Lessons from the 2015 earthquake(s) in Nepal: implication for rehabilitation

Purpose: There has been an increase in the number of natural disasters in recent history, and the rate of disability is increasing among survivors. The most recent major natural disaster was the earthquake(s) that occurred in Nepal on 25 April 2015 and 12 May 2015. In total, more than 8500 people were killed and over 18?500 people were left injured. This article aims to demonstrate the role of rehabilitation professionals in post-disaster relief and beyond in Nepal. Method: This is an experiential account of physiotherapists present during the earthquake and participating in the post-disaster relief. Results: Rehabilitation professionals played an important role in the acute phase post-disaster by providing essential services and equipment. However, discharge planning emerged as an important role for rehabilitation providers in the early days of post-disaster and signaled a relatively new and innovative function that facilitated the heavy imbalance between little supply and tremendous demand for care. In the coming years, rehabilitation will need to support local initiatives that focus on minimizing the long-term effects among people with a newly acquired disability. Conclusions: Rehabilitation serves an important role across the continuum in post-disaster relief from the initial stages to the months and years following an event.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Driven by medical advances in acute field medicine, the relative proportion of casualties following natural disasters is decreasing, while relative rates of disability are rising among survivors.

• In post-disaster settings, the growing number of people with newly acquired disabilities will be added to the existing proportion of the population who lived with disabilities, creating a significant growth in the total number of people with disabilities (PWDs) in communities that are often ill prepared to provide necessary services.

• Rehabilitation interventions in the initial stages of emergency humanitarian response can minimize the long-term effects among people with newly acquired disabilities through early activation and prevention of secondary effects.

• Rehabilitation providers thus appear to have an important mediating effect on outcomes of disabilities in the early stages, but must also be strong partners with PWDs to advocate for social and political change in the long term.

     

从太阴中风病传血痹论治特发性震颤

[目的] 总结从太阴中风病传血痹论治特发性震颤(essential tremor,ET)的诊疗思路。[方法] 通过整理搜集文献、跟师临证,搜集临证验案及观察疗效,总结从太阴中风病传血痹论治ET的辨证思路、治则治法,并附验案佐证疗效。[结果] ET属中医“颤病”范畴,其病因不外“风”与“虚”。周天梅主任认为,血痹病的病机与ET病机高度重合,为太阴中风,津亏血弱,虚邪内中,水饮内停,临证以解表散寒、养血和营为法,以桂枝汤为主方,在辨证论治基础上,灵活应用药物加减治疗。对营血亏虚者,常用濡养津血之药补养气血;对阳明里热者,投以清热生津、顾护津液之药;对水饮内停者,用淡渗除饮、泄越水气等法,临床疗效显著。[结论] 周师从太阴中风病传血痹治疗ET,其方药精简,疗效确切,加深了对ET病因病机与治法的认识,为临床治疗ET提供了新的思路。     

经筋解结联合涌泉贴敷治疗缺血性中风后失眠的效果及其对血清白介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α的影响研究

背景 在老龄化背景下,缺血性中风发病呈年轻化、患病率呈逐年上升的趋势,而失眠是该病常见的并发症之一。 目的 探究经筋解结联合涌泉贴敷治疗缺血性中风后失眠的效果及其对血清白介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的影响。 方法 选取2020年5月至2021年5月在广东药科大学附属第一医院门诊就诊或住院的缺血性中风后失眠患者80例,采用完全随机分组方法将其分为中医治疗组、西药治疗组,各40例。中医治疗组采用经筋解结联合涌泉贴敷治疗,西药治疗组采用艾司唑仑治疗,均治疗2个疗程（10次为1个疗程）。比较两组治疗前、治疗1个疗程、治疗2个疗程匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）总分及各维度（睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物和日间功能障碍）评分、阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）评分、血清IL-6与TNF-α水平,治疗后临床疗效。 结果 研究过程中中医治疗组脱落1例、西药治疗组脱落2例,最终中医治疗组39例、西药治疗组38例纳入研究。组别与时间对PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分存在交互作用,组别及时间对PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分主效应显著（P<0.05）。治疗1、2个疗程,两组患者PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分均低于治疗前（P<0.05）;治疗2个疗程,两组患者PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分均低于治疗1个疗程（P<0.05）。治疗1、2个疗程中医治疗组患者PSQI总分及各维度评分、AIS评分均低于西药治疗组（P<0.05）。组别与时间对血清IL-6、TNF-α水平存在交互作用,组别及时间对血清IL-6、TNF-α水平主效应显著（P<0.05）。治疗1、2个疗程,两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于治疗前（P<0.05）;治疗2个疗程,两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于组内治疗1个疗程（P<0.05）。中医治疗组患者治疗1、2个疗程血清IL-6、TNF-α水平低于西药治疗组P<0.05）。中医治疗组患者治疗后临床疗效优于西药治疗组（Z=2.234,P<0.05）。 结论 经筋解结联合涌泉贴敷可明显改善缺血性中风后失眠患者的睡眠质量,降低血清IL-6、TNF-α水平,提高临床疗效。     

汶川地震医疗救援中的伤员接诊处置与转出管理

汶川地震医疗救援中，华西医院作为四川省重症伤员集中收治医院，立即从常态转到双轨应急状态，充分调度人力、物力，扩大骨科床位至680张；按伤员伤情进程分期重点处理、优化地震伤员接诊处置流程，保证有效救治；建立地震伤员转出通道。截至2008年6月2日，医院共接诊地震伤员2618例，向就近基层医院转诊经治疗病情稳定的轻症伤员648例。     

汶川地震和雅安地震伤员救治过程中医院感染预防与控制特点比较

目的通过比较汶川地震和雅安地震伤员医疗救治中的医院感染防控工作,探讨地震伤员救治中的医院感染防控特点。方法通过文献回顾和现场调查,了解两次地震伤员医疗救治的医院感染预防与控制工作特点并比较其异同。结果与2008年汶川地震的伤员救治工作相比,2013年雅安地震救治压力小,救治医院的医院感染防控应急能力有了明显提升,在预检分诊、气性坏疽的防治、目标监测和高危环节的干预方面都有了改进,并取得明显效果。临时帐篷医院的感染控制工作也在短期内步入正轨。结论良好的地震伤员救治医院感染防控,关键要做到“四早（早介入、早筛查、早隔离、早干预）、六需要（需要领导重视;需要多学科合作;需要个性化防控方案;需要将感染控制的理念与措施贯穿诊疗活动的全过程;需要采取科学规范的感染控制措施;需要配备合格的感染控制专业人员）”,以保障灾后医疗救治中的医疗安全。     

抗震救灾行动中卫生装备保障能力建设的分析与研究

目的:分析抗震救灾行动中卫生装备保障的特点,思考提升卫生装备保障能力的主要对策.方法:总结灾区救援环境恶劣、对自我保障能力要求高、保障任务繁重、工作重点突出、形势复杂、协同配合难度大、人员受限、技术配备要求高等特点,分析研究相应对策.结果:卫生装备保障队伍应当加强装备配备,完善物资管理,加强应急训练,提高保障能力.结论:研究和思考抗震救灾行动中卫生装备保障能力建设具有很强的现实意义.     

地震灾后卫生防疫机制的建立和实践

从云南省彝良县"9.7"震后卫生防疫现场应急处置中的经历,回顾、剖析和分析其特点,探索地震后卫生防疫应急机制和应对策略,为今后更好地应对此类自然灾害提供一些借鉴和经验。     

Psychological and behavioural impacts of the 2008 China earthquake on blood donors

Background and Objectives On May 12, 2008, a severe earthquake hit Sichuan province in China. A post‐earthquake survey was conducted to study the earthquake’s effect on blood donor behaviour and stress at three blood centres at varying distances from the epicentre. Materials and Methods A questionnaire was developed to assess donor post‐traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and attitudes toward giving blood. Responses were compared by centre and donor characteristics using multivariate logistic regression techniques. Results Of all 17 456 donors, the overall prevalence of PTSD was 13·2%. Donors who knew someone killed or injured by the earthquake were 2·1 times more likely to have PTSD than others (95% CI: 1·8–2·4). 85·2% of donors cited the earthquake as their reason for donating. 16·1% of donors felt it acceptable to be less honest about one’s health history in an emergency. After adjusting for PTSD, geographic and demographic characteristics, the donors knowing someone killed or injured by the earthquake were 1·4 times (95% CI: 1·2–1·7) more likely to cite the earthquake as reason for donating, and 1·8 times (95% CI: 1·5–2·1) more likely to accept being less honest about one’s health history in case of national emergency. Conclusions The psychological and behavioural impacts of the earthquake on blood donors extended far from the epicentre. After a disaster, it is important to emphasize that donors must be truthful on the donor questionnaire as some donors appear willing to be less than honest when they perceive an increased need for blood products.     

硫酸吗啡控释片直肠给药治疗中晚期癌性疼痛临床疗效观察

目的:评价中晚期癌性疼痛患者应用硫酸吗啡控释片直肠给药的治疗效果和安全性。方法:100例患者随机分为试验组(n=50)与对照组(n=50),试验组先直肠给予硫酸吗啡控释片30mg,12h1次,连用14d,再口服30mg,12h1次,连用14d;对照组先口服给予硫酸吗啡控释片30mg,12h1次,连用14d,再直肠给予30mg,12h1次,连用14d。结果:试验组与对照组组间、组内疼痛缓解率、生活质量改善情况、不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但直肠给药的镇痛起效时间快于口服给药(P<0.05)。结论:硫酸吗啡控释片直肠给药临床效果确切,不良反应少于口服给药,适用于不能口服或口服不良反应较多的患者。     

痔疾洗液体外抑菌、抗滴虫及止痒作用研究

目的:研究痔疾洗液的体外抑菌、抗滴虫及止痒作用。方法:采用液体培养基连续稀释法和体外抑制阴道滴虫试验,观察本品的体外抑菌作用和抗滴虫作用;采用组胺致豚鼠搔痒法观察本品的止痒作用。结果:痔疾洗液对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌具有抑制作用,对阴道滴虫有杀灭作用;能提高组胺致豚鼠搔痒反应阈值。结论:痔疾洗液具有抑菌、抗阴道滴虫及止痒作用。