清热解毒凉血化瘀中药对慢加亚急性肝衰竭内毒素胃泌素及胃动素的干预作用

目的:分析慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者内毒素、胃泌素、胃动素的病情相关性并评价清热解毒凉血化瘀中药的干预作用。方法:临床收集69例慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者,其中早期26例,中期21例,晚期22例(并发上消化道出血12例),并设立22例Child-PughA级肝硬化患者对照观察,检测内毒素、胃泌素、胃动素水平并观察中药疗效。结果:①治疗后显效22例,有效32例,无效15例,总有效率78.26%,各期疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②血清内毒素、血浆胃泌素、胃动素与肝损伤程度呈正相关,合并上消化道出血时各指标水平均值最高;各组之间两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者各期以及对照组ET、Gas、MTL值组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者各期与对照组ET、Gas、MTL值比较,除早期无统计学意义外,其余各期均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者内毒素、胃泌素、胃动素水平升高与肝损伤程度相关,其水平变化有助于肝衰竭病情判断及预后估计,是上消化道出血的重要因素;在西医综合治疗基础上运用中医清热解毒凉血化瘀法可有效治疗慢加亚急性肝衰竭,疗效与病情分期相关,早期疗效明显。     

Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion

Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion The relationship between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME) is uncertain and the aetiology of OME is multifactorial. Otitis media with effusion may be an inflammatory condition; both bacteria and viral infections could play a part in this inflammation. The four bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus and Branhamella catarrhalis cause 60% of the infections whereas S. pneumoniae accounts for up to 35%. IgA provides the dominant surface response to polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antigens, of which IgA₂ is the main subclass. Once the mucosa has been breached, most protection is provided by IgG. IgG₂ acts mainly against bacterial capsular antigens. This study looked at two groups of 50 children with and without OME who were aged between 3 and 10 years. The aims were to determine if, firstly, the levels of the serum immunoglobulins were different in the two groups, secondly whether these children made the appropriate antibody response to the capsular antigen to S. pneumoniae (PCP), and finally if there was a delay in the maturity of the IgA response. The total IgG, IgA and all subclass levels were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Levels of functional IgA and IgG were measured using ELISAs (25 patients in each group). The results were analysed with non‐parametric tests. The immunoglobulin levels were within the normal levels for both groups. There were very good correlations between the IgG total anti‐PCP and the IgG₂ anti‐PCP (R > 0.9, p = 0.001). There was a good correlation between the levels of both IgG total and IgG₂ anti‐PCP against IgA total anti‐PCP in both groups (R > 0.85, p > 0.01). This confirms a normal antibody response between both groups of patients. The ages of the controls and patients (50 samples) were correlated with increasing titres of circulating functional antibodies (P = 0.001). This is highly suggestive of a normal age‐related response. In conclusion, the findings were contradictory to our original hypothesis that there is a subtle difference in surface protection between children with and without OME. We believe that a previous history of recurrent acute otitis media is unrelated to the development of OME after 3 years of age.     

Does dye laser treatment with higher fluences in combination with cold air cooling improve the results of port‐wine stains?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of cold air cooling (CAC) and cryogen spray cooling during dye laser treatment of port-wine stains (PWS) has become a standard in recent years. Still unsolved is the question of which fluences are necessary in combination with CAC in order to achieve an optimum clearance and the lowest possible rate of side-effects. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective study, we treated 11 patients with PWS with pulsed dye laser (Photogenica V, Cynosure, lambda = 585 nm, iota(p) = 0.5 ms, spot size = 7 mm). Each PWS was partitioned into three areas: (area 1) 6 J/cm(2) without CAC, (area 2) 6 J/cm(2) with CAC (level 4), (area 3) 9 J/cm(2) with CAC (level 4). RESULTS: Area 3 (mean, 59%) showed a slightly better clearance than area 1 (mean, 57%); in area 2, we observed a reduced clearance (mean, 45%). Compared with area 1, we achieved a reduction of pain through CAC in areas 2 and 3. The healing periods as well as the rate of side-effects were comparable in all areas. CONCLUSION: We observed a slight but not statistically relevant increase in clearance with the use of higher fluences and CAC compared with lower fluences without CAC. Because pain is lowered significantly when using CAC, and because this makes the treatment more comfortable for the patients, we tend to recommend the use of higher fluences (9 J/cm(2)) with simultaneous CAC for treating PWS.     

急性脑血管病多学科一体化治疗模式对照研究

目的研究ACVD多学科一体化治疗模式对ACVD患者的疗效观察。方法建立完善的多学科一体化治疗的组织网络体系,共入选ACVD患者7202例,其中,将2000年6月至2005年6月在脑血管病治疗中心住院的ACVD患者共4089例作为治疗组(多学科一体化治疗),1995年5月至2000年5月住院的ACVD患者共3113例作为对照组(以往常规治疗法)。观察指标是神经功能缺损评分(NI HSS)、生活能力评分(BI)、牛津残障评价(OHS)、住院时间、病死率及合并症和出院后6个月残障评价。经SPSS Windows10.0统计学方法,进行分析。结果治疗组NI HSS-4.59±4.68、BI29.53±24.40、OHS-1.29±0.95对照组NI HSS-1.97±2.17、BI6.94±21.41、OHS-0.84±1.09两组比较有极显著意义(P<0.001),临床治愈率提高31.92%,平均住院日缩短8.8天,病死率降低了12.27%,并发症降低了12.52%,致残率降低了31.92%。结论多学科一体化治疗模式能提高治愈率、减少并发症、降低病死率和致残率、提高了患者的生活质量,是适合我国的ACVD的治疗模式。     

Pediatric lupus versus adult lupus role of the laboratory

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the archetypical immunologic disease. Approximately 20% of patients present in the first two decades of life. This article highlights some of the differences between pediatric and adult onset lupus.Children are defined as different from adults on the basis of age. Lupus presents with different gender ratios based on hormonal or pubertal status with more significant skewing toward female patients in the childbearing years. Female patients in the childbearing years appear to have a higher relative risk for mortality. Despite this, children have greater disease severity at onset based on the number of patients who present with significant organ inflammation, the amount of corticosteroids required and the abnormalities in lupus serologies including autoantibodies and low complements. Children present frequently with congenital and acquired complement defects. Children have an increased risk of infections that can be confused with lupus. They have a higher risk of serious pneumococcal infection and may have less protection from vaccinations received at the time of disease onset.The clinical immunology laboratory is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric SLE. The rapid analysis and transfer of laboratory results can be life saving for the child with suspected new onset lupus. The laboratory is also helpful in determining disease activity through analysis of immunologic trends over time in pediatric lupus patients. This is especially important in the noncompliant adolescent patient who has a correlation between disease activity and lupus serologic tests. Finally, the clinical immunology laboratory is an important tool for better understanding of the immunologic phenomena associated with lupus and of disease pathophysiology.     

丹参与骨碎补注射液防治激素诱发股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的探讨丹参和骨碎补对激素性股骨头坏死的防治机理及其交互作用.方法选用家兔50只,随机分成五组:模型组、丹参组、骨碎补组、丹参 骨碎补组、对照组.8周后观察五组家兔血液流变学、脂代谢、股骨头组织学等指标的改变.结果与对照组相比,模型组股骨头疏松,易于凿切,血液粘度和血脂升高,骨小梁变细、稀疏,空骨陷窝率增高,髓腔脂肪细胞增多;而其余各组上述病变有不同程度的减轻,其中以丹参 骨碎补组病理改变最轻.结论①丹参、骨碎补均能预防激素所致的高粘滞血症和高脂血症;②骨碎补能提高血钙血磷,激活成骨细胞,提高股骨头的骨密度,能预防激素性骨质疏松;③两药在预防SANFH方面有协同作用.     

Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α may be a marker for vasculitic neuropathy

Neuromuscular biopsy is still an essential method for diagnosing vasculitic neuropathy, although its diagnostic sensitivity is at most 60%. Our objective was to examine the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in peripheral nerves and to evaluate its usefulness in diagnosing vasculitic neuropathy, especially for discrimination from other axonal neuropathies. Forty‐one patients with vasculitic neuropathy consisting of 20 definite, 14 probable and seven possible diagnoses, 15 patients with metabolic neuropathy, five with motor neuron disease and six with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were included. Nerve biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically examined for HIF‐1α and various cell markers. Distinct immunoreactivity (IR) was observed in nuclei of endoneurial cells in 54% (22/41) of vasculitic patients, while specimens from metabolic neuropathies showed less nuclear IR and the difference of mean density of HIF‐1α‐positive nuclei was significant. Two patients with possible vasculitis who showed HIF‐1α‐positive nuclei in endoneurium, were later confirmed to have vasculitis by skin biopsies. Most of the cells expressing HIF were demonstrated to be Schwann cells. There was a trend in the vasculitic patients with early phase nerve damage to display higher endoneurial HIF‐1α‐IR. HIF‐1α may be an immunohistochemical marker for vasculitic neuropathy, especially when the observed section contains no vasculitic lesions.     

带腹直肌蒂胸骨翻转术治疗漏斗胸10例疗效分析

目的:探讨漏斗胸的外科治疗。方法:应用带腹直肌蒂胸骨翻转术对10例漏斗胸病人进行外科治疗。结果:本组病例手 术效果满意,术中翻转胸骨片血运丰富,术后长期随诊,无复发。结论:带腹直肌蒂胸骨翻转术治疗漏斗胸具有手术操作简便、出血少、 术后恢复快、矫正效果满意、术后无复发等特点。     

均衡组间差异的有效方法:倾向评分

目的：实例介绍倾向评分法的基本原理和适用条件，设计适用于分析二分类资料的SAS宏程序。方法：运用倾向评分比较平衡前后两组间差异的改变情况，评价放弃心肺复苏急救与充血性心力衰竭患者院内死亡的联系。结果：采用分层法和匹配法都可以有效地平衡两组各个特征变量间所存在的高度差异，三种分析方法获得相近的估计结果。结论：倾向评分法是均衡组间差异的有效方法，能够匹配和平衡各个特征变量的作用，并用于分析各种观察性研究资料。     

紫外分光光度法测定SOD活性的应用及其意义

本文对SOD的紫外分光光度法测定进行了实用性研究。结果表明,本文方法具有用血量少,重现性好,快速、灵敏,试剂廉价等优点。西宁地区与平原地区人群的比较测定显示,前者SOD活性明显高于后者(P<0.01)。