叮咬不同免疫力兔后中华硬蜱中肠上皮细胞超微结构的观察

目的　探讨叮咬不同免疫力兔后中华硬蜱中肠上皮细胞的病理变化。　方法　选用中华硬蜱相对分子质量 (Mr)为 10 5 0 0 0纯化抗原 ,按常规方法分别于后足掌、腹股沟以及颈背部多点皮内注射免疫新西兰兔。免疫后每只兔用 3 0只雌性中华硬蜱成虫叮咬 ,于 2 4h、48h、72h、5d及 8d ,每组各取 3只吸血中华硬蜱观察其中肠上皮细胞超微结构的变化。　结果　中华硬蜱初次叮咬兔后 ,消化细胞随叮咬时间延长而增多增大 ,微绒毛较密集 ,排列整齐 ,胞质内细胞器丰富 ,各单位膜结构清晰 ,并出现顶端小管、小泡、大量脂滴和高铁血红蛋白颗粒 ;近基膜的细胞膜内褶形成发达的基底迷路系统。叮咬经Mr 10 5 0 0 0纯化抗原免疫接种兔后 ,中华硬蜱中肠上皮细胞严重损伤和破坏 ,消化细胞数量与体积较初次叮咬组及佐剂对照组间差异具有显著性意义。叮咬后 2 4～ 48h消化细胞表面微绒毛减少 ,变短、排列不整 ,细胞粗面内质网扩张 ,线粒体嵴减少 ,高铁血红蛋白颗粒及脂滴等均较初次叮咬组和佐剂对照组明显减少 ,基底迷路系统空泡化 ,基膜变性、松散和断裂等。叮咬后 72h～ 8d ,细胞器变性、坏死 ,细胞核固缩、碎裂以及细胞溶解、碎裂等。　结论　中华硬蜱叮咬Mr 10 5 0 0 0的纯化抗原免疫接种新西兰兔 ,能使其产生获得性免疫力。     

南宁铁路辖区职工华支睾吸虫感染及相关因素的调查

目的 了解南宁铁路辖区职工华支睾吸虫感染情况及影响因素。方法 用改良加藤厚涂片法粪检，计数虫卵；以问卷方式收集受检者性别、年龄、职业、籍贯、常年居住地、经济水平、文化程度、吃鱼方式及菜刀、砧板使用习惯等相关因素；应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析方法研究华支睾吸虫感染的各种影响因素。结果 共调查836人，华支睾吸虫感染率为47．01％，其中男性为50．78％，女性为4．41％；南宁以北、南宁城区、南宁以南片区感染率分别为67．61％、43．94％、35．29％（P〈0．01）；有生食鱼虾史者感染率高达67．33％。多因素回归分析结果表明，对华支睾吸虫感染有影响的因素主要有吃鱼习惯、居住片区、性别。结论 南宁铁路辖区职工华支睾吸虫感染形势严峻，吃鱼习惯是影响感染率的首要因素，应通过加强卫生宣教提高职工的防病意识，同时开展普查普治，才能最大限度控制华支睾吸虫病在该地区的流行。     

华支睾吸虫病的逆行胰胆管造影和乳头括约肌切开治疗

目的 探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和乳头括约肌切开术(EST)对华支睾吸虫病诊断和治疗的价值。方法 胆汁中找到华支睾吸虫成虫或虫卵的62例作为诊断观察组，其中47例伴梗阻性黄疸者行EST，为EST组；同期行ERCP检查的1283例非华支睾吸虫病患者为诊断对照组；同期34例因单纯华支睾吸虫性梗阻性黄疸手术者为外科手术组。结果62例华支睾吸虫病患者全部有弥漫性肝内胆管末端囊性扩张，而非华支睾吸虫病患者无一出现此征象。EST组治疗后1～2周，胆总管平均直径和血清总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、γ—GT均明显降低。EST和外科手术的治疗有效率及并发症发生率差异无显著性，但EST组需输血人数、平均住院日和平均费用却明显低于外科手术组。结论 对临床怀疑华支睾吸虫病的患者，如果传统方法不能确诊，应行ERCP检查，其影像学特征是弥漫性肝内胆管末端囊性扩张，同时可抽吸胆汁检测华支睾吸虫成虫或虫卵，对出现梗阻性黄疸者，EST应作为首选的治疗手段。     

基于近红外光谱技术的当归提取物混合工艺研究

目的采用近红外光谱技术(NIR)建立当归提取物混合物中当归挥发油β-环糊精包合物的定量模型,并用于优化当归提取物混合工艺。方法以当归挥发油β-环糊精包合物含量为真实值,运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立近红外光谱与当归挥发油β-环糊精包合物含量之间的定量校正模型,并对混合工艺进行优选。结果所建近红外光谱定量模型的相关系数(R2)为99.33%,交互验证误差均方根(RMSECV)为0.195,验证集平均预测回收率为98.53%,所建立的当归提取物测定模型预测能力较好;当归提取物混合物不同部位中挥发油β-环糊精包合物含量测定的RSD值分别为1.88%、1.15%、2.71%,均小于5.0%,当归提取物的混合工艺为:混合转速5 r·min^-1,混合时间25 min。结论近红外光谱技术可用于当归提取物混合工艺过程中产品的检测与评价。     

Immune Activation by a Sterile Aqueous Extract of Cordyceps Sinensis: Mechanism of Action

Cordyceps sinensis is a fungus that has been used for over 2,000 years in China as a treatment for a variety of conditions including infectious diseases. The available evidence suggests a hypothesis that any efficacy of C. sinensis as an anti-infective therapeutic would be related to a role as an activator of innate immune responses. The objectives of this study were first to investigate the ability of C. sinensis to activate pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages in vitro and induce protective responses against intracellular pathogens in vivo, and second to characterize a method of action. We found that C. sinensis activates murine macrophages to produce a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IFN-γ synergizes with C. sinensis to amplify this response. Bacterial endotoxin contamination was ruled out as a potential artefact. The evidence presented in this study supports a hypothesis that C. sinensis activates macrophages by engaging Toll-like receptors and inducing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways characteristic of inflammatory stimuli.     

Immunomodulatory Activities of HERBSnSENSES™ Cordyceps — in Vitro and in Vivo Studies

The commercially available HERBSnSENSES? Cordyceps (HSCS) belongs to a cultivated strain of Cordyceps sinensis whose immunomodulatory activities has been renowned in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries. The present report is the first that describes its immunomodulatory features through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. We measured, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells the in vitro effects of HSCS on the gene expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors, cytokine release, and surface expression of cytokine receptors using cDNA expression array, cytometric bead array (CBA), and immunoflorescence staining, respectively, as well as macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H₂O₂ using flow cytometry. Sixty female BALB/c mice were fed with either HSCS (40 mg/kg/day) or water consecutively for 14 days. Proliferation, cytokine liberation, and CD3/4/8 expression of splenic cells were measured using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine proliferation ELISA, CBA, and cytometry immunoflorescence staining, respectively. In vitro results demonstrated that HSCS induced the production of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alphaα from PBMC, augmented surface expression of CD25 on lymphocytes, and elevated macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H₂O₂. In vivo results showed that HSCS did not induce splenomegaly and cytokine overliberation. Our results possibly provide the biochemical basis for future clinical trials.     

当归多糖对小鼠衰老造血干细胞细胞周期蛋白的调控

目的观察当归多糖(ASP)对小鼠造血干细胞(HSC)细胞周期调控蛋白表达的影响,探讨ASP调控HSC衰老的可能机制。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、衰老组、ASP干预对照组和ASP干预衰老组,衰老组采用X线全身均匀照射,建立小鼠HSC衰老模型;ASP干预衰老组在照射期间给予ASP灌胃;对照组和ASP干预对照组分别给予NS和ASP灌胃。免疫磁珠分离HSC,β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色和混合集落培养(CFU-Mix)观察HSC生物学特性变化;流式细胞术分析细胞周期;Western blot检测P16、P21、CDK2、CDK6、CyclinD及CyclinE表达。结果与对照组比较,X线能显著增加衰老对照组HSC SA-β-Gal染色阳性率、G1期比例及P16、P21表达;降低CFU-Mix、S期比例及CDK6、CyclinD和CyclinE表达。与衰老组比较,ASP能显著抑制衰老HSC SA-β-Gal染色阳性率、G1期比例及P16和P21表达的增加;抑制S期比例、CFU-Mix、CDK6、CyclinD及CyclinE表达的减少;而对CDK2表达无影响。结论 ASP可能通过调节P16、P21、CDK6、CyclinD及CyclinE表达延缓小鼠HSC衰老。     

冬虫夏草繁育品质量控制和药理活性研究进展

冬虫夏草为传统的名贵中药材,在中国有悠久的药用历史,具有补肾、益肺、止血、化痰的功效。近年来,冬虫夏草繁育品的研究获得突破,实现了冬虫夏草的大规模产业化繁育。冬虫夏草繁育品基原符合中国药典规定,与野生冬虫夏草相比,冬虫夏草繁育品不仅具有相似的化学成分和药理活性,还具有较低的重金属含量,安全性更容易控制。     

戴氏虫草多糖诱导肿瘤细胞分化的研究

目的：观察戴氏虫草多糖（ CDP）对人红白血病K562细胞和人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞分化的影响。方法：用1、10、100及1000 mg/L浓度的CDP分别处理K562细胞和HL-60细胞2 d,台盘蓝染色计数两种细胞的死活细胞数,同时检测CDP处理后K562细胞的血红蛋白的含量,观察200个HL-60细胞的分化情况。结果：在CDP作用下,K562细胞存活率增高,K562细胞内血红蛋白含量增加;HL60细胞形态向中幼,晚幼阶段方向分化,且其阳性细胞数与CDP的浓度有明显的量—效关系。结论：CDP可诱导K562细胞与HL60细胞分别向红细胞系和粒细胞系方向分化。