不同水分处理对夏枯草果穗产量和品质的影响

目的:以夏枯草植株为材料,研究不同水分处理对果穗品质的影响。方法:营养生长期和生殖生长期分别采用每天定时定量称重法处理夏枯草植株,测定果穗生物学形状,果穗收获后测定熊果酸与齐墩果酸等活性成分,结合统计方法进行分析比较。结果与结论:营养生长期在田间最大持水量的80%～85%时对夏枯草产量与熊果酸最为有利;生殖生长期在田间最大持水量的65%～70%时有利于夏枯草生长量与产量提高,但80%～85%时有利于活性成分的积累。     

青蒿新品种“渝青1号”的选育及其示范推广

目的:阐明青蒿新品种"渝青1号"的选育方法、过程,确定新品种的推广价值。方法:在青蒿主产区收集青蒿优良种质资源,筛选优良种质,采用青蒿素质量分数测定和单株干叶产量测定,应用单株母系系统选育法和混合选择制种方法,品比试验、区域试验和生产性试验相结合,选育和示范推广青蒿新品种。结果:选育的青蒿新品种干叶产量达3000kg.hm-2,较野生青蒿增产10%以上;青蒿素质量分数在1.0%以上,比野生青蒿中青蒿素质量分数提高0.2%以上。结论:采用单株母系系统选育和混合选择制种相结合的选育方法,可明显提高青蒿的产量和青蒿素质量分数,是青蒿新品种培育中的一种切实可行、简便快速的育种方法。经生产验证和示范推广证明,选育的青蒿新品种"渝青1号"具有良好的推广价值。     

Pulse Lavage System (PLS) versus forensic wet-vacuum collection of biological material

Wet-vacuum collection of forensic biological material has been shown to recover greater total DNA yields compared to traditional methods, such as wet swabbing. The Pulse Lavage System (PLS), an orthopedic surgical instrument, was evaluated in comparison to a forensic wet-vacuum device for the DNA collection and recovery of diluted bloodstains from seven substrates of varying porosity. Three different PLS models were evaluated, and each model yielded DNA concentrations which were comparable to the forensic wet-vacuum system, recovering 79–99 % relative to the wet-vacuum, which were overall not statistically different. Our results suggest that the PLS, though intended for medical use, has the potential to serve as an affordable alternative to the forensic wet-vacuum system. However, additional evaluation and modification to the PLS collection method may be warranted for complete optimization.     

基于流变学指标的后交联祖师麻凝胶贴膏剂混合工艺研究

目的以流变学参数弹性模量(G′)、黏性模量(G″)、屈服应力(τ0)、蠕变柔量[J(t)]及损耗系数(tanδ)作为评价指标,优化祖师麻凝胶贴膏剂(Daphnes Giraldii Cortex gel plaster,DGCGP)混合工艺。方法采用正交设计,选用L_9(3~4)正交试验表,以物料混合时的温度、转速以及混合时间为考察因素,以混合后含药胶料的各项流变学参数为评价指标,筛选出DGCGP最佳的混合工艺,并预测适合的涂布条件。结果优选的DGCGP混合工艺为混合温度70℃,转速10 r/min,时间2 h,在此条件下,混合胶料的黏弹性、耐温耐剪切性、抗变形能力以及稳定性均良好。结论采用优化工艺条件制备的DGCGP外观良好,且质地柔软,黏弹性好,质量较佳。     

Transethosomes: Cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system

The skin is a major route of drug administration. Despite the high surface area of the skin, drug delivery via the skin route is problematic due to its physiological obstacles. The formulation scientist has developed a vesicular system to enhance the skin's absorption of bioactive substances. Among numerous vesicular systems, concept of transethosomes (TEs) introduced in 2012 are being tested for drug delivery to the dermis. When transferosomes and ethosomes interact, TEs are produced. It consists of water, ethanol, phospholipids, and an edge activator. Ethanol and the edge activator increase the absorption of medication through the skin. In the presence of ethanol and an edge activator, skin permeability can increase. The advantages of TEs include increased patient compliance, bypassing first-pass metabolism, including non-toxic raw components, being a noninvasive method of drug delivery, being more stable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and administered in semisolid form. TEs can be produced through the use of hot, cold, mechanical dispersion, and conventional techniques. The morphology, shape, size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, vesicle yield, biophysical interactions, and stability of TEs define them. Recent studies reported successful transdermal distribution of antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular bioactive while using ethosomes with significant deeper penetration in skin. The review extensively discussed various claims on TEs developed by researchers, patents, and marketed ethosomes. However, till today no patens being granted on TEs. There are still lingering difficulties related to ethanol-based TEs that require substantial research to fix.     

多目标遗传算法优化复方红黄口含片水提工艺

目的 优选复方红黄口含片水提工艺。方法 以加水倍数、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素，以总多糖含量和浸膏得率为考察指标，进行正交试验。运用Minitab 18.0软件建立总多糖含量和浸膏得率的二次回归模型，进一步运用多目标遗传算法优化正交试验结果，确定复方红黄口含片的最优水提工艺。结果 优选得到的最佳水提工艺为加水10倍量、煎煮3次、每次2.94 h。结论 所得工艺稳定可行，有效成分得率高，可用于复方红黄口含片的提取。     

Cryobiopsy with radial-endobronchial ultrasound (Cryo-Radial) has comparable diagnostic yield with higher safety in comparison with computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: an exploratory randomised study

Background

Computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy (CT-TTB) is the ‘gold standard’ biopsy for lung nodules. Radial-endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) bronchoscopy is another recommended biopsy but carries a lower diagnostic yield. Addition of cryobiopsy with R-EBUS (Cryo-Radial) has shown promising results. There are no studies comparing CT-TTB with Cryo-Radial biopsy.

Aim

The co-primary aims were the diagnostic yeild and safety. The secondary aim: ability to test epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Methods

A randomised controlled, multicentre exploratory study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals. Patients with nodules >1 cm on CT of the chest were randomised to CT-TTB or Cryo-Radial. With Cryo-Radial, patients had 1–3 cryo-biopsies in addition to at least one R-EBUS biopsy through the 2.6 mm guide sheath.

Results

Forty-eight patients were randomised: 22 to CT-TTB and 26 to Cryo-Radial. Sixteen in the CT-TTB and 20 in the Cryo-Radial received the allocated biopsy. The diagnostic yield was CT-TTB 93.8% (15/16) versus Cryo-Radial 85% (17/20) P = 0.61 and the odds ratio was 0.37. For 5/13 (38%), a diagnosis was solely made on cryobiopsy. Eleven (78%) of 14 in CT-TTB versus 7/10 (70%) Cryo-Radial were suitable for EGFR testing P = 0.66, with odds ratio 0.63. Pneumothorax occurrence was 44% (7/16) in CT-TTB versus 4.2% (1/24) in Cryo-Radial. Two (12.5%) of 16 CT-TTB required chest drain insertion.

Conclusion

Cryo-Radial is comparable in diagnostic yield and ability to perform EGFR testing with a significantly lower risk of pneumothorax, compared with CT-TTB. Cryo-Radial has the additional advantage of mediastinal staging during the same procedure with Linear-EBUS and is a promising first-line tool in the diagnostic method of lung cancer.