离子抑制色谱法测定琥乙红霉素含量及其有关物质

目的　建立离子抑制色谱法测定琥乙红霉素原料的含量及有关物质的方法 ,并研究其影响因素。方法　采用ZorbaxSB -C1 8色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 2mol·L- 1 KH2 PO4 乙腈 ( 4 5∶5 5 ,用氨试液调至pH 6 .8)为流动相 ,流速 1.2mL·min- 1 ,检测波长 2 10nm ,柱温 ( 30± 0 .5 )℃。结果　在选定固定相条件下 ,流动相对组分的洗脱和选择性影响最大 ,柱温次之 ,琥乙红霉素在乙腈中比较稳定。测定了有效主成分琥乙红霉素A的含量以及 7个有关物质的总含量 ,琥乙红霉素A的平均回收率为 99.4 5 %(RSD =2 .2 4 % ,n =5 )。结论　本方法可用于琥乙红霉素原料的含量测定和有关物质的检查。     

应用体内外相关性模型研究红霉素缓释微囊的体内外相关性

 目的 对红霉素缓释微囊的体内外相关性进行了研究,并对模型在预测体内数据方面的性能进行了考察。方法 应用美国缓、控释制剂专业委员会推荐的水平A、水平B两种体内外相关的模型。收集红霉素缓释微囊12 h的体外溶出数据。同时以家兔为实验动物,灌服微囊后收集血药浓度。应用水平A相关性模型,采用反卷积方法获得体内吸收百分数,并与体外溶出百分数进行比较。同时进一步运用基本的和扩展的卷积-反卷积方法对微囊的体内外相关性进行研究。对水平B相关性模型在药物相关性研究上的应用也进行了考察。结果 水平A模型和水平B模型都得到比较好的结果。结论 两种模型都能刻画体内外的相关性,水平A相关性模型可以得到较水平B相关性模型更多的关于药物体内外相关性的信息。     

5-羟基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯类化合物的合成及其抗流感病毒活性

目的设计合成5-羟基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯类化合物,评价其抗流感病毒和抗呼吸道合胞病毒活性.方法经IR、1H-NMR和MS确证目标物结构,并经体外抗病毒试验进行活性筛选.结果与结论合成了9个5-羟基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯类化合物,初步活性试验表明,具有一定的抑制流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒作用,其中,化合物Ⅷ1、Ⅷ2、Ⅷ5的抗病毒活性与利巴韦林和阿比朵尔相当.     

Erythromycin treatment for gastrointestinal dysmotility in preterm infants

To report our clinical experience on the use of oral erythromycin for the treatment of severe gastrointestinal dysmotility in preterm infants.

Methodology:

A case series study of seven preterm infants (six were very low birthweight) with severe intestinal dysmotility in a tertiary neonatal centre.

Results:

All responded favourably without adverse effects and tolerated full enteral feeding within 1–2 weeks of the commencement of the drug.

Conclusions:

As prolonged total parenteral nutrition carries significant risk of complications, this therapy could be considered in selected preterm infants who fail to establish enteral feeding after an extended period, and in whom an anatomically obstructive lesion of the gastrointestinal tract has been excluded. Meanwhile, we would caution against the widespread implementation of this therapeutic approach until formal evaluation by randomized controlled trials have established the exact role of erythromycin, or its analogues, in the treatment of intestinal dysmotility in preterm infants.     

Ureaplasma urealyticum, erythromycin and respiratory morbidity in high-risk preterm neonates

We investigated colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in infants <30 weeks gestation and assessed the relationship to other risk factors influencing respiratory morbidity, plus the effect of treatment with erythromycin. Ventilated preterm infants [ n = 155; median GA 26 (23–29) weeks] were cultured for Uu in endotracheal aspirate and nasopharynx. Colonized infants were randomly assigned to treatment with erythromycin 40mg/kg/d, intravenously or orally. The rate of colonization was 29/155 (19%) and the Uu-colonized infants had lower mean gestational ages than the culture-negative infants (25 vs 26 weeks). For the colonized infants PROM (48% vs12%), chorioamnionitis in the mother (46% vs 17%) and vaginal delivery (71% vs 29%) were more common. More colonized infants needed supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks'postconceptual age ( p < 0:05). Erythromycin treatment was effective in reducing colonization with negative control cultures in 12/14 (86%) of treated infants. No significant differences were found between the colonized treated infants ( n = 14) and those not treated ( n = 14) in time with supplemental oxygen. Oxygen requirement at 36 weeks was related to lower gestational age, late appearance of PDA, late onset sepsis and signs of chorioamnionitis in the mother. We conclude that the Uu colonization is related to increasing immaturity, the presence of prolonged rupture of membranes, signs of chorioamnionitis and vaginal delivery. Treatment with erythromycin reduced colonization but did not significantly alter length of time with supplemental oxygen.     

Diffuse panbronchiolitis: Case report and review of the literature

Diffuse panbronchiolitis is an uncommon disease of unknown aetiology mainly occurring in Asian races. Treatment with erythromycin acting through unclarif ied mechanisms is promising and may improve the poor prognosis currently associated with the disease. A case is presented illustrating how the imaging features of the disease, particularly on high-resolution computed tomography, may be used to support a diagnosis suggested on clinical grounds.     

维生素E琥珀酸酯联合阿霉素对乳腺癌细胞株Bcap-37的生长抑制作用

目的检测维生素E琥珀酸酯（VES）联合阿霉素（ADM）对乳腺癌细胞生长抑制作用。方法以VES联合ADM作用于人乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞24h和36h，VES浓度为5、10、20mg／L，ADM的浓度分别为0．25、1、2mg／L。采用MTT法测定对细胞增殖的抑制作用，以流式细胞仪分析药物联合作用前后乳腺癌细胞凋亡率的变化和对细胞表面Fas表达的影响。结果VES联合ADM对乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞具有显著的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用。流式细胞仪分析细胞周期，Bcap-37细胞的自然凋亡率为0．7％，5mg／L和20mg／LVES作用24h后凋亡率分别为10．1％和19．2％，lmg／L和2mg／LADM作用24h后的凋亡率分别为16．0％和23．3％。5mg／LVES联合1mg／LADM以及20mg／LVES联合2mg／LADM作用24h后的凋亡率分别升高至31．1％和40．7％。VES联合ADM作用24h后Bcap-37细胞表面Fas表达增强。结论VES联合ADM对乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞具有显著的生长抑制作用，其机制可能与细胞表面Fas表达上调有关。     

乳糖酸红霉素对葛根素药物动力学的影响

目的研究葛根素在大鼠体内的药物动力学过程以及乳糖酸红霉素对葛根素在大鼠体内药物动力学过程的影响。方法对大鼠分别单独静注葛根素溶液 ,联合静注葛根素和不同剂量的乳糖酸红霉素溶液 ;采用高效液相色谱法测定葛根素在大鼠体内的血药浓度 ;用 3P97药动学程序计算其药物动力学参数。结果葛根素在大鼠体内的药物动力学过程呈双隔室开放模型 ;乳糖酸红霉素在低剂量时 (0 2 5g·L-1和 2 5 0g·L-1)对葛根素的药动学过程无显著性影响 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但在高剂量时 (12 5 0 g·L-1)有显著性影响 (P <0 0 1)。结论葛根素与乳糖酸红霉素合用时 ,乳糖酸在一定质量浓度内 ,二者可联合用药 ;在较高质量浓度 (12 5 0g·L-1)时会显著抑制葛根素从大鼠体内的消除 ;二者合并用药时应对葛根素进行临床给药监测     

微波凝固肝癌细胞活性的酶组织化学检测

目的比较HE染色和酶组织化学染色对判断微波消融灭活肝癌细胞活性的价值。方法用10W、1.5～2min(85～95℃)和5W、1.5～2min(55～65℃)两种条件的微波消融,分别治疗A、B两组(每组3只)小鼠移植型肝癌,并取微波消融前后的肿瘤组织标本制成切片,进行常规HE染色及琥珀酸脱氢酶的酶组织化学染色,在显微镜下观察两种染色的情况。结果从HE染色观察到,A、B两组小鼠肝癌组织在微波消融后的即刻,其细胞核形态和排列较消融前无明显改变。酶组织化学染色显示,A组肿瘤消融区内的琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性均消失,这说明了癌细胞的灭活;B组肿瘤消融区内上述的酶活性都呈散在阳性,提示部分癌细胞仍存活,A、B两组的肿瘤灭活效果明显不同(Ρ<0.01)。结论HE染色不能评价微波消融对肝癌的即刻灭活效应,用酶组织化学染色测琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性能判定MA对肝癌的灭活效果。     

红霉素对哮喘豚鼠嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨红霉素对哮喘豚鼠嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡的影响。方法用卵白蛋白致敏复制哮喘豚鼠模型,分为哮喘组、地塞米松治疗组,及小、中、大剂量红霉素组6组。检测各组豚鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)总数、EOS百分数,分离纯化BALF的EOS,用吖啶橙/溴乙啶(AO/EB)荧光染色法检测EOS凋亡率。结果①豚鼠BALF白细胞总数、EOS总数及EOS百分数哮喘组均明显高于正常对照组,各红霉素组与哮喘组相比均有所降低,但小剂量红霉素组与之相比差异无显著性;②豚鼠BALF中EOS凋亡率哮喘组明显低于正常对照组,各红霉素组均高于哮喘组,但小剂量红霉素组与之相比差异无显著性;③EOS凋亡率与BALFEOS总数及EOS百分数呈显著负相关。结论红霉素具有一定的抗气道非特异性炎症作用,可以诱导EOS凋亡,这可能是其抗哮喘炎症作用的主要机制之一。