had been excluded. Monitoring of nocturnal penile tumescence was used to confirm organic disturbance. Patients with normal serum prolactin concentrations (n = 18) had significantly lower serum zinc values than normal controls (P less than 0.001) and were entered in a 6-month double-blind study comparing oral zinc acetate with placebo. Patients with elevated prolactin concentrations (n = 8) were entered in a 3-month double-blind crossover study comparing oral pergolide mesylate with placebo. In the zinc study, serum zinc concentrations increased (P less than 0.05) in the zinc-treated but not the placebo-treated group. One of nine patients receiving zinc reported improved sexual function, as did two of nine patients receiving placebo. There were no significant changes in sperm counts, nocturnal penile tumescence, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin or gonadotrophin concentrations in either treatment group. In the pergolide study, serum prolactin values decreased (P less than 0.01) in the pergolide but not in the placebo treatment period. One patient reported improved sexual function during the pergolide treatment period and two during the placebo period. There were no significant changes in sperm counts, nocturnal penile tumescence, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin or gonadotrophin concentrations after pergolide. These studies show no benefit of zinc or pergolide compared with placebo in the treatment of uraemic impotence.     

100例2型糖尿病患者交感神经皮肤反应研究

目的探讨交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)检测在评价2型糖尿病(T2DM)自主神经损害中的价值.方法对100例T2DM患者进行SSR检测,30例健康志愿者作为对照.结果2组SSR的起始潜伏期、N波潜伏期、波幅、面积比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),P波潜伏期差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).T2DM组72例(72%)患者至少有一肢SSR异常.血糖控制满意组和血糖控制不良组比较,起始和N波潜伏期差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),波幅和面积无显著性意义(P＞0.05).T2DM组病程＜5年与病程≥5年比较,潜伏期、波幅、面积差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论SSR可作为评价T2DM自主神经损害的客观电生理指标;T2DM患者SSR与血糖控制水平相关,与病程无关.     

Reoperation for a patient with starr-edwards aortic valve malfunction due to pannus formation twenty-nine years after implantation

We report a re-do case of severe aortic valve stenosis due to pannus formation 29 years after an aortic Starr-Edwards caged-ball valve implantation. A huge shelf of calcified and thick pannus tissue below the valve had reduced the already small orifice by at least a third in surface area. The explanted Starr-Edwards valve revealed no mechanical or structural failure. Early detection and treatment of pannus outgrowth is essential in order to prevent life-threatening prosthetic valve malfunctions.     

Tibialis posterior dysfunction as a cause of flatfeet in elderly patients

Background: Tibialis posterior is a frequent cause of an acquired flatfoot deformity and the prevalence is not known. If tibialis posterior dysfunction was found to occur frequently, a greater awareness may result leading to earlier patient diagnosis, referral and treatment.Objectives: To validate a screening questionnaire for tibialis posterior dysfunction, and to investigate the prevalence of tibialis posterior dysfunction in a high-risk patient population.Methods: The screening questionnaire was given prospectively to 65 patients (44 females, 21 males; mean age 79.6 years) attending an unrelated care of the elderly appointment. A foot and ankle surgery fellow separately examined all feet for tibialis posterior dysfunction.Results: The survey was 100% sensitive and 98.3 % specific at detecting tibialis posterior dysfunction. Six of the 65 patients (5 females, 1 male) had tibialis posterior dysfunction, and two had bilateral involvement. All six of the patients had longstanding symptoms, all had consulted their doctor and three had seen an orthopaedic surgeon; only one of the six patients had been correctly diagnosed.Conclusions: This study suggests that tibialis posterior dysfunction occurs frequently, but is seldom diagnosed in elderly women. Further epidemiologic studies are needed to determine the true prevalence.     

全身麻醉药物对学习记忆功能的影响

全身麻醉药物通过对中枢多种神经递质和受体系统的影响，调节神经突触传递可塑性的改变，从而对学习记忆功能产生广泛作用。深入考察全身麻醉药物对学习记忆功能的影响，将为合理解释术中残留记忆和术后认知功能障碍的发生机制，婴幼儿和老年痴呆患者手术期间选择合适的全身麻醉药物和方法提供借鉴。     

腹腔镜下处理腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道和胃肠道损伤

目的评价腹腔镜下处理腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆道和胃肠道损伤. 方法 1991年10月～2002年12月,完成连续无选择腹腔镜胆囊切除术和腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆道探查9 016例,其中发生胆道损伤14例(0.15%),胃肠道损伤3例(0.03%).其中1例胆管横断伤、10例胆管部分损伤、1例胃损伤、2例十二指肠损伤均在腹腔镜下修补. 结果 1例胆道损伤腹腔镜下修补术后胆漏,1年后发生胆道狭窄,其余均痊愈出院. 结论胆道部分损伤及胃肠道损伤可在腹腔镜下处理,对于胆道横断伤的腹腔镜处理,需进一步探讨.     

他达拉非治疗勃起功能障碍的安全性研究进展

勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)是中老年人的常见疾病。他达拉非自2002年10月开始用于治疗ED,其疗效确切,安全性高,因此越来越多的患者选择他达拉非来治疗ED。目前对他达拉非的作用机制、药代动力学、疗效、安全性等方面已经有了较多的基础及临床研究资料。本文就他达拉非治疗ED的安全性做一综述,以求该药物在临床上得到更安全的使用,为临床医生选择使用该类药物提供参考。     

Retrospective review of the preoperative biliary and gastrointestinal evaluation for gastric bypass surgery

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency and results of preoperative biliary and gastrointestinal (GI) evaluation of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: Retrospective review of the preoperative evaluation of 144 consecutive RYGB patients. RESULTS: Cholecystectomy had already been performed in 43 (30%) patients; 22% of those patients with an intact gallbladder had cholelithiasis. Ten patients (7%) had an upper GI x-ray (UGI), and 94 patients (65%) had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Abnormalities were found in 40% of the UGIs and 84% of the EGDs. A total of 96 patients (67%) were tested for Helicobacter pylori; 11% were positive. Twenty-one patients (15%) underwent preoperative colonoscopy; 48% were abnormal, but most of the abnormalities were not clinically significant. Three patients had barium enema x-ray, which was normal in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative biliary and GI evaluation of bariatric surgery patients should include a routine ultrasound of the gallbladder. Routine preoperative EGD will detect a significant number of abnormalities that should be treated, but should rarely alter the bariatric surgical procedure or result in denial of bariatric surgery. Many abnormalities will be asymptomatic. Patients should be routinely screened for H. pylori and, if positive, treated before bariatric surgery. Lower GI evaluation should be performed selectively based on the patient's symptoms, physical findings, and guidelines for colorectal cancer and polyp screening.