补肾通督胶囊治疗肾虚寒凝型类风湿关节炎临床研究

目的：观察补肾通督胶囊治疗肾虚寒凝型类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。方法将71例类风湿关节炎患者随机分为治疗组（36例）和对照组（35例）,治疗组口服补肾通督胶囊,对照组口服雷公藤多苷片,疗程均为12周。观察用药前后临床症状和体征、病情、实验室指标等改善情况。结果治疗组总有效率为72.22%（26/36）,对照组总有效率为62.86%（22/35）,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。2组治疗后临床疾病活动指数、中医证候积分、压痛关节数、肿胀关节数、患者对疾病总体状况评价、医生对疾病总体状况评价、休息痛、晨僵时间、双手平均握力、20 m步行时间、健康状况问卷评分、C反应蛋白水平均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）。中医证候积分治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论补肾通督胶囊对于肾虚寒凝型类风湿关节炎有良好的临床疗效。     

独一味环烯醚萜苷散剂组织相容性研究

目的：研究独一味环烯醚萜苷散剂与动物组织的相容性。方法：在无菌手术条件下大鼠背部左右设置2个间隔3cm的切口,游离皮肤和肌肉组织,右侧切口为空白对照组,左侧为受试组（分别包埋0．5g独一味环烯醚萜苷散剂或云南白药）。缝合后1周处死动物,观察埋植物周围组织的炎细胞浸润和纤维包膜厚度。结果：1周后,环烯醚萜苷散剂基本完全吸收,有少量炎性细胞浸润;云南白药不能被很好吸收,大多形成包块,形成脓腔。实验组独一味环烯醚萜苷散剂埋植体周围组织炎症反应程度比云南白药轻。病理切片结果显示,独一味散剂炎性细胞浸润数较云南白药少,纤维包膜程度较云南白药轻。结论：独一味环烯醚萜苷散剂吸收良好,炎症刺激小,与皮肤组织具有良好的组织相容性。     

地稔中黄酮及其苷类化学成分研究

利用常规柱色谱及高效液相色谱等技术对地稔95%乙醇提取物进行化学成分的分离纯化,从中分离得到13个化合物,根据其理化性质以及NMR和MS等光谱数据鉴定了结构,它们分别是槲皮素(1)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-(6"-O-反式香豆酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、山柰酚(4)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、山柰酚-3-O-[2",6"-O-双反式对香豆酰基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、木犀草素(7)、木犀草素-7-0-(6"-对-香豆酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、芹菜素(9)、芹菜紊-7-O-β-D-(6"-O-7酰基)-葡萄糖苷(10)、柚皮素(11)、异牡荆素(12)、表儿茶素-[8,7-e]-4β-(4-羟基苯)-3,4-二羟基-2(3H)-吡喃酮(13)。化合物3,5,6,8~11和13等8个化合物为首次从地稔中分离得到。     

地黄叶的化学成分研究

目的对地黄叶的化学成分进行分离与结构鉴定。方法采用Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40,Sephadex LH-20,MCI Gel CHP-20,硅胶等多种柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,并根据化合物的波谱数据和理化性质进行结构鉴定。结果从地黄叶的50%含水丙酮组织破碎提取物中分离并鉴定了27个化合物的结构,分别为对羟基苯甲酸(1),龙胆酸(2),6,7-二羟基香豆素(3),对羟基苯乙醇(4),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇(5),原儿茶酸(6),1,2,4-苯三酚(7),香叶木素(8),木樨草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(9),芹菜素(10),2β,3β,19α-三羟基齐墩果-12-烯-13,28-二羧酸(11),2α,3β-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸(12),glutinolic acid(13),β-hydroxyacteoside(14),松果菊苷(15),焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1(16),毛蕊花糖苷(17),异毛蕊花糖苷(18),筋骨草醇(19),梓醇(20),8-表番木鳖酸(21),木樨草素(22),齐墩果酸(23),熊果酸(24),齐墩果酮酸(25),β-谷甾醇(26),胡萝卜苷(27)。结论化合物1~14,23~25为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

枸杞多糖与雷公藤多苷含药血清对生精细胞Caspase3表达的影响

目的：观察枸杞多糖与雷公藤多苷含药血清对生精细胞Caspase3表达的影响。方法：将45只SD大鼠按随机分为无药血清组、雷公藤多苷血清组、雷公藤多苷与枸杞多糖混合血清组,每组各15只,灌胃给药。无药血清组予双蒸水0.5 mL·100 g-1,雷公藤多苷血清组予雷公藤多苷0.9 mg·100 g-1,雷公藤多苷与枸杞多糖混合血清组予雷公藤多苷0.9 mg·100 g-1和枸杞多糖16 mg·100 g-1,均每天1次,连续1周制备含药血清;分离生精细胞并原代培养;将细胞分为4组,分别是无药血清组、胎牛血清组、雷公藤多苷血清组、枸杞多糖与雷公藤多苷混合血清组,加各组相应血清并培养;分别在24 h、48 h后用MTT法检测细胞的增值率、用免疫细胞化学法检测Caspase3表达。结果：24 h、48 h细胞生长增值率组间比较均有显著性差异,枸杞多糖与雷公藤多苷混合血清组OD值均显著高于雷公藤多苷血清组（P〈0.05）,枸杞多糖与雷公藤多苷混合血清组生长增值率几乎接近无药血清组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;24 h时,混合血清组与FBS组OD值相差不大,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而48 h时,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;各组表达位置均在支持细胞或生精细胞的胞质或胞核,Caspase3的表达强度雷公藤多苷血清组明显高于其他3组（P〈0.05）;混合血清组与无药血清组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,与FBS组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;各组间比较差异较显著（P〈0.01）。结论：枸杞多糖可以下调生精细胞的Caspase3表达,从而促进生殖损伤的恢复。     

夏至草的化学成分及药理作用研究述评

夏至草现代药理学研究证实其在改善血液和淋巴微循环障碍,心肌保护、抗炎、抗氧化等方面具有确切的药理作用。研究发现,从夏至草中分离得到的半日花烷型二萜类化合物如夏至草素具有多种生物活性,如松弛血管,心脏保护和解痉镇痛等。这些生物活性与夏至草传统的活血化瘀、消炎功效相一致。因此,研究夏至草中半日花烷型二萜类化合物及其生物活性,对于阐明夏至草的药效物质基础具有重要意义。很有必要对其化学成分及其药理活性进行深入系统的研究,阐明其药效物质基础和作用机制,为其进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

Two new triterpenoid glycosides from the leaves of Anthocephalus chinensis

Nine compounds were isolated from the leaves of Anthocephalus chinensis by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques as clethric acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1), mussaendoside T (2), β-stigmasterol (3), hederagenin (4), ursolic acid (5), clethric acid (6), 3β,6β,19α,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (7), mussaendoside I (8), and cadambine (9). Compounds 1 and 2, and 7 and 8 were isolated from the plants of this genus for the first time, and compounds 1 and 2 were new triterpenoid glycosides.     

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of polyphenolic compounds isolated from the leaves of Leucenia leucocephala

Context: Cancer is a serious clinical problem to the health care system. Anticancer drugs have been extracted from plants containing phenolic compounds. Leucenia species (Fabaceae) contain a variety of bioactive components of numerous biological and pharmacological properties.

Objective: This study explored the constitutive polyphenols of Leucenia leucocephala Lam. growing in Egypt and evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.

Materials and methods: Chemical structures of the isolated compounds from the leaves of L. leucocephala were established by spectral techniques (UV, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR, MS).

Results: Chromatographic separation of 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of L. leucocephala have resulted in a novel flavonoid-galloyl glycoside [myricetin 3-O-(2′,3′4′-tri-O-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside] with three known polyphenolic compounds isolated for the first time from this species (apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester, luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester, and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose) and seven known previously isolated compounds. Also, 80% methanol extract exhibited high antioxidant activity (SC₅₀?=?3.94 µg/ml), which is correlated with its phenolic content. The extract also showed cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 (IC₅₀ value 1.41 µg/ml) confirming its anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the tested compounds (4–8) for antioxidant property, compound 7 was the most active compound (SC₅₀?=?2.49 µg/ml). Also compounds 7 and 8 exhibited high cytotoxic activity (IC₅₀?=?2.41 and 2.81 µg/ml, respectively).

Discussion and conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the leaves of L. leucocephala contain a considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant properties, thus it has great potential as a source for natural health products.     

Structural elucidation and evaluation of toxicity and antitumor activity of cardiac glycosides isolated from Leptadenia pyrotechnica

Investigation of the chemical constituents of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne (Asclepiadaceae) led to the isolation of three cardiac glycosides; 14,19-dihydroxycard-20 (22)-enolide-3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-digitoxoside] C-I, 14,19-dihydroxycard-20 (22)-enolide-3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranoside] C-II and 14,19-dihydroxycard-20 (22)-enolide-3-O-β-d-digitoxoside C-III. The isolation and identification of these compounds were carried out using rotation locular counter current chromatography (RLCCC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by fast-atom bombardment (FAB) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. The acute toxicity studies of the cardiac glycosides and total alcohol extracts were examined by brine shrimp. Their lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) were 18.84 and 11.89 ppm, respectively. The antitumor activity potato disk assays of the cardiac glycosides and total alcohol extracts had shown good activity ? 30.8% and 49.3%, respectively.     

北刘寄奴中苯乙醇苷类成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究中药北刘寄奴(Siphonostegia chinensis Benth.)的化学成分。方法采用正相硅胶、反相ODS、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及高效液相色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质与光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从北刘寄奴体积分数为95%的乙醇提取物中分离了6个苯乙醇苷类单体成分,分别鉴定为去咖啡酰基类叶升麻苷(decaffeoylverbascoside,1)、acteoside(2)、isoacte-oside(3)、crenatoside(4)、β-oxoacteoside(5)和syringalide A 3'-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(6)。结论其中化合物1、3～6为首次从阴行草属中分离得到。