人乳头瘤病毒16型(湖北株)E7基因在体内和体外的表达

构建人乳头瘤病毒１６型（ＨＰＶ１６）Ｅ７湖北株（ＨＢ）基因真核表达质粒,探讨其在哺乳动物体外,体内表达状况,为本地区ＨＰＶ相关肿瘤的基因治疗提供依据。方法采用分子克隆技术,构建ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７－ＨＢ重组表达质粒,磷酸钙－ＤＮＡ沉淀技术及基因免疫技术将外源目的基因（ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７－ＨＢ）导入ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞及大、小鼠体内ＰＣＲ,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,免疫荧光染色技术对外源目的基因及其产物（ｍＲ－ＮＡ,蛋白质。     

湖南省肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗效果免疫(感染)增强和免疫策略研究

采用ＩＦＡＴ法检测特异ＩｇＧ荧光抗体,用ＭＣＰＥＮＴ法检测中和抗体滴度,追踪流行病学防病效果。结果表明,该疫苗的安全性较好,总反应率为３１９％,中强反应１８２％,反应以局部一过性疼痛多见,无异常反应。疫苗３针全程免疫后２周、加强前、加强后２周、１年和２年,３年中和抗体阳转率分别为３１４０％、９３３％、８７５０％、５３８５％、３８１０％和３５００％。荧光抗体阳转率分别为８４９１％、２２５０％、８５００％、１５７９％、１０２０％和９０５％。疫苗的流行病学防病效果好,３针全程免疫后（１９９５４）至今（１９９９．３）接种者无人发病,对照组发病８例,保护率为１００００％,观察到试区疫情较四周非试区低,疫苗复盖率达５０％以上,似可有效控制疫情。发现有１例接种者在经过一个流行高峰期后荧光抗体较前呈４周以上增高,但无临床表现。未发现接种人群中有免疫（感染）增强问题。     

Oral pseudomonas aeruginosa immunization enhances survival in mice subsequently burned and infected with P. aeruginosa

Mice fed 0 serotype-specific strains of P. aeruginosa for two weeks, had increased titers of IgM but not IgG antibodies to the strains fed. Immunized mice, burned and infected with P. aeruginosa, showed significant 0 serotype-specific enhanced survival. Survival of mice fed several 0 serotype-specific strains simultaneously increased when these mice were burned and infected with P. aeruginosa homologous to those fed except when a high exotoxin A producing strain was used. Mice fed purified exotoxin A showed an increased LD₅₀ when injected with graded toxin doses. Feeding both 0 serotype-specific P. aeruginosa plus exotocin A increased survival even with burn and infection using the high toxin producing strain. We conclude that feeding P. aeruginosa antigens provides successful immunization which avoids the effects of parental adminstration.     

抗人类免疫缺陷病毒蓝藻蛋白-N研究进展

蓝藻抗病毒蛋白 N (cyanovirin N ,CV N )是一种从椭孢念珠藻 (Nostocelliposporum )中分离出的抗病毒活性蛋白 ,能够有效地抑制多个亚型的人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ (HIV Ⅰ ) ,Ⅱ (HIV Ⅱ )以及猴免疫缺陷病毒 (SIV )。CV N的上述特性使它可能成为艾滋病 (AIDS)的潜在高效治疗药物。大量研究证明 ,CV N与包膜糖蛋白 12 0 (GP12 0 )具有高度亲和性并能够阻断由包膜蛋白介导的细胞融合过程从而阻止病毒的扩散。CV N的出现标志着天然多肽抗艾滋病药物时代的到来     

Hepatitis B and C virus infection in Polish children with malignancies

Infections by hepatotropic viruses belong to the most common complications of chemotherapy in children suffering from neoplastic diseases. The rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the effectiveness of passive immunization against HBV were studied in 285 children; 148/285 with lymphoproliferative diseases and 137/285 with solid tumours. HBV infection was observed in 10.2% children receiving hepatitis B immune globulin as compared to 36.8% without passive immunization against HBV. Anti-HCV antibodies were similar in both groups amounting 38.7% and 32.6% respectively. Conclusion The results show that hepatitis B immune globulin administration is effective and that HCV might become the main cause of hepatitis among immunosuppressed patients in the future. Received: 13 December 1994 / Accepted: 18 October 1996     

Incidence of apnoea and bradycardia in preterm infants following DTPw and Hib immunization: A prospective study

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and severity of apnoea and bradycardia in hospitalized preterm infants following immunization at 2 months of age, and identify risk factors.
Methodology: A prospective study of 98 preterm infants, of gestational age 24–31 weeks, immunized at approximately 2 months post natal age with diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP_w) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at King George V Hospital Sydney. Half the infants also received Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib) simultaneously. All infants were monitored for apnoea and bradycardia in the 24 h periods pre- and post immunization.
Results: Only one infant had apnoea and/or bradycardia pre-immunization compared with 17 post immunization. For 12 infants these events were brief, self-limiting and not associated with desaturations (oxygen saturation <90%). However, for five infants (30%) these events were associated with oxygen desaturation and two of these infants required supplemental oxygen. The group that had apnoea and/or bradycardia and the group that did not were not significantly different in terms of gestational age, birth weight and other variables. Infants who received Hib together with DTP_w were less likely to have apnoea and/or bradycardia than those given DTP_w alone.
Conclusion: When considering immunization for preterm infants, the benefits of early immunization must be balanced against the risk of apnoea and bradycardia. We recommend that the cardio-respiratory function of hospitalized infants born at less than 31 weeks gestation be monitored for 48 h post immunization.     

γ1neo-hgp100基因的体外转染表达及体内免疫保护效应

肿瘤转移是一个复杂的、多步骤的、肿瘤细胞和宿主细胞相互作用的过程，是恶性肿瘤的重要生物学行为，往往是导致病人死亡的直接原因。随着分子生物学的发展，对肿瘤转移抑制的研究已进入分子水平，nm23基因即是近年来发现并被证实与多种肿瘤的转移有关的较新的肿瘤抑制基因，该基因可能通过影响细胞内微管的聚合／解聚和G蛋白介导的信号传导，而参与肿瘤的发生和发展。     

山东省实施儿童风疹疫苗免疫后风疹发病年龄变化趋势的分析

目的分析山东省自1995年开始实施儿童风疹疫苗免疫后风疹发病年龄的变化趋势。方法对1999—2004年通过麻疹疫情专报系统得到的风疹疫情资料以及风疹疫苗接种情况进行分析。结果1999—2004年山东省风疹年平均报告发病率为0．59／10万，多为暴发（占总病例数的81．17％）；发病主要集中在7～15岁学龄儿童（77．77％），7岁以下发病较少（占7．93％），发病年龄中位数分别为10．37岁、11．66岁、11．41岁、12．81岁、14．28岁和13．96岁，发病高峰年龄逐年后移，成人发病有所增加；学龄前儿童风疹疫苗基础免疫估算接种率约为60％，学龄儿童约为20％。结论风疹发病年龄后移，将威胁育龄期妇女，增加发生先天性风疹综合征的危险性；应在继续做好儿童风疹免疫的同时，积极开展育龄期妇女风疹抗体筛查及疫苗接种工作。     

甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(L-8株)口服及腹腔注射Bal b/c小鼠的免疫反应评价

目的　比较评价甲型肝炎(甲肝)灭活疫苗(L 8株)不同途径接种Balb/c小鼠所诱导产生的免疫效应。方法将32 0EU/0 5ml的实验疫苗1次口服及腹腔注射免疫实验动物,于2周、4周时收集血液样本,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测抗体反应,同时动态检测免疫小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF) α、干扰素(IFN) γ。结果　不论是腹腔注射或是口服免疫均能诱导产生良好有效的体液免疫效应。腹腔免疫后CD+ 4 T细胞百分比轻微下降,而CD+ 8T细胞百分比上升趋势及幅度明显,CD+ 4 /CD+ 8比值明显下降;而口服免疫小鼠外周血CD+ 4 T细胞百分比持续上升,CD+ 8T细胞百分比亦同步升高,两者上升幅度基本一致,CD+ 4 /CD+ 8比值无明显改变。另外,两种途径免疫接种均可诱导产生高滴度的内源性IFN γ。结论　有必要对甲肝灭活疫苗口服免疫的机制及其开发利用作进一步的研究。     

农村地区常规免疫接种率报告数据质量研究

目的评价农村地区常规免疫接种率报告数据质量。方法采用按容量比例概率抽样法,于2004年11~12月对伊通、建德、宿松、扶风4个县10月份常规免疫接种报告数据质量,按报告、统计、调查接种率3个层面进行研究。结果总的趋势是上报接种率高于统计接种率,统计接种率高于调查接种率。应种人数以调查为高,实种人数以报告为高。调查应种人数比报告应种人数多15.97%,调查实种人数比报告实种人数低15.54%。报告与统计应种人数符合率为55.83%,实种人数符合率为63.18%。报告与调查应种人数符合率为51.21%,实种人数符合率为61.89%。报表统计人员测试结果与上报报表统计正确性无关(χ2=1.54,P>0.05),村级人员制作报表的准确性明显比乡级低(χ2=7.79,P<0.01);报表数据质量乡级高于村级(χ2=8.64,P<0.01)。结论农村地区常规免疫接种率报告数据质量有待提高,其措施是提高报表统计人员责任心,统一由乡级统计报表,改善培训及督导方法。