TCD结合TCCD与DSA对脑动脉狭窄的一致性分析及对治疗方案的指导价值

目的 探究经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler sonography, TCD)结合经颅彩色多普勒超声(transcranial color-coded duplex, TCCD)与数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography, DSA)对脑动脉狭窄的一致性分析及对治疗方案的指导价值。方法 选取缺血性脑血管病患者100例,均行TCD、TCCD及DSA检查,以DSA检查结果作为“金标准”,分析脑动脉狭窄程度,观察不同狭窄程度患者TCD、TCCD超声表现,采用Kappa检验分析TCD结合TCCD诊断脑动脉狭窄程度与DSA检查结果的一致性,比较不同狭窄程度患者收缩期峰流速(systolic velocity, Vs)、平均峰流速(mean velocity, Vm)、搏动指数(pulsatility index, PI),采用Spearman相关系数模型分析Vm、PI与脑动脉狭窄程度的相关性,所有患者均行药物或手术治疗,比较不同治疗方法患者入院时、治疗后6个月Vs、Vm、PI。结果 100例缺血性脑血管病患者,轻度狭窄42例,中度狭窄3...     

中医临床诊疗指南制修订现状调研、分析与工作建议

背景 2014年底,国家中医药管理局政策法规与监督司开展中医临床诊疗指南制修订工作,对中医13个专科领域的240项中医临床诊疗指南项目进行制修订,中华中医药学会承担本部分工作。目的 为了解中医领域临床诊疗指南制修订现状,从方法学角度对项目组工作中存在的问题进行分析并给出建议,本项目组对中华中医药学会中医临床诊疗指南制修订项目组进行调研。方法 2020年6—12月,以中华中医药学会中医临床诊疗指南制修订项目组为调研对象,每个项目组人员填写一份问卷,汇集项目组整体意见。采用问卷星电子问卷,通过中华中医药学会工作文件的方式下发通知至各项目组进行调查,网络端收取调查结果。围绕调研主题,问卷内容包括5大方面：对中医临床诊疗指南的认识、指南制修订程序和方法学应用、指南制修订工作重点问题和关键环节、指南实施推广和应用情况、指南制修订工作情况整体调研。问卷为半结构化设计,共30个结构化问题、4个开放性问题。调研完成后对结果进行数据汇总与描述性分析。结果 本调研最终收回有效问卷198份,调研结果提示,在对中医临床诊疗指南的认识上,大多数项目组（94.45%,187/198）认为本领域内依然需要更多的中医...     

Willis环形态与功能对照研究

目的：从不同角度分析Willis环的形态学变异及其功能状况。方法：分别采用脑尸解标本、血管铸型标本及动态血管造影资料进行Willis环的对比分析。结果：正常成人组尸体与活体Willis环分型无差异；活体正常组与活体病理组Willis环的比较有差异；活体正常组与活体病理组PCA供血类型有差异。结论：胎儿与成人、尸体与活体、静态与动态、正常与异常的有机结合能全面评价Willis环的形态学变异及其功能状况，为临床正确诊治脑血管病提供基础依据。     

Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia promotes later health resilience during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic

Study ObjectivesStressful life events contribute to insomnia, psychosocial functioning, and illness. Though individuals with a history of insomnia may be especially vulnerable during stressful life events, risk may be mitigated by prior intervention. This study evaluated the effect of prior digital cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) versus sleep education on health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsCOVID impact, insomnia, general- and COVID-related stress, depression, and global health were assessed in April 2020 in adults with a history of insomnia who completed a randomized controlled trial of dCBT-I (n = 102) versus sleep education control (n = 106) in 2016–2017. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of intervention conditions on subsequent stress and health during the pandemic.ResultsInsomnia symptoms were significantly associated with COVID-19 related disruptions, and those who previously received dCBT-I reported less insomnia symptoms, less general stress and COVID-related cognitive intrusions, less depression, and better global health than those who received sleep education. Moreover, the odds for resurgent insomnia was 51% lower in the dCBT-I versus control condition. Similarly, odds of moderate to severe depression during COVID-19 was 57% lower in the dCBT-I condition.ConclusionsThose who received dCBT-I had increased health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults with a history of insomnia and ongoing mild to moderate mental health symptoms. These data provide evidence that dCBT-I is a powerful tool to promote mental and physical health during stressors, including the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical Trial Registration{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02988375","term_id":"NCT02988375"}}NCT02988375     

Impact of Breast Density on Computer-Aided Detection in Full-Field Digital Mammography

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system in full-field digital mammography (Senographe 2000D, General Electric, Buc, France) in finding out carcinomas depending on the parenchymal density. A total of 226 mediolateral oblique (MLO) and 186 craniocaudal (CC) mammographic views of histologically proven cancers were retrospectively evaluated with a digital CAD system (ImageChecker V2.3 R2 Technology, Los Altos, CA, USA). Malignant tumors were detected correctly by CAD in MLO view in 84.85% in breasts with parenchymal tissue density of the American College of Radiology (ACR) type 1, in 70.33% of the ACR type 2, in 68.12% of the ACR type 3, and in 69.70% of the ACR type 4. For the CC view, similar results were found according to the ACR types. Using the chi-square and McNemar tests, there was no statistical significance. However, a trend of better detection could be seen with decreasing ACR type. In conclusion, there seems to be a tendency for breast tissue density to affect the detection rate of breast cancer when using the CAD system.     

指背腱膜滑动与近侧指间关节屈曲关系及临床意义

目的:探讨指背腱膜滑动距离与近侧指间关节(PIP)屈曲关系,为临床修复提供解剖学基础。方法:男性成人新鲜尸体标本10侧30指(示、中、环指各10指),切除手指皮肤,不破坏腱鞘、屈肌支持带、伸肌支持带、内在肌及外在肌,使肌腱保持正常的生理状态,分别测量各指中央束(CS)、侧束(LB)在PIP屈曲45°和90°时的滑动距离。结果:当PIP屈曲45°时,CS滑动距离为(2.7±0.4)mm,LB滑动距离为(2.8±0.6)mm;当PIP屈曲90°时,CS滑动距离为(4.3±0.7)mm,LB滑动距离为(4.8±0.6)mm。结论:指背腱膜滑动距离减少,严重影响手指的屈曲功能。对于指背腱膜的新鲜性损伤应予以精确修复;对于陈旧性损伤的修复应确保指背腱膜的正常滑动范围。     

线扫描直接数字化X线摄影原理与应用

目的 探讨线扫描直接数字化X线摄影的工作原理与实用价值。方法 以多丝正比室线扫描X线摄影系统为基础，分析线扫描直接数字化X线摄影的适用性。结果 线扫描成像技术克服了散射线造成的干扰，且探测灵敏度和精密度分辨率高。结论 线扫描成像技术适合于除了动态摄影以外的各种数字X线摄影，对我国常规X线摄影逐步实现数字化开辟了美好的前景。     

亚像素断层图像配准数据集的建立

目的针对数字化冰冻铣切断层图像的特点,探讨一种实用的高精度图像配准方法,建立基于数字化断层图像的亚像素级配准数据集。方法采用冰冻铣切技术获取成年男性头颈标本的冰冻连续断层图像,在M atlab软件中自动提取定标点图像特征,采用基于2点的刚体变换算法实现图像的自动配准。结果配准后图像定标点与基准配准点的误差小于1个像素,达到亚像素水平。结论采用外定标的图像配准算法可建立亚像素级的配准数据集,定位标记物的准确识别是获得亚像素级配准数据集的保证。     

上矢状窦旁桥静脉的显微解剖与影像学观察

目的:通过对上矢状窦(SSS)旁大脑桥静脉的显微解剖、影像学观察及其对照研究,为各种纵裂间手术入路中桥静脉的保护提供基础。方法:分别对30例(60侧)上矢状窦和颈内静脉内灌注蓝色乳胶的成人头颅湿标本、40侧DSA静脉相和16侧CTV进行显微解剖和影像学观察。结果:上矢状窦前部和后部分别有一缺乏桥静脉注入段,显微解剖、DSA和CTV观察上矢状窦旁桥静脉的数量分别为11.2支、8.9支和7.0支,DSA和CTV观察发现桥静脉注入上矢状窦处常显示不清。结论:熟悉和比较上矢状窦旁桥静脉的解剖学和影像学特征有利于各种纵裂间手术入路和手术过程中桥静脉的保护。