CT扫描及超声内镜术前评价进展期食管癌

目的比较胸部螺旋CT增强扫描及微探头超声内镜 (MPS)检查在评价进展期食管癌中的价值。方法 :32例进展期食管癌术前行CT扫描和MPS检查并与术后病理学比较。结果 :CT扫描能发现 84 .4 %的食管癌病灶 ,但不能准确诊断癌肿浸润深度 ,诊断纵隔结构受侵准确率 75 % ,发现区域淋巴结转移的敏感性90 .9% ,特异性 81.8% ,对纵隔内远处淋巴结转移诊断准确率 80 %。MPS检查能检出所有病例的进展期食管癌病灶 ,癌肿浸润深度诊断准确率 81.3% ,诊断纵隔结构受侵准确率 5 0 % ,诊断区域淋巴结转移敏感性81.8% ,特异性 72 .7% ,而对纵隔内远处转移的淋巴结均未能探及。结论 :CT扫描在评价进展期食管癌纵隔内结构受侵及远处淋巴结转移的意义较大。而MPS检查在判断癌肿管腔浸润深度的准确率较高。     

Endocrine evaluation after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in children

Objective Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a standard procedure for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus in children. Main part of the procedure is the perforation of the third ventricle floor (tuber cinereum). This structure is part of the hypothalamic–pituitary neuronal network of cerebral endocrine regulation. There are no systematic data available about the endocrine status after ETV in children. Materials and methods We examined 20 children who had undergone ETV. Examination included laboratory tests (adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1], IGF-binding protein 3 [IGFBP-3], fT3, fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], serum osmolarity, electrolytes, glucose, urea, follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH], and testosterone in selected patients), measurement of weight, height, and head circumference, and physical examination. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Kiel University. Results In seven patients, prolactin was moderately elevated. One patient demonstrated a significantly increased prolactin (56.3 ng/ml). In all eight patients, this was the only laboratory value that was out of the normal range; all other parameters were normal. Three other patients showed one abnormal parameter (decrease in FSH and LH, increase in TSH, decrease in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3). In nine patients, weight or height was not within the 3rd to 97th centiles for age. Discussion and conclusion More patients than expected demonstrated endocrine laboratory abnormalities. However, there was no clinical relevance in any of the studied patients. It remains inconclusive whether ETV contributes to the abnormalities of prolactin levels or to other endocrine parameters in pediatric patients. Longitudinal studies are necessary to delineate the effect of ETV on endocrine regulation. Presented at the Third World Conference of the International Study Group on Neuroendoscopy (ISGNE), Marburg, Germany, 15–18 June 2005.     

Surgical approach after failed enteryx injection for GERD.

OBJECTIVE: We report on 3 patients who underwent laparoscopic antireflux procedures for persistent symptoms of GERD after biopolymer injection. METHODS: Experienced laparoscopic surgeons completed all 3 procedures laparoscopically. In 2 patients, there was an extramural extravasation of the polymer outside and adherent to the esophageal wall. In these patients, a partial posterior fundoplication was used. The third patient, who had the polymer material deposits removed preoperatively by endoscopic mucosal resection, underwent a Nissen fundoplication. RESULTS: Postoperative recovery was uneventful in all cases. At follow-up of 6 to 12 months, all patients were symptom free, off medical therapy, and experiencing no dysphagia. CONCLUSION: Surgical therapy for patients after failed biopolymer injection is safe and effective. The choice of surgery may depend on whether the polymer mass can be removed preoperatively.     

磁共振胆胰管造影在梗阻性黄疸诊断和治疗中的作用

目的：探讨磁共振胆胰管造影(MRCP)对梗阻性黄疸患梗阻定位和定性的诊断价值及对治疗的指导意义。方法：对48例梗阻性黄疸的患进行MRCP检查，34例(70．8％)行手术治疗，14例(29．2％)行非手术治疗。结果：48例患中45例(93．8％)可通过MRCP明确诊断，并经手术或临床证实；2例(4．1％)硬化性胆管炎需结合其他临床资料做出诊断；1例(2．1％)胆总管结石误诊为胆管癌。结论：MRCP对胆道疾患诊断具有无创性、高灵敏度、高准确率等优点，能为梗阻性黄疸患临床治疗提供有效依据。     

EST+胆胰管引流治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的 探讨内镜下乳头奥迪氏扩约肌切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST) 胆胰管引流技术在急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)诊治中的应用价值.方法 将入选的315例ABP患者随机分为EST治疗组(n=132)和非EST对照组(n=183),并根据APACHEⅡ评分,将每组再进一步分为重症组和轻症组.两组患者均给予中西医结合治疗.EST治疗组在入院后24 h内行ERCP(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) EST,如发现胆管或胆胰共同通道有结石,则行网篮气囊取石或碎石器碎石取石,如结石多、结石直径大,结石难以一次取尽则急诊不强行取石术.如ERCP证实胰管狭窄或胰管有结石,则行胰管支架植入或鼻胰管引流.所有患者EST术后均行鼻胆管引流术(endoscopic naso-billiary drainage ENBD).结果 对重症ABP,EST治疗组的并发症发生率、转开腹手术率、住院天数及住院费用均明显低于非EST对照组(X12=7.12,X22=5.64,t1=2.57,t2=2.28,P＜0.05);而两组轻症之间无显著差异.结论 早期应用EST技术治疗ABP是可行的、有效的和安全的.     

消化道类癌的诊断与治疗(附44例报告)

目的探讨消化道类癌的诊断与治疗. 方法回顾性分析我院1990年1月～2005年4月44例消化道类癌的临床资料. 结果本组44例中直肠(包括直肠乙状结肠交界处)类癌29例发生率最高65.9%(29/44),结肠4例9.1%(4/44),阑尾1例2.3%(1/44),小肠2例4.5%(2/44),十二指肠2例4.5%(2/44),胃5例11.4%(5/44),肝1例2.3%(1/44).44例中治疗了39(39/44,88.6%),其中手术切除14例,内镜下粘膜切除术(EMR)20例(5例EMR后病理断端残余癌细胞又追加手术局部切除),内镜下直接钳除5例,5例未治疗.直径≤1 cm 30例占68.2%, 26例全部治愈,15例(50%)行EMR完全切除,其中20例肠镜随访10～84个月,均无复发,预后好;直径1～2 cm 4例占9.1%,手术局部切除,1例1年后肝转移;直径>2 cm 10例占22.7%,均位于直肠外,8例手术,2例未治疗,3例死亡,5例有远处或淋巴结转移,预后差.44例中6例发生远处或淋巴结转移,转移率13.6%. 结论内镜是诊断消化道类癌的首选方法,≤1cm的类癌可在内镜下行EMR切除.     

Atraumatic retractor for endoscopic surgery

A novel retractor has been designed to achieve atraumatic retraction of the liver and displacement of hollow viscera during endoscopic surgery. The functional section of the instrument, when locked, forms a silicon-covered uniplanar hook which can be deployed for horizontal lift of solid organs such as the liver or be used to engage bowel for displacement from the operative field. Following laboratory testing, the instrument has been evaluated clinically and its ease of deployment and atraumatic nature have been confirmed. It has been found to be particularly effective for elevation of the thick fatty left lobe of the liver during antireflux surgery.     

Andrology: Transrectal electroejaculation in combination with in-vitro fertilization: an effective treatment of anejaculatory infertility after testicular cancer

Treatment of non-seminomatous testicular cancer often leadsto infertility due to anejaculation/retrograde ejaculation andpoor sperm quality. In these men spermatozoa may be obtainedby transrectal electroejaculation (TE), but the optimal strategyfor assisted procreation in these couples is not known. Ouraim was to examine whether TE and conventional in-vitro fertilization(IVF) would be successful. A total of 10 couples, with long-standinginfertility due to anejaculation or retrograde ejaculation aftertreatment for testicular cancer 5–14 years earlier, werereferred to our unit. All men underwent diagnostic TE undergeneral anaesthesia. Spermatozoa were recovered in nine cases.The antegrade fraction was prepared and used for IVF. Spermquality was variable and conventional IVF was considered impossiblein three cases. Altogether six IVF treatment cycles in six couplesresulted in five pregnancies, of which four resulted in a deliveryand one resulted in a spontaneous abortion. One additional pregnancyis ongoing after transfer of cryopreserved embryos. The fertilizationrate was 54% (33/61) and the cleavage rate was 97% (32/33).No complications relating to the procedure have been encountered.     

Self-expanding mesh stent for endoscopic palliation of rectal obstructing tumors: a preliminary report

Summary The endoscopic insertion of self-expanding mesh stents in four patients affected by obstructing rectal malignant tumors is reported. The preliminary experience shows that, in the short term, normal defecation was achieved, with no complications. Longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate the duration and the quality of the palliative effect.     

Endoscopic fistulotomy and biliary drainage as the ultimate palliative treatment for obstruction due to malignant tumors of the papilla of Vater

Summary This report describes the technique and results of endoscopic fistulotomy as a drainage procedure in cases of malignant obstruction of the biliary system from bulky and friable growths in the papilla of Vater. Fistulotomy, coupled with insertion of stents, was successful in seven of eight patients and was associated with relief of jaundice. It is suggested that the method be applied when conventional transpapillary insertion of stents is impossible either due to distortion of the papilla or bleeding of the growth on touch.