中药饮片小包装的剂量和质量管理

中药饮片小包装作为一项新型的配方模式的改革,其优势非常明显。但在实际使用中主要存在剂量和质量上的问题。药房应从剂量和质量管理入手,一方面监督生产企业做好小包装的剂量和质量工作,另一方面加强医院药房对小包装的剂量和质量管理,提高配方质量,更好地发挥中药饮片小包装的优势。     

妈咪爱对肠道致病菌和条件致病菌及其L型的抑菌作用

目的：探讨妈咪爱对肠道致病菌、条件致病菌及其L型的抑菌作用。方法：采用试管连续稀释法，测定不同浓度的妈咪爱对肠道致病菌、条件致病菌及其L型的光密度值的影响。结果：妈咪爱对大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺菌、伤寒沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球、白假丝酵母菌及其L型皆有不同程度的抑菌作用，且浓度越大，抑菌作用越强，相同浓度的妈咪爱对原型菌的抑菌作用强于细菌L型。结论：妈咪爱是一种疗效很好的微生态制剂，可用于治疗由大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺菌、伤寒沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白假丝酵母菌及其L型引起的肠道感染。     

No Improvement of Adult Height in Non-growth Hormone (GH) Deficient Short Children with GH Treatment

It is still in doubt whether the standard-dose growth hormone (GH) used in Japan (0.5 IU/kg/week, 0.167 mg/kg/week) for growth hormone deficiency is effective for achieving significant adult height improvement in non-growth hormone deficient (non-GHD) short children. We compared the growth of GH-treated non-GHD short children with that of untreated short children to examine the effect of standard-dose GH treatment on non-GHD short children. GH treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was started before the age of 11 yr in 64 boys and 76 girls with non-GHD short stature registered at the Foundation for Growth Science who have now reached their adult height. In 119 untreated boys and 127 untreated girls whose height standard deviation score (SDS) was below –2 SD at the age of 6 yr, height growth was followed until 17 yr. Height SDS was significantly lower before GH treatment in the GH-treated group than at the age of 6 yr in the untreated group, in both sexes. Adult height and adult height SDS were significantly greater in the untreated group than in the GH-treated group, in both sexes, although the change in height SDS did not differ significantly. Height SDS was significantly lower before GH treatment in the GH-treated group than at the age of 6 yr in the untreated group, so 57 boys and 57 girls whose height SDS at the age of 6 yr in the untreated group closely matched the height SDS before GH treatment in the GH-treated group were chosen for comparison. Height SDS did not differ significantly between the GH-treated group before GH treatment and the untreated group at the age of 6 yr, nor were there differences between these subgroups in adult height, adult height SDS, or height SDS change, in either sex. The effect of GH treatment is reported to be dose-dependent and doses over 0.23 mg/kg/week are reported to be necessary to improve adult height in non-GHD short children. Currently, the GH dose is fixed at 0.175 mg/kg/week in Japan, and we expected to find, and indeed concluded, that ordinary GH treatment in Japanese, non-GHD short children does not improve adult height.     

美托洛尔治疗非瓣膜病慢性心力衰竭的耐受性观察

目的探讨β-受体阻滞剂(美托洛尔)在治疗慢性心力衰竭的剂量耐受性及临床疗效。方法对62例心衰患者在常规抗心衰治疗的基础上加用美托洛尔,并逐渐增加剂量至目标剂量,分别于服药前及达目标剂量后由专人监测心率、血压及左室射血分数(LVEF)等变化。结果美托洛尔的平均维持量为(132.27±44.20)mg/d,本组62例患者中达最大目标剂量者14例,18例因血压下降不能加量,21例因心率降低不能加量,9例因心功能下降而未达目标剂量。加用美托洛尔不同剂量后心功能都有不同程度改善,尤其以大剂量组改善显著(P<0.01)。结论不同患者对美托洛尔耐受性不同,加用美托洛尔治疗充血性心衰后所有患者心功能都有不同程度改善,尤以大剂量组改善显著(P<0.01)。     

硝苯地平缓释片单用及与双氢克尿噻小剂量联用治疗高血压疗效分析

目的：比较硝苯地平缓释片（NF）单用及与双氢克尿噻（DHCT）小剂量联用的降压疗效。方法：将轻、中度原发性高血压患者140例．随机分为治疗组（A组）71例和对照组（B组）69例。A组：口服NF、DHCT（小剂量）；B组：单服NF，疗程均为4周。结果：A组总有效率为93．00%，B组总有效率为86．96%，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：NF与DHCT小剂量联用治疗轻、中度高血压痛．疗效优于单用NF。     

维生素E烟酸酯自乳化制剂处方研究

目的研究维生素E烟酸酯(简称VEN)自乳化制剂,探求其最佳处方配比。方法通过溶解度实验、正交筛选和假三角相图的绘制,以形成自乳化区域的大小、溶出度和所得乳滴粒径的大小为指标,对VEN自乳化制剂中的油相、乳化剂及助乳化剂的组成、用量进行筛选,找出最佳的搭配和处方配比。结果在VEN自乳化制剂处方中,以油酸乙酯为油相,聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(EL20)为乳化剂,乙二醇单乙基醚(transcutol)为助乳化剂时,可以获得较好的乳化效果。结论VEN自乳化制剂的最佳处方比例为m(VEN)∶m(油酸乙酯)∶m(EL20)∶m(transcuto1)=1∶0.75∶1.35∶0.9。     

阿司匹林对肺癌细胞增殖的影响及机制探讨

目的:研究阿司匹林对肺腺癌细胞A549增殖的影响,并探讨其作用的可能机制。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法观察阿司匹林对A549细胞增殖的影响;采用免疫细胞化学法观察阿司匹林对A549细胞COX2表达的影响;采用流式细胞仪(FCM)、HE染色和DNA末端原位标记染色技术(TUNEL)观察阿司匹林对A549细胞周期的影响及诱导凋亡的作用。结果:阿司匹林呈剂量、时间依赖方式抑制A549细胞增殖,72h细胞最高抑制率达75.6%;阿司匹林作用后,A549细胞COX2蛋白表达明显降低;FCM显示G0/G1期细胞比例增加,达到(60.2±2.33)%,S期和G2/M期细胞比例分别降低到(32.9±2.88)%和(6.9±0.66)%,TUNEL显示细胞凋亡指数(AI)由(3.67±1.15)%增加到(26.33±2.52)%,呈一定剂量效应关系。光镜下可见典型的细胞凋亡形态学变化。结论:阿司匹林可能通过减少COX2表达,改变细胞周期分布和诱导细胞凋亡,从而抑制肺腺癌细胞A549增殖。     

左旋精氨酸预防大剂量顺铂急性肾毒性的剂量探讨

目的探讨左旋精氨酸预防大剂量顺铂急性肾毒性的最佳剂量。方法选择128例肿瘤病人,随机分为A、B、C3组,3组病人顺铂的剂量及用法相同,均为100mg/m2,分两天(第1、2天)给药。3组病人左旋精氨酸的用量分别为每天5g/m2、10g/m2和15g/m2,于化疗的当天在顺铂后应用,每例病人加与不加精氨酸周期的两周期化疗形成自身对照,每例病人化疗前及化疗后24h均检测尿β2-MG、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)及血尿酸,观察3组病人加与不加精氨酸周期化疗前后各观察指标的变化,并比较3组的疗效。结果血BUN、Cr及尿酸无论在加精氨酸周期还是在不加精氨酸周期,化疗前后检测值均无明显变化,该3项指标不宜作为早期急性肾功能损害的检测指标。而A、B、C3组病人化疗后的尿β2-MG值在加与不加精氨酸周期分别为0.9120±0.6618与1.5167±0.7908(P<0.05)、0.5404±0.5810与1.4616±0.8120(P<0.01)及0.4998±0.6210与1.5210±0.7710(P<0.01),均有明显差别,B组的结果差别极其显著,C组的结果差别也极其显著。A、B、C3组的显效率及总有效率分别为40.9%及59.1%、68.2%及90.9%、77.5%及97.5%,经X2检验,A、B两组的显效率及总有效率均差别显著,B、C两组的显效率及总有效率均无显著性差别。结论左旋精氨酸有效预防大剂量顺铂急性肾毒性的最佳剂量为每天10g/m2,增加剂量并不增加疗效。     

液体灌装硬胶囊技术的研究概况

介绍液体灌装硬胶囊技术的研究应用情况,对灌装材料、应用、灌装设备和工艺条件等方面进行概述.     

Hérida Regina Nunes SALGADO,et al:Microbiological assay for the determination of azithromycin in ophthalmic solutionsMicrobiological assay for the determination of azithromycin in ophthalmic solutions

IntroductionAzithromyciniscommercializedbypharmaciesinBrazilinophthalmicsolutionform. Despitetheproveneffectivenessandsafetyinitstreatment, thisdrug,untilthen, doesnotpossessamethodologyofstandar dizedanalysisforophthalmicsolutionsinofficialcom pendiumsan…