非靶向代谢组学揭示天葵不同部位差异代谢物及其主要代谢途径

目的:利用非靶向代谢组学挖掘天葵非药用部位潜在的药用价值。方法:以天葵茎、叶、花为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-质谱法对其进行非靶向代谢组学分析。结果:天葵茎、叶、花中共鉴定出16大类101个差异代谢物(DAMs),其中包含羧酸及其衍生物、有机含氧化合物、脂质、苯及其取代衍生物、生物碱、黄酮类、萜类、苯丙素类、酚酸类、核苷酸、有机盐、内酯、有机酸、内源性植物激素、氨基酸和13个其他物质。通过聚类和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析发现,天葵不同部位的DAMs代谢模式存在一定的差异;其主要代谢途径为苯丙氨酸代谢途径、ABC转运途径、氨酰-tRNA合成途径及苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成途径。结论:通过天葵不同部位间DAMs的鉴定及其生物合成途径的分析,确定天葵茎、叶、花富含多种具有药用功效的代谢活性物质,可为天葵茎、叶、花的资源开发利用提供参考。     

Scientific connotation of “treating different diseases with the same method” from the perspective of metabolic–immune dysregulation in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis of digestive organs

Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system. In the chronic inflammation microenvironment, the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes, which interfere with the normal function of immune cells. Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs, such as the stomach, liver, and colorectum. This metabolic–immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories of “yin-yang disharmony” and “disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.” The metabolic–immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting “treatment of different diseases with the same method,” in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions. In the TCM treatment process, it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function, thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy. Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic–immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic–immune dysregulation, pattern identification, and treatment method. They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of “treating different diseases with the same method.     

Spontaneous mutation of the lacI transgene in rodents: absence of species, strain, and insertion-site influence

Comparison of spontaneous mutation spectra derived from different transgenic constructs can provide valuable insights for interpreting the mechanisms of spontaneous mutation. In this study, spontaneous mutation frequencies and spectra of the lacI transgene are compared in the liver of C57BL/6, B6C3F1, and BC-1 mice and F344 rats. Before correction for clonal expansion, the mutant frequency varied from 2.6 +/- 0.45 to 5.0 +/- 2.4 x 10(-5). Correction for potential clonal expansion reduced the range in mutation frequency to between 2.3 +/- 0.45 and 3.5 +/- 2.0 x 10(-5). There is thus no statistical difference in spontaneous mutation frequency between the different strains and species. G:C --> A:T transitions and to a lesser extent, G:C --> T:A transversions dominate the mutational spectra in all of these animals. In three strains of mice, G:C --> A:T transitions account for 50.7-53.3% of mutation, 81.7-83.8% of which involve CpG sites, whereas G:C --> T:A transversions account for 17.8-32.9% of mutations with 43.2-50.0% found at CpG sites. In rats, G:C --> A:T transitions account for 38.0% of the spectra, 70.0% of which involve CpG sites, whereas G:C --> T:A transversions account for 23.0% of the spectra, 70.0% of which involve CpG sites. The distribution of other classes of mutations is also very similar. We conclude that, despite reports about species and strain differences in induced mutation, spontaneous mutations in the lacI transgene appear to be similar, regardless of genomic location, rodent strain, or species. In addition to insights into spontaneous mutation, this study also provides essential data for comparison with and interpretation of induced mutations.     

慢性肾炎各肾功能与脂质变化的关系及临床意义

通过对６１名不同肾功能的慢性肾炎患者胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、载脂蛋白Ａ（ＡｐｏＡ Ⅰ）及载脂蛋白（ＡｐｏＢ）和高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ）的测定,并与正常对照组４０例比较。发现慢性肾炎各期患者血清ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ明显升高,ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ、ＡｐｏＡⅠ下降,这些改变以慢性肾功能不全组明显,ＡｐｏＢ在慢性肾功能衰竭组下降,其余各级升高。笔者在此就慢性肾炎发生继发血     

丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体与HCVRNA的检测分析

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)分片段抗体(HCV-C,HCV-NS3,HCV-NS4,HCV-NS5)对丙肝的诊断价值。方法对ELISA法抗-HCV总抗体阳性的55份阳性血清及80份可疑血清再进行分片段抗体ELISA检测及RT-PCR。结果55份ELISA法抗-HCV总抗体阳性血清经分片段抗体ELISA检测后,抗-NS3、抗-C的检出率最高,分别为96.4%、89.1%;两个以上片段检测结果阳性的血清有54份,与RT-PCR结果(HCVRNA阳性52份)高度符合。80份可疑血清中10份抗-C和抗-NS3同时阳性和9份HCVRNA阳性。结论HCV分片段抗体ELISA法有很高的敏感性和特异性,与RT-PCR法基本一致。抗-NS3、抗-C在HCV的诊断中有重要的意义,抗-NS5和抗-NS4有诊断的互补作用。     

不同过滤方法对盐酸乙胺丁醇片含量测定的影响

目的：探讨盐酸乙胺丁醇片含量测定中使用不同过滤方法对测定结果的影响。方法：采用全玻璃砂芯滤器过滤可排除滤纸对主药的吸附。结果：方法平均回收率为99．0％，RSD为0．17％。结论：本法准确，可靠。     

露木尔不同工艺产物药理活性比较研究

目的 :比较露木尔不同提取纯化工艺产物的镇咳祛痰和抗炎作用。方法 :采用小鼠氨水引咳法、小鼠酚红呼吸道排泌法和小鼠耳肿胀法。结果 :露木尔工艺一和工艺二产物均有显著的镇咳抗炎作用 ,工艺一 (P<0 .0 1)优于工艺二 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;工艺一产物还有显著的祛痰作用 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;工艺三均无明显作用。结论 :露木尔采用工艺一提取纯化较为理想     

梯度离心法在肿瘤药敏试验中的应用及临床相关性研究

目的　研究梯度离心法在肿瘤药敏试验中的应用及肿瘤药敏试验与临床个体化化疗的相关性。方法　取 4 6例肿瘤患者新鲜癌细胞 ,梯度离心后用MTT法检测癌细胞对 8种常用抗癌药的敏感性 ;根据药敏结果对患者进行化疗 ,无敏感药物者按经验方案化疗 ,观察实验与临床疗效的相关性。结果　改良法癌细胞获得百分率为 94 6 5± 2 8 4 7,与传统方法比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;药敏试验阳性者 2 5例 ,阴性者2 1例。实验提示敏感药物化疗者的有效率为 76 % (19/ 2 5 ) ;耐药者按经验方案化疗 ,有效率为 2 8 6 % (6 /2 1)。P <0 0 1,差异有显著性 ;实验与临床符合率达 73 9% (34/ 4 6 )。结论　梯度离心MTT法体外癌细胞药敏试验能更好的指导临床个体化治疗 ,具有预见癌症患者临床个体化化疗疗效的重要价值。     

丹参-赤芍配伍的化学成分动态变化研究

选择丹参、赤芍药对为研究对象，以HPLC等色谱为研究工具，研究了不同比例配伍的丹参-赤芍共煎液与单煎混合液化学成分的异同，重点关注因两味药共煎煮而产生的化学成分动态变化现象，并运用现代科技手段分离和鉴定了变化明显的化学成分，总结了化学成分动态变化与药材配伍不同比例之间的关系。     

天冬药材药理实验研究

目的:从天冬水提液、总多糖、总皂苷三种不同提取部位中初步筛选天冬药材的有效部位群。方法:以小鼠为研究对象,灌服不同剂量的以上三种提取液7d,进行低温游泳和常压缺氧实验,以对比给药小鼠免疫及抗应激能力。以D半乳糖致衰小鼠为研究对象,灌服不同剂量的以上三种提取液30d,以脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),脑、肝组织中Na+·K+ATP酶、丙二醛(MDA)及血浆中MDA活性为评价指标,对比研究天冬不同提取部位的抗氧化能力。结果:天冬总多糖低、高剂量组能不同程度增加小鼠胸腺和脾脏重量;水提液低、高剂量组能显著增加小鼠耐缺氧时间(P<0.01);天冬水提液低、高剂量组和总多糖的高剂量组能增加小鼠在冰水中的游泳时间。与衰老模型组比较,天冬水提液高剂量组能提高衰老小鼠脑和肝组织中Na+·K+ATP酶活性;水提液低、高剂量组能不同程度降低衰老小鼠脑、肝和血浆中MDA的含量,天冬总多糖高剂量组能降低衰老小鼠肝组织中MDA含量(P<0.01)。结论:天冬水提液低剂量组和高剂量组具有提高小鼠对抗应激反应的能力,长期服用天冬水提液高剂量组能延缓小鼠由D半乳糖引起的衰老。天冬总多糖能不同程度增加小鼠胸腺和脾脏的重量,提高小鼠对抗应激反应的能力,并有一定的延缓衰老作用。天冬总皂苷在以上几项实验中作用均不明显。