Dental diseases and loss of teeth in a group of Finnish alcoholics: a radiological study

A total of 85 Finnish alcohol-dependent subjects and 53 controls were studied with panoramic radiography. The aim was to study the possible associations between prolonged alcohol consumption and dental health. The mean number of teeth, caries lesions, endodontic treatments, periapical lesions, marginal bone loss, and periodontal infrabony pockets was studied. The subjects met the diagnostic criteria of alcohol dependence as set out in DSM-IV and ICD-10. The control group comprised social drinking volunteers with an AUDIT score &#104 8. For the final results the subjects were divided into groups on the basis of sex and age. The social backgrounds of the subjects were similar, except for employment and smoking. The results show significantly fewer teeth and more caries in the alcoholic group. There was a tendency for the alcoholics <45 years of age to have more endodontically treated teeth than the controls, but no difference in the number of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth was found. Horizontal bone loss and the presence of calculus were more frequent in alcoholic men than in alcoholic women. Significantly more horizontal bone loss was observed in the group of alcoholic nonsmokers than in nonalcoholic nonsmokers. In the nonsmoking groups alcoholics had significantly more periodontal destruction than the nonsmoking controls. We conclude that radiological dental health among individuals dependent on alcohol is weakened by more caries, more horizontal bone loss, and more numerous vertical infrabony pockets than social drinkers.     

2例垂体萎缩患者性功能障碍治疗始末

目的:补充引起勃起功能障碍的病因之一:垂体萎缩,分析性腺功能不足导致激素水平低下与勃起功能障碍、性欲障碍的关系。方法:回顾2例因垂体萎缩导致勃起功能障碍患者的详细病史、体格检查、实验室检查、诊断分析和治疗经过。结果:病例一在给予雄激素补充治疗后,勃起功能和性欲反应良好;病例二给予抗焦虑药、PDE5抑制剂和雄激素补充治疗后,除了患者自觉晨勃硬度较前改善外,性欲和同房成功率均无改善。结论:雄激素对性欲的产生和性功能的维持十分重要,但又不是唯一的因素,还受心理因素的影响。     

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Motor Cortex Activation in Schizophrenia

Previous fMRI studies of sensorimotor activation in schizophrenia have found in some cases hypoactivity, no difference, or hyperactivity when comparing patients with controls; similar disagreement exists in studies of motor laterality. In this multi-site fMRI study of a sensorimotor task in individuals with chronic schizophrenia and matched healthy controls, subjects responded with a right-handed finger press to an irregularly flashing visual checker board. The analysis includes eighty-five subjects with schizophrenia diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria and eighty-six healthy volunteer subjects. Voxel-wise statistical parametric maps were generated for each subject and analyzed for group differences; the percent Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal changes were also calculated over predefined anatomical regions of the primary sensory, motor, and visual cortex. Both healthy controls and subjects with schizophrenia showed strongly lateralized activation in the precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule, and strong activations in the visual cortex. There were no significant differences between subjects with schizophrenia and controls in this multi-site fMRI study. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in laterality found between healthy controls and schizophrenic subjects. This study can serve as a baseline measurement of schizophrenic dysfunction in other cognitive processes.

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