经鼻导管高流量吸氧与经鼻气道正压通气在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值比较

目的：比较经鼻导管高流量吸氧（HFNC）与经鼻气道正压通气（nCPAP）在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值，为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法：选取2016年12月至2018年12月我院儿科收治的重症毛细支气管炎患儿90例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患儿入院后均给予常规综合治疗以保证呼吸道通畅，在此基础上观察组采用HFNC治疗，对照组采用nCPAP治疗，比较两组患儿治疗前和治疗24 h后呼吸频率、经皮血氧饱和度（TcSO2）、呼吸窘迫评分体系（CSS）评分、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）等呼吸相关指标及治疗前后临床症状体征改善情况。结果：两组患儿治疗24 h后呼吸频率、CSS评分均降低，且观察组降低程度更大，TcSO2、PaO2于治疗24 h后升高，观察组升高幅度较对照组明显；治疗后两组患儿咳嗽及肺部湿啰音、肺部炎症情况均改善，观察组症状体征消失时间早于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：重症毛细支气管炎患儿采用HFNC治疗可明显改善通气功能和临床症状，治疗效果优于nCPAP治疗，可扩大样本量进一步观察。     

全方位人性化护理对耳鼻咽喉科鼻内镜手术治疗患者的护理效果观察

目的探讨全方位人性化护理对耳鼻咽喉科鼻内镜手术患者的护理效果。方法选取我科2015年1~9月收治的鼻内镜手术患者共256例,按照入院时间顺序随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组患者接受常规护理,观察组患者接受全方位人性化护理。比较两组患者手术治疗效果及术后并发症发生率、住院情况及SAS、SDS量表评分。结果观察组治疗总有效率为88.3%,明显高于对照组治疗总有效率的72.9%(x2=10.7983,P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为10.2%,明显低于对照组并发症发生率的23.4%(x2=8.0777,P<0.05)。观察组住院时间、住院花费、SAS、SDS评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论全方位人性化护理对耳鼻咽喉科鼻内镜手术患者有较好的护理效果,能有效降低术后并发症,简单易行,值得临床推广运用。     

今天你呼吸通畅吗

正每年的4月份的第二个星期六是爱鼻日,旨在引起公众对鼻病健康的关注。这时也是最美好的季节,春光灿烂,鲜花盛开,空气中的花粉和粉尘也急剧爆涨。耳鼻喉科接诊各种过敏性鼻炎患者也增多了。杭州市中医院耳鼻喉科的陈志凌副主任提醒过敏性鼻炎患者,最近是此病高发季节,要注意自身防护。     

鼻内镜修正术治疗复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的疗效探析

目的探讨鼻内镜修正术治疗复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的临床疗效。方法选取商丘市中心医院2011年9月至2013年9月复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者60例,按照数字随机抽取法分为研究组与对照组,每组30例,对照组采取常规方法治疗,研究组则予以鼻内镜修正手术治疗,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果研究组总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜修正术治疗复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉效果显著,临床推广应用价值较高。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

丙酸氟替卡松联合克拉霉素用于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者术后的临床疗效

目的探究丙酸氟替卡松联合克拉霉素用于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp,CRSw NP患者术后的临床疗效。方法选取2016年8月至2018年1月本院收治的采用鼻内镜手术治疗的CRSwNP患者106例为研究对象,按照信封法将入选患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各53例。对照组患者术后采用丙酸氟替卡松喷鼻治疗,观察组患者在此基础上联合克拉霉素治疗。比较两组患者手术前后Lund-Kennedy评分、Lund-Mackay评分、鼻部症状评分、鼻黏膜上皮化情况、复发情况、疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者治愈率显著高于对照组(P <0.05),治疗总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);两组患者术后1个月和3个月Lund-Kennedy评分、Lund-Mackay评分和鼻部症状评分均显著低于本组术前(均P <0.05),且观察组患者术后1个月和3个月以上指标评分均显著低于同期对照组(均P <0.05);术后3个月,观察组患者鼻腔黏膜上皮化比率显著高于对照组(P <0.05),总体上皮化时间显著短于对照组(P <0.05);两组患者术后复发率和不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。结论丙酸氟替卡松联合克拉霉素可显著改善CRSwNP患者术后临床症状,促进鼻腔黏膜恢复,安全性较好。