Effects of lead on 4-aminobiphenyl pharmacokinetics in liver,kidney, spleen,testes, heart,lung and hemoglobin adduct for rat model

Lead affects almost every system in the body and 4-aminobiphenyl increases the incidence of bladder cancer among human exposed to aromatic amines, but little attention has been paid to the effects of lead (heavy metals) on the distribution and metabolic kinetics of 4-ABP (organic pollutants) in the organisms of the terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, male S.D. rats as model animals drinking tap water with and without lead with i.p. injection of 4-aminophenyl were used to study 4-aminobiphenyl pharmacokinetics with statistical analysis in three types of information systems: (1) hemoglobin adduct in the blood; (2) distribution concentrations in liver, kidney, spleen, testes, heart and lung; (3) relative weights of the six organs. Kinetic equations of 4-aminobiphenyl–hemoglobin adduct for two groups of rats drinking water with and without lead were all linear. Principal components were obtained based on three types of variants: (1) variants of distribution concentrations; (2) variants of relative weights; (3) variants of hemoglobin adduct, distribution concentrations and relative weights. Through a comparison of two groups of principal components, the result implied that lead changed 4-aminobiphenyl distribution kinetics in the six organs, had significant effects on the six organ relative weights, and had also significant effects on all thirteen variants as a whole. Correlation analysis of the principal components showed that lead could not significantly change the relation of hemoglobin adduct with time after dosing 4-aminobiphenyl. However, another result indicated that lead considerably improved the correlation between hemoglobin adduct and the thirteen variants as a whole. This implied that hemoglobin adduct could characterize all the thirteen variants as an index of 4-aminobiphenyl pharmacokinetics for the rats drinking water with lead, which conclusion was not suitable for the rats drinking water without lead. The research indicated that heavy metals existing in the organisms play an important role in the studies on pharmacotoxicology of organic pollutants. Frequently, various xenobiotics (heavy metals and organic pollutants) enter organisms simultaneously, therefore heavy metals should be considered comprehensively in the pharmacotoxicology of organic pollutants in animals in the terrestrial ecosystems theoretically and practically.     

A marine bioassay test set to assess marine water and sediment quality-its need,the approach and first results

There is a need for establishing a marine bioassay test set to assess marine water and sediment samples in Germany. The selected marine bioassay test set, two tests for the water phase (with the luminescence bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin) and a whole sediment test with the marine amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) is described and first results are shown.     

水生生物在人体公共卫生研究中应用的思考

简要介绍涉水人体疫病及水环境有害因子对人体健康的影响，水生实验动物在人类疾病研究及环境检测方面的研究进展。探讨以水生生物为材料进行涉水人体公共卫生研究的应用前景。     

一株产抑制真菌活性全霉素的胶州湾海洋链霉菌

目的研究胶州湾海洋链霉菌M095抑菌活性代谢产物及菌株M095的分类。方法采用ESI-MS,EI-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR和APTNMR等波谱分析进行结构测定;并根据培养特征、形态特征及16SrDNA序列分析进行分类。结果获得一种对金黄色葡萄球菌和丝状真菌毛霉miehei(Tü284)均有显著抑制作用的化合物,经鉴定其结构与全霉素相同;该菌株可能为球孢类群中的一个变种。结论本文首次报道了全霉素对丝状真菌的抑制作用,拓宽了全霉素的抗菌谱。     

海洋真菌96F197抗癌活性成分研究

目的对海洋真菌代谢产物中抗癌活性成分进行分离和结构鉴定,并对得到的化合物进行体外抗癌活性评价。方法用硅胶、SephedaxHL-20、ODS柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离,通过化合物的理化性质及各种光谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。采用MTT法测定化合物体外抗癌活性。结果从真菌菌丝体的丙酮提取物中分离得到两个生物碱类化合物和两个甾醇类化合物,分别鉴定为viridicatol(1)、sclerotiamide(2)、22E-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(3)、22E-5α,8α-桥二氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)。化合物3和4在50μg·mL-1的质量浓度下可以明显地抑制HepG2、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和NCI-H460肿瘤细胞的生长。结论化合物3和4有明显的体外抗癌作用。     

海洋来源抗肿瘤活性物质研究进展

海洋生物作为抗肿瘤活性物质的重要来源,提供了许多结构新颖、活性特异的化合物,其中一些抗肿瘤活性化合物已进入临床研究。随着现代分离技术的进步,越来越多的具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物从海洋生物中分离得到,现主要介绍近5年来国内外报道的新化合物的结构特征及其抗肿瘤活性。     

海藻多糖对γ射线照射小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

目的观察海藻多糖对γ射线照射损伤小鼠巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响。方法通过测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、产生IL-1和NO能力,考察海藻多糖对γ射线照射小鼠巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响。结果海藻多糖处理组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、产生IL-1和NO能力较未给药照射组明显增强(P均<0.05)。结论海藻多糖对辐射所致的巨噬细胞免疫功能损伤有明显的拮抗作用。     

抗MRSA海绵真菌的分离及菌株W0707的鉴定

目的对采自海南、湛江海域的海绵样品进行真菌选择性分离,对其发酵液进行抗MRSA活性筛选,并对活性较好的菌株进行鉴定。方法以耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌MRSA3558为指示菌,利用KB法进行活性菌株筛选,通过对菌株的培养特征、形态特征、18S rDNA序列测定及其系统发育分析对菌株W0707进行鉴定。结果与结论添加青霉素和链霉素的海水马丁氏培养基具有很好的培养真菌选择性,共分离得到真菌133株,活性筛选得到阳性菌株4株,其中菌株W0707具有较强的抗MRSA活性,通过各种指标鉴定菌株W0707为土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)。     

南海海绵Hyrtios erectus的肿瘤细胞毒活性成分研究

目的对中国南海海绵Hyrtios erectus的细胞毒活性化学成分进行研究。方法采用多种色谱技术对化合物进行分离纯化,应用光谱技术和理化性质,结合文献对照,鉴定化合物的结构。并用MTT法测定化合物的细胞毒活性。结果从海绵Hyrtios erectus的脂溶性部分共分离得到5个化合物,其结构鉴定为:Hyr-tiosal(Ⅰ),12-βHydroxy-16-scalaren-24,25-olide(Ⅱ),5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-ethanol(Ⅲ),胆甾醇(Ⅳ),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(V)。结论化合物为首次从海绵Hyrtios erectus中分离得到,化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ显示了较强的细胞毒活性。