Are primary care physicians ill equipped to evaluate and treat childhood physical inactivity?

ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate primary care physician clinical practice patterns, barriers, and education surrounding pediatric physical activity (PA), and to compare practice patterns by discipline.     

再谈辛味药在方剂中的作用

气味理论是中药药性理论的核心内容。五味中之辛味能兼通四气,复兼四味。历代医籍有关气味配伍的记载有很多。如辛行淡渗、辛甘化阳、辛散咸软、辛散酸收、辛开苦降等配伍方法,充分体现了辛味药物在方剂配伍应用中的广泛性特点。因此,认真研究、总结辛味药在方剂中的作用并进而探讨其配伍规律,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文以辛味药为例,探讨其在方剂学中的作用,发现:辛味药的作用主要体现在"运动"二字。这与中医学对机体的认识的主旨思想"阴阳相贯,如环无端"相一致。作用机理在于:以其"动"的特性,协其他药性之偏以纠正机体阴阳之偏,即以偏纠偏。     

经典名方泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱及多指标含量测定研究

目的建立经典名方泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱,结合化学模式识别技术对其进行分析,并测定泽泻汤中3种成分23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C和白术内酯Ⅲ的含量,为泽泻汤质量控制提供科学依据。方法采用Waters WAT054275C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立15批泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱,并采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"、SPSS22.0及SIMCA14.1软件对15批泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度评价及聚类分析(CA)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)等化学模式识别。同时测定23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C和白术内酯Ⅲ的含量。结果建立了15批泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱,相似度均0.94,标定了18个共有峰,指认出3个色谱峰,分别为11号峰白术内酯Ⅲ、15号峰23-乙酰泽泻醇C、16号峰23-乙酰泽泻醇B,CA和PLS-DA将15批泽泻汤样品分为2类,同时15批泽泻汤中23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C和白术内酯Ⅲ的质量分数分别为0.321～0.569、0.075～0.139、0.106～0.142 mg/g。结论 HPLC指纹图谱结合多成分同时测定的方法,快速、简便、重复性好,为泽泻汤及其制剂的质量评价提供参考。     

愈骨疗伤片的处方筛选及制备工艺研究

  目的：优化愈骨疗伤片的制备工艺,筛选最优制剂处方。  方法：在考察提取物粒径基础上,以片剂中川续断皂苷溶出量作为考察指标,采用正交试验对搅拌速度、制粒速度和聚维酮K30浆液浓度三者关系进一步考察。采用单因素进一步优选润滑剂和包衣工艺条件。  结果：最佳的愈骨疗伤片处方为提取物颗粒中加入10%乳糖、7.5%羧甲基淀粉钠和2.5%聚维酮K30,以及0.5%硬脂酸镁混合后压片；采用低浓度乙醇包衣液进行包衣。  结论：制得的愈骨疗伤片制剂工艺稳定,包衣后改善了片剂的吸潮性,增加了产品的稳定性,更便于保存和运输。     

何首乌“九蒸九晒”炮制工艺优选及对L02肝细胞生长的影响

目的探索何首乌"九蒸九晒"最佳炮制工艺及不同炮制品对正常人L02肝细胞生长的影响。方法选择蒸制时间、炮制次数、晒制时间3个因素,采用L9(34)正交试验,以二苯乙烯苷、游离蒽醌、结合蒽醌含量为考察指标,优选炮制工艺;以细胞抑制率为评价指标,考察何首乌不同炮制品对L02肝细胞生长的影响。结果优选的何首乌"九蒸九晒"最佳炮制工艺为:蒸制4 h,晒制4 h,蒸晒11次。优选炮制品的肝细胞抑制率为2.86%,药典法炮制品的肝细胞抑制率为23.67%。结论本研究优选的何首乌"九蒸九晒"炮制工艺结果可靠,评价指标可控,所得炮制品的肝细胞抑制率低于药典法炮制品。     

壮医龙盘止咳方治疗小儿急性支气管炎风热犯肺证30例临床观察

目的:观察壮医龙盘止咳方治疗小儿急性支气管炎风热犯肺证的临床疗效。方法:选取60例急性支气管炎风热犯肺证的患儿,将其随机分为2组,每组各30例。治疗组采用壮医龙盘止咳方治疗,对照组予小儿宣肺止咳颗粒治疗,治疗5d后观察2组患儿的疗效、白介素-4(IL-4)和干扰素-γ(INF-γ)含量的变化情况,并进行中医证候评分。结果:总有效率治疗组为89.66%(26/29),对照组为76.67%(23/30),2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后IL-4高于对照组,INF-γ及中医证候积分均低于对照组,各项指标组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:壮医龙盘止咳方治疗小儿急性支气管炎风热犯肺证疗效显著,值得推广应用。     

A process evaluation of implementing a vocational enablement protocol for employees with hearing difficulties in clinical practice

Objective: A multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme, the Vocational Enablement Protocol (VEP) was developed to address the specific needs of employees with hearing difficulties. In the current study we evaluated the process of implementing the VEP in audiologic care among employees with hearing impairment. Design: In conjunction with a randomized controlled trial, we collected and analysed data on seven process parameters: recruitment, reach, fidelity, dose delivered, dose received and implemented, satisfaction, and perceived benefit. Study sample: Sixty-six employees with hearing impairment participated in the VEP. The multidisciplinary team providing the VEP comprised six professionals. Results: The professionals performed the VEP according to the protocol. Of the recommendations delivered by the professionals, 31% were perceived as implemented by the employees. Compliance rate was highest for hearing-aid uptake (51%). Both employees and professionals were highly satisfied with the VEP. Participants rated good perceived benefit from it. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the VEP could be a useful treatment for employees with hearing difficulties from a process evaluation perspective. Implementation research in the audiological setting should be encouraged in order to further provide insight into parameters facilitating or hindering successful implementation of an intervention and to improve its quality and efficacy.     

阳春砂小花假合蕊柱的形成过程

目的:研究阳春砂小花假合蕊柱的形成过程。方法:将阳春砂小花自0. 5 cm长度至开花后一天划分为8个生长时期,对小花鲜样解剖并制作石蜡切片,测定花药腔的高度,花粉囊裂口夹角,花粉囊缝隙宽度,花柱直径,花丝与唇瓣的夹角(α),花丝与花药的夹角(β)。结果:花粉囊夹角在开花前无明显变化,开花时从32°缩小为17°。两对花粉囊间的缝隙宽度在第5时期增大至约0. 29 mm,同时期的花柱直径约0. 32 mm,两者比例达92%。相比开花前一天,开花时α角从83°减小为42°,β角从186°减小为147°。花丝的远轴侧比近轴侧多1至5层细胞,花柱的近轴侧比远轴侧多1至6层细胞。结论:远、近轴侧细胞结构的不对称性是花丝、花柱运动的基础。在第5时期,花粉囊间的缝隙增大至几乎与花柱等径,花柱运动嵌入花粉囊间。开花时花粉囊夹角缩小,将花粉囊间隙出口封闭,花柱留在花粉囊间,同时角α,β剧烈减小,雄蕊将雌蕊夹在其中向唇瓣弯曲,最终形成半包于唇瓣内的假合蕊柱结构。