直肠癌旁移行粘膜电镜观察

对１６例直肠癌旁０～５ｃｍ粘膜采用粘蛋白组织化学与电镜的方法对比观察。结果表明，移行区细胞有早期亚微结构的病理改变，杯状细胞及未分化细胞增多，有轻度异形性，并出现“双重特征”细胞。证明癌旁移行粘膜细胞成熟迟缓，应视为潜在癌前期改变。     

应用人自体血清培养人口腔黏膜上皮的实验研究

目的 研究人自体血清培养人口腔黏膜移植生长的生物学特性，为组织工程化尿道提供新材料。方法 将人自体血清培养黏膜移植于裸鼠体内，分别于移植后2、3、4、6周观察培养黏膜生长与转归，应用anti—HLA免疫荧光鉴定成活黏膜组织属性，应用抗人Ⅳ型胶原及抗人层黏蛋白为基底膜形成指标。结果 裸鼠体内移植培养黏膜成活生长分化良好，anti—HLA免疫荧光证实为移植的培养人黏膜组织；免疫组化发现移植后3周开始形成基底膜，4周形成完整的基底膜。结论 自体血清培养的人口腔黏膜可形成功能完整的上皮组织。     

胆汁返流性胃炎胃粘膜超微结构研究

为探讨胆汁返流性胃炎的发病机理和应用中药治疗此病的效果，作者进行了胃粘膜超微结构观察。在治疗前、后取胃粘膜做光、电镜检查，发现本病胃粘膜变化突出的特点是淋巴细胞侵入腺细胞内，溶解腺细胞，破坏细胞间联接装置，使腺腔破溃，腺管萎缩。以上变化可占全部病例的８７．５％。另一特点是腺细胞内出现微囊（８例中有４例），这在慢性胃炎尚未见有电镜观察报道。作者认为胆汁返流性胃炎可以是慢性萎缩性胃炎的前驱，而腺体萎缩的原因是由于淋巴细胞的浸润破坏；这为由细胞介导引起的胃腺细胞损伤提供了形态学依据。     

肠易激综合征患者结肠粘膜扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察１０例肠易激综合征（ＩＢＳ）患者降结肠粘膜的超微结构并和２例正常者进行比较性研究，结果发现ＩＢＳ组结肠粘膜上皮细胞表面微绒毛有局灶性破坏，破坏区微绒毛排列不整齐，数量稀少或缺如，结肠腺数量明显增多，腺窝开口大。腺窝处见有大量粘液分泌物和数量显著增多的杯状细胞。作者认为，ＩＢＳ并非是消化迫功能性疾病，而是有结肠粘膜超微结构改变的器质性疾病     

Oral manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: seven case reports

BACKGROUND: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent candidal infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes or by a variable combination of endocrine failure as well as immunodeficiency. Oral clinicopathological features of CMC have seldom been described in detail. METHODS: Seven patients with CMC were reported in the study. The clinical and histological findings, etiological Candida species, immunological evaluation, and therapeutic pattern of oral lesions, were analyzed. RESULTS: Long-standing whitish hyperplastic and nodule-like lesions with exaggerated deep fissure were the typical and characteristic oral manifestations presented by all patients. The tongue was the most common site affected. Histologically, no obvious distinction was found between CMC and other forms of candidal infection. Abnormal proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets and positive titers of autoantibody were observed in three subjects (42.9%) and one patient (14.3%) respectively. Meanwhile, four subjects (57.1%) showed decreased albumin and increased globulin, three cases (42.9%) had high levels of ESR. But no iron deficiency was found. Candida albicans was the microorganism isolated from these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple and widespread candidal infectious lesions can be observed on the oral cavity of CMC patients. Hyperplastic and nodule-like lesion with irremovable whitish patches and deep fissure are the most common oral manifestations of these patients. Dentists, otolaryngologists and pediatricians should be familiar with the clinical appearances of CMC to make an accurate diagnosis. Potential systemic disorders should be concerned to avoid the reoccurrence of oral candidiasis.     

A Correlation Between the Permeability Characteristics of a Series of Peptides Using an in Vitro Cell Culture Model (Caco-2) and Those Using an in Situ Perfused Rat Ileum Model of the Intestinal Mucosa

In an attempt to establish an in vitro/in situ correlation of intestinal permeability data, the permeability coefficients (P _app) for a series of model peptides, which were determined using an in situ perfused rat ileum model, were compared to the permeability coefficients (P _mono) determined using an in vitro cell culture model (Caco-2). The model peptides, which were all blocked on the N-terminal (acetyl, Ac) and the C-terminal (amide, NH2) ends, consisted of D-phenylalanine (F) residues (e.g., AcFNH₂, AcFFNH₂, AcFFFNH₂). To alter the degree of hydrogen bonding potential, the nitrogens of the amide bonds were sequentially methylated [e.g., AcFF(Me)FNH₂, AcF(Me)F(Me)FNH₂, Ac(Me)F(Me)F(Me)FNH₂, Ac-(Me)F(Me)F(Me)FNH(Me)]. These peptides were shown not to be metabolized in the in situ perfused rat ileum system. The results of the transport experiments showed that there were poor correlations between the apparent permeability coefficients (P _app) determined in an in situ perfused rat ileum model and the octanol–water partition coefficients (r = 0.60) or the hydrogen bonding numbers (r = 0.63) of these peptides. However, good correlations were observed between the in situ P _app values for these peptides and their partition coefficients in heptane–ethylene glycol (r = 0.96) and the differences in their partition coefficients between octanol–water and isooctane–water (r = 0.86). These results suggest that lipophilicity may not be the major factor in determining the intestinal permeability of these peptides and that hydrogen bonding potential may be a major contributing factor. A good correlation (r = 0.94) was also observed between the P _app values determined for these peptides in the in situ perfused ileum model and those P _mono values determined in the in vitro cell culture model (Caco-2) (Conradi et al., Pharm. Res. 8:1453–1460, 1991). These results suggest that the permeability values determined in the Caco-2 cell culture model may be a good predictor of the intestinal permeability of peptides.     

辐射对豚鼠鼻黏膜组织结构及微血管的影响

目的：探讨辐射对豚鼠鼻黏膜结构及微血管的损伤。方法：选择健康豚鼠84只，随机分为对照组（12只）及照射组（72只）。均在同样条件下喂养。将照射组豚鼠置于直线加速器射线内照射，每周1次，每次照射5Gy，计3周，总剂量15Gy，建立辐射损伤动物模型。分别于照射后0．5、1.0、2．0、3．0、5．0、6．0个月处死动物12只，随机取6只做鼻腔黏膜微血管铸型，另6只做病理检查。对照组在假照射后6个月处死动物，随机各选6只分别做鼻黏膜微血管铸型检查和病理检查。结果：照射组豚鼠的鼻黏膜辐射后早期表现为急性炎症反应，黏膜大量坏死、脱落，电镜下见仅少部分黏膜表面还被覆着正常的纤毛结构。以后黏膜开始修复，至6个月时基本结束，但大部分黏膜失去了正常的纤毛柱状上皮结构特点，部分区域甚至代为组织转化的鳞状上皮；微血管铸型可见，早期改变为毛细血管扩张充血及血管内皮细胞肿胀，以后逐渐出现毛细血管的扭曲变形、闭塞及中断，毛细血管数量大量减少，致血液回流障碍，微静脉萎瘪。后期部分区域出现新生的毛细血管，但结构紊乱，不具备微循环的功能。结论：鼻黏膜的损伤、晚期的鳞状上皮组织转化以及鼻黏膜微循环的破坏是放疗后鼻腔功能障碍的病理学基础。     

Effects of ethmoidal nerve stimulation on respiration-related neurones in the dorsal medulla of the cat

Stimulation of the nasal mucosa produces a number of respiratory reflexes the afferent limb of which is provided by the ethmoidal nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve. In the cat this nerve terminates within the trigeminal nucleus. It has no direct projection to brainstem respiratory centres. This study examines the response of respiratory-related neurones in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) to ethmoidal stimulation. It demonstrates that these neurones show both excitatory and inhibitory responses to ethmoidal stimulation. Thus, the NTS appears to be involved in respiratory reflexes initiated by stimulation of the nasal mucosa.     

环氧酶-2抑制剂对关节炎大鼠小肠黏膜的影响

目的 探讨环氧酶-2抑制剂对关节炎大鼠小肠黏膜的影响。方法 将32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、造模对照组、空白给药组和造模给药组,造模对照组、造模给药组给予弗氏完全佐剂右后足跖注射,空白对照组、空白给药组注射等量生理盐水。1周后造模给药组、空白给药组给予选择性环氧酶-2抑制剂塞来昔布（溶于1%甲基纤维素）灌胃28 d,空白对照组、造模对照组给予等量溶剂。处死大鼠后观察小肠黏膜大体损伤、病理评分,酶联免疫吸附试验检测末段小肠前列腺素浓度。结果 造模对照组与造模给药组模型复制第7天的足周径比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但两组分别与空白对照组和空白给药组比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,空白对照组与空白给药组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。空白对照组与造模对照组小肠黏膜损伤面积比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,空白给药组与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。造模对照组、空白给药组和造模给药组组间小肠黏膜病理评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,且空白对照组与其他3组比较,差异有统计学意义（P &...     

Expression of CDX2 and MUC2 in Barrett's mucosa

Barrett's mucosa is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma and should be detected at an early stage. It is defined by the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the lower esophagus, but histologic diagnosis can be uncertain in the absence of distinct goblet cells. We investigated 55 biopsies from 48 patients with endoscopically plain Barrett's esophagus and performed immunohistochemistry for CDX2 and MUC2. In addition, alcian blue (pH 2,5)/PAS staining was done. In histologically unequivocal Barrett's mucosa, nuclear expression of CDX2 in goblet cells and many columnar cells, as well as cytoplasmic positivity for MUC2 in goblet cells, could be observed. Alcian blue (pH 2,5)/PAS stained acidic mucins in goblet cells and in some non-goblet columnar cells. In six cases, no definite Barrett's mucosa was present, and no expression of MUC2 could be observed. In these biopsies, there was granular cytoplasmic and/or focal nuclear staining for CDX2 in non-goblet columnar epithelial cells, indicating their intestinal differentiation. We suggest that this peculiar mucosa is the precursor of unequivocal Barrett's mucosa and would designate it early Barrett's mucosa. Alcian blue for acidic mucins is inconsistent in this epithelium and does not reliably indicate early intestinal differentiation.