姜黄挥发油对呼吸道作用的研究

目的：研究姜黄挥发油对呼吸道功能的影响。方法：采用气雾吸入的方法给药，观察姜黄挥发油的祛痰、止咳和平喘作用。结果：表明本品具有明显的祛痰、止咳及预防哮喘发作的作用。结论：提示本品对痰多咳嗽可能有良好的治疗作用。     

中西医结合治疗支气管哮喘46例疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法:将92例患者随机分成治疗组与对照组各46例,2组均静滴抗生素,同时静滴氨茶碱,治疗组加服自拟祛痰平喘汤。结果:2组治疗2周后,治疗组治愈率为76.09%,对照组为47.83%。治疗组在平喘及减少复发次数方面优于对照组。2组比较,差异有显著性意义(p<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗本病能迅速改善症状,缩短病程,减少副作用发生,提高临床疗效。     

金柴小儿肺炎颗粒药效学研究

目的:研究JCG体内外抗菌和抗病毒作用.方法:用体外抗菌及病原菌感染小鼠造模检测抗菌作用;用细胞培养和小鼠流感病毒性肺炎模型研究对病毒的抑制作用等;小鼠扭体模型研究镇痛;小鼠气管酚红排泌量模型研究祛痰.结果:体内外试验表明JCG对肺炎球菌有较好的抑菌和杀菌作用.对呼吸道多种病毒所致细胞病变均有明显抑制作用.三剂量使流感病毒致小鼠肺炎模型的肺指数值、肺病变程度明显轻于病毒对照组(P＜0.05).结论:JCG对呼吸道常见感染菌、病毒有抑杀作用,并有解热、止痛、祛痰、镇咳作用.     

咳喘清糖浆的主要药效学研究

[目的]考察咳喘清糖浆镇咳、平喘、祛痰和抗菌、抗炎作用。[方法]以小鼠氨水引咳法和豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法观察其止咳作用;以豚鼠组胺致喘法观察其平喘作用;以小鼠酚红排泌法观察其祛痰作用;以小鼠体内抗金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌或大肠杆菌感染实验观察其体内抗菌作用;以巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、棉球致小鼠肉芽肿法、角叉菜胶致小鼠足跖肿胀法观察其抗炎作用。[结果]与模型组比较,咳喘清糖浆能明显延长氨水致小鼠咳嗽和枸橼酸致豚鼠咳嗽的潜伏期和减少咳嗽次数(P<0.05或P<0.01);可明显延长组胺诱发豚鼠的哮喘潜伏期(P<0.05);可显著增加小鼠气管酚红分泌量(P<0.05或P<0.01);对小鼠感染金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌或肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌后的死亡率有一定的降低趋势;并可显著抑制小鼠角叉菜胶致小鼠足跖肿胀度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。[结论]咳喘清糖浆具有明显的镇咳、平喘、祛痰和抗炎作用。     

益气养阴解毒通络方对糖尿病大鼠血浆、脑组织神经肽Y和神经降压素的影响

目的探讨糖尿病并发症的发病机理及益气养阴解毒通络方对其影响。方法采用链脲佐菌素左下腹腔注射所致糖尿病大鼠模型,应用放射免疫方法,分别测定糖尿病大鼠血浆、脑组织神经肽Y(NPY)与神经降压素(NT)水平。结果糖尿病大鼠血浆NPY水平明显高于脑组织;糖尿病大鼠脑组织的NT水平明显高于血浆;糖尿病大鼠血浆和脑组织的NPY水平较正常组显著升高;糖尿病大鼠脑组织NT水平明显低于正常组;中药组大鼠血浆和脑组织的NPY和NT水平与正常组比较均无显著性差异。结论NPY与NT在糖尿病大鼠不同组织器官的分布及其作用是有差别的;影响糖尿病脑血管病变的因素可能与NPY和NT的分泌失调有关;益气养阴解毒通络方具有调节糖尿病大鼠血浆和脑组织NPY和NT水平,从而防治糖尿病性脑血管并发症的作用。     

中药治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化引起的皮肤瘙痒2例

皮肤瘙痒是原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床常见症状之一，通过中医辨证施治，以养血润燥、祛风止痒法，或利湿退黄、祛风止痒法，有一定疗效。并举验案2则佐证。     

Indicative evaluation of psychological disturbance amongst young children affected by the January 2010 Haiti earthquake,in Port-au-Prince

The article presents a research for the indicative evaluation of psychological disturbance amongst young children following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. We used a new psychological evaluation questionnaire for young children, the PSYCa 3–6. It is a hetero-evaluation tool and is completed on site by the interviewer. The questionnaire was conducted in Port-au-Prince. The average age of the 166 children taking part in the study was 58 months. Psychological disturbance score appears to be high amongst our child population in Port-au-Prince. This corroborates other research into the psychological condition of natural disaster victims. A higher score of psychological disturbance was observed amongst boys and in the youngest group of children. This first application of the PSYCa 3–6, in a natural disaster area, highlights its capacity to identify children in great difficulties, the acceptability of the questionnaire and its appropriateness for use in humanitarian crisis areas.     

四川震区教师应对方式与总体幸福感关系

目的了解四川震区教师应对方式与总体幸福感的现状及关系。方法使用应对方式问卷和总体幸福感量表对四川地震灾区741名教师进行调查。结果震区教师应对方式在性别、年龄上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);总体幸福感在性别、学历以及灾后教学场所上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除对生活的满足和兴趣维度,应对方式与总体幸福感各维度呈不同程度的相关关系(r=-0.02～0.37,P<0.05或P<0.01);不成熟型和混合型的应对方式与总体幸福感各维度均呈现负相关;不成熟型、成熟型的应对方式对总体幸福感有预测效果。结论在应付方式和总体幸福感方面,震区男教师比女教师面临更多的问题;震区教师应对方式对其总体幸福感有一定预测作用。     

Risk factors for the development of PTSD and depression among child and adolescent victims following a 7.4 magnitude earthquake

Objective. PTSD and major depression occur frequently following traumatic exposure, both as separate disorders and concurrently. Although much of Turkey is under threat of severe earthquakes, risk factors for developing psychiatric disorders among Turkish children have not yet been studied. The aim of the study was to examine risk factors for PTSD and depression develpoment in children. Method. A total of 160 survivors (102 girls and 58 boys) severely impacted by Turkey's 7.4-magnitude quake participated in a psychiatric interview 6–20 weeks after the disaster. The mean age was 14.43. Logistic regression was used to test effects of pre-disaster, disaster-related and post-disaster factors on diagnoses, yielding odds ratios (OR). Results. CAPS indicated that 96 (60%) had PTSD, and psychiatric interview found 49 (31%) with depression. Children diagnosed with PTSD were more likely to have witnessed death (OR=2.47) and experienced an extreme parental reaction (OR=3.45). Children with depression were more likely to be male (OR=4.48), have a higher trait anxiety score (OR=1.12 for every additional point), sustain injury (OR=4.29), and have lost a family member in the quake (OR=10.96). Focusing on the 96 children with PTSD, those with comorbid depression were more likely male, have a higher trait anxiety score, and have lost of family member. Conclusions. Mental health professionals should offer support to children witnessing death or losing a family member in a disaster. The ability of the family to remain calm and reassuring also may be a key factor in preventing PTSD.     

芍药甘草汤的历史沿革与现代研究

芍药甘草汤最早见于张仲景《伤寒杂病论》,由白芍和甘草(炙)等比例配伍而成,具有养血敛阴、调和肝脾、缓急止痛之功效,用于血虚津伤和筋脉失濡所致的腿脚挛急、脘腹疼痛。被历代医家推崇并沿用至今,并且拓展出了应用范围。现代药理研究表明,芍药甘草汤具有显著的解痉、止痛、镇咳、平喘及抗炎等作用,用于治疗痉挛性疾病、疼痛性疾病、炎症性疾病、支气管哮喘及妇产科疾病等。笔者从芍药甘草汤的历史沿革与方义衍变、组方配伍分析、药理药效学研究、现代临床应用4个方面进行系统阐述,以期为该经典名方的现代研究开发提供理论依据和文献参考,并为其制剂的临床定位提供理论和实践支撑。