半夏曲炮制中4种优势微生物的生理生化特性及黄色素含量测定

目的研究半夏曲中4种优势微生物的生理生化特性,测定炮制过程中不同时间点各样本的黄色素含量,为揭示半夏曲炮制机制奠定基础。方法以半夏曲中筛选出的4株优势菌枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillussubtilis、宛氏拟青霉Paecilomyces variotii、丝衣霉菌Byssochlamys spectabilis、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger为研究对象,分别测定它们的最适宜生长温度、pH值,利用糖类的产酸能力以及产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、黄色素的能力,同时测定半夏曲炮制过程中5个不同时间点样本的黄色素含量。结果枯草芽孢杆菌、宛氏拟青霉、丝衣霉菌、黑曲霉生长的最适温度分别为35℃、29℃、29～31℃、39℃,最适pH值分别为7.0、7.0、7.5、7.0。4种菌均具有产淀粉酶和蛋白酶的能力,宛氏拟青霉、丝衣霉菌具有产黄色素能力。5个不同时间点样品的黄色素质量分数分别为69.875、69.875、71.750、119.500、137.875μg/g。结论 4种优势微生物在半夏曲炮制中可能起重要作用。     

深海细菌Psychrobacter submarinus 1A01998的次级代谢产物研究

目的 对来自深海沉积物中的海洋细菌Psychrobacter submarinus1 A01998的次级代谢产物进行研究.方法 采用大孑L吸附树脂、硅胶、ODS和Sephadex LH-20凝胶等柱层析色谱分离方法,对海洋细菌Psychrobacter submarinus1 A01998进行次级代谢产物的分离纯化,根据1H NMR、13C NMR和MS等波谱数据分析并结合相关文献对化学结构进行鉴定.结果 从深海细菌Psychrobacter submarinus 1A01998的发酵粗提物中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为环(L-脯氨酸-L-酪氨酸)(1)、环(D-脯氨酸-L-酪氨酸)(2)、3-吲哚甲醛(3)、2'-O-甲氧基尿嘧啶核苷(4).结论 化合物1～4均为首次从该属中分离得到,其中化合物1、2为环二肽类化合物.     

Microbial competition, lack in macronutrients, and acidity as main obstacles to the transfer of basidiomycetous ground fungi into (organically or heavy-metal contaminated) soils

Non-symbiotic soil microorganisms which have been expensively engineered or selected to support plant nutrition, control root diseases, degrade xenobiotic hydrocarbons, and repress or stimulate heavy metal uptake of plants fail to survive in target soils. This prompted studies into the role of chemistry and microbial pre-colonization of 23 top soils in long-term growth of basidiomycetes. Fungi are seen as auxiliary agents in soil remediation. Untreated soils (1.5 L) were colonized by lignocellulose preferring ground fungi such as Agaricus aestivalis, A. bisporus, A. campestris, A. edulis, A. macrocarpus, A. porphyrizon, Agrocybe dura, A. praecox, Clitocybe sp., Coprinus comatus, Lepista nuda, L. sordida, Macrolepiota excoriata, M. procera, Stropharia coronilla, and S. rugoso-annulata. Spawn mycelia of fairy-ring-type fungi such as Agaricus arvensis, A. fissuratus, A. langei, A. lanipes, A. pilatianus, Lyophyllum sp., and Marasmius oreades died back in contact with non-sterile soils. Fungal growth correlated positively with the soils' Ct Ca K Mg content and negatively with microbial CO2 evolution. Pasteurization and autoclaving increased mycelial growth and life span in soils pH 6.6-8.2. Growth of pH-sensitive but not of pH-tolerant fungi was inhibited on the Ca-deficient soils pH 4-4.4 (-5.6) and was not improved by autoclaving. The pretended fungistasis of acid soils to pH-sensitive fungi was controlled by N P K mineral (pH not altering) or organic (pH increasing) fertilizing as well as by neutralization with NaOH or CaCO3. Although microbial competition was mortal to 33% of the fungal mycelia inserted into natural unplanted soils, further seriously antifungal effects beyond those pretended by low pH conditions and shortage in mineral macronutrients were not identified.     

海绵共附生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum次级代谢产物的化学成分及生物活性研究

目的 对分离自西沙隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum的次级代谢产物进行化学成分及其生物活性研究,以期发现结构特异并且活性良好的次级代谢产物。方法 对隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum用真菌2号培养基发酵,发酵后的菌丝体采用溶剂提取、萃取和现代色谱分离纯化手段,再运用现代核磁波谱技术并结合高分辨质谱鉴定化合物结构。基于微阵列技术的表面等离子体共振成像（SPRi）系统,检测化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的相互作用,并提供化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的结合动力学数据。结果 通过分离隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真Penicilliumchrysogenum的菌丝体提取物,从中分离鉴定了7个单体化合物,鉴定结果为conidiogenone（1）、2-acetylquinazolin-4(3H)-one（2）、15β-hydroxyl-(22E,24R)-ergosta-3,5,8,22-tetraen-on（3）、ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one（4）、 2-((2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione（5）、(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol（6）、2-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one（7）。结论 化合物3和6是从Penicillium属内第一次分离得到,化合物4是从真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum中第一次分离得到,化合物5与肿瘤蛋白VEGFR-1、FGFR有亲和作用,KD的数值分别为7.78×10-3和1.44×10-1 μmol/L。     

In vitro activities of inulin fermentation products to HCT-116 cells enhanced by the cooperation between exogenous strains and adult faecal microbiota

Inulin was fermented by adult faecal microbiota and 10 exogenous strains for 24 or 48?h. The contents of acetate, propionate, butyrate and lactate were quantified in the fermented products, and the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on a human colon cell line (HCT-116 cells) were assessed. Most of these strains increased contents of acetate, propionate and butyrate, and promoted lactate conversion. Correlation analysis suggested that butyrate and lactate in the fermentation products were positively and negatively correlated with the measured inhibition ratios (p?via inducing DNA fragmentation and increasing total apoptotic populations in the treated cells. Moreover, the fermentation products with higher growth-inhibitory activities demonstrated the increased apoptosis-inducing properties. In conclusion, these strains could cooperate with adult faecal microbiota to confer inulin fermentation products with higher anti-colon cancer activity.     

基于聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳法的博物馆展厅空气细菌群落动态监测

目的了解博物馆展厅内空气中细菌数量和种类的动态变化。方法于2015年6月至2017年5月连续24个月在博物馆同一展厅同一位置进行空气微生物采样,采用培养法对空气微生物菌落总数进行检测,并进一步采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳法(PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)对空气中细菌的组成种类进行分析。结果监测的两年间展厅空气中细菌数量有波动,菌落总数为78～616 CFU/m^3之间,主要种类有5～15种,种类变化存在季节性差异。马胃葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus equorum)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、溶血性葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus hominis)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)在24个月内均有检出,且未随季节和人员的不同而变化。结论持续两年的监测显示博物馆展厅空气中细菌在种类和数量上呈现季节性变化,但已在一定程度上形成稳态。     

石莼、网地藻多糖含量与藻际微生物丰度关系研究

目的：研究石莼、网地藻藻际微生物丰度对多糖含量的影响。方法：通过实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术对石莼、网地藻所附着的藻际微生物丰度进行研究(细菌16S rDNA以及真菌18S rDNA丰度)。结果：石莼多糖含量、藻际微生物总DNA含量均显著高于网地藻(p <0.05)。石莼藻际微生物丰度(细菌1.04×1010-1.42×1010拷贝数/g干样,真菌1.01×107-1.38×107拷贝数/g干样) 显著高于网地藻(细菌2.05×108-6.9×108拷贝数/g干样、真菌2.59×105-4.79×105拷贝数/g干样)(p<0.01)。典型对应分析(CCA分析)表明石莼、网地藻多糖含量与藻际微生物(细菌、真菌)丰度显著相关。结论：石莼、网地藻藻际微生物丰度对多糖含量有一定影响。     

益生菌联合谷氨酰胺对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者肠道微生物的影响

目的探讨益生菌联合谷氨酰胺对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者肠道微生物的影响。方法收集46例确诊为腹泻型肠易激综合征的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组23例。对照组给予常规综合治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予益生菌联合谷氨酰胺治疗。分别在治疗前1 d及治疗4周后检测两组患者肠道菌群的变化,并观察疗效。结果治疗前,两组患者肠道菌群比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组相比,治疗组腹痛及腹泻恢复时间缩短。治疗后,治疗组患者乳杆菌属和肠球菌属的菌落数均明显增加(P<0.05),且多于对照组(P<0.05);酵母样真菌菌落数显著降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论益生菌联合谷氨酰胺可增加腹泻型肠易激综合征患者肠道乳杆菌等益生菌,维持肠道微生态平衡,促进腹痛腹泻等症状的缓解,临床疗效确切。