单细胞基因组和转录组的共测定方法研究进展

单细胞测序提供了大量样品测序所不能提供的异质性等信息。然而由于细胞生长发育受多种因素调节,仅依靠基因型或者表型信息无法全面、准确地说明问题。因此,开发单细胞基因组转录组共测定技术为研究基因变异与表型变异间的关系提供了强有力的工具。目前,单细胞基因组与转录组共测定技术主要分为全细胞裂解法（如：G&T-Seq、DR-Seq）,细胞膜裂解法（如：SIDR、微流控芯片法）以及其他方法（如：Simul-Seq、Gel-Seq）。本文对这几类技术进行了简要介绍,并对其前景进行了展望。     

环糊精及其衍生物在药物分离分析中的应用进展

近年来,环糊精及其衍生物在药物尤其是手性药物分离分析中的应用受到了广泛关注。本文通过查阅有关文献,对CD及其衍生物在高效液相色谱、气相色谱、毛细管电泳色谱、薄层色谱、超,临界流体色谱、高速逆流色谱以及膜分离等方法中的应用作了系统介绍,具有十分重要的参考价值。     

HIV蛋白酶抑制剂的关键中间体——手性氨基环氧烷合成研究进展

拟肽类HIV蛋白酶抑制剂是临床治疗艾滋病的主要药物,它们的共性结构片段——（2R, 3S）-3-氨基-4-苯基-2-丁醇从关键中间体手性氨基环氧烷得到,笔者对该中间体的合成研究进行归纳和总结。     

阿维莫泮合成中Aza-Michael加成反应的优化

目的改进阿维莫泮关键中间体的合成工艺。方法在阿维莫泮的手性诱导合成—（3R,4R）-4-（3-羟苯基）-3,4-二甲基哌啶与α,β-不饱和酯（或酰胺）的Aza-Michael加成反应中,添加硝酸铈铵（CAN）可以提高反应的立体选择性和收率,缩短反应时间。结果当底物为α,β-不饱和酰胺时,加入硝酸铈铵,-20℃下反应6 h,两个非对映异构体产物的比例为15.5∶1,收率达到88%。结论该路线简捷,昂贵的哌啶原料消耗少,具有较好的应用价值。     

手性药物高效毛细管电泳拆分方法的研究进展

高效毛细管电泳法（high performance capillary electrophoresis,HPCE）在手性药物拆分领域得到了广泛的应用。目前,手性离子液体用于毛细管电泳拆分手性药物时,常与环糊精（CD）类手性选择剂构成二元体系产生协同作用,增强了手性离子液体潜在的手性拆分能力。依据对映体拆分的手性选择剂的种类及浓度、缓冲液的浓度和pH、电泳工作电压和温度,选出手性拆分的最佳条件。综述手性药物的发展以及应用HPCE拆分手性药物的文献资料,并对其研究的新进展作了分析。     

羧甲基-β-环糊精用于6种抗胆碱类药物的毛细管电泳拆分

目的建立高效毛细管电泳法分离6种抗胆碱类药物对映体。方法采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管柱,以羧甲基-β-环糊精(carboxymethy-β-cyclodextrin,CM-β-CD)为手性选择剂,磷酸盐缓冲液作为背景电解质。结果在最佳条件下,托吡卡胺、氢溴酸后马托品、甲溴后马托品、阿托品和溴甲阿托品的分离度(R)分别为5.13、6.29、4.67、4.85和4.59,消旋山莨菪碱的分离度(R)分别为1.13、6.92和2.58。结论 CM-β-CD对6种抗胆碱类药物对映体均有较好的对映体选择性。     

Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Recognition Systems: Applications in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors

Supramolecular chemistry, although focused mainly on noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are considerably weaker than covalent interactions, can be employed to fabricate sensors with a remarkable affinity for a target analyte. In this review the development of cyclodextrin-based electrochemical sensors is described and discussed. Following a short introduction to the general properties of cyclodextrins and their ability to form inclusion complexes, the cyclodextrin-based sensors are introduced. This includes the combination of cyclodextrins with reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, conducting polymers, enzymes and aptamers, and electropolymerized cyclodextrin films. The applications of these materials as chiral recognition agents and biosensors and in the electrochemical detection of environmental contaminants, biomolecules and amino acids, drugs and flavonoids are reviewed and compared. Based on the papers reviewed, it is clear that cyclodextrins are promising molecular recognition agents in the creation of electrochemical sensors, chiral sensors, and biosensors. Moreover, they have been combined with a host of materials to enhance the detection of the target analytes. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the development of more robust methods for the integration of cyclodextrins into the sensing unit.     

毛细管微乳电动色谱法的研究进展

目的 介绍近年来毛细管微乳电动色谱法的研究和应用进展,为该技术在药物分析中的应用提供参考。方法 通过检索阅读毛细管微乳电动色谱的文献报道,对微乳电动色谱在正辛醇-水分配系数（logP）测定、天然产物和手性化合物分离等方面的应用进行总结。结果 毛细管微乳电动色谱对于难溶性物质和复杂混合物的分离具显著优势,同时是目前报道的测定logP值最为简便快速准确的色谱方法。微乳液的微观结构分析尚需进一步深入研究。结论 毛细管微乳电动色谱兼具色谱和电泳分离的特点,应用范围较广,可以同时分离水溶性、脂溶性、酸性、碱性及中性物质。但毛细管微乳电动色谱分析的稳定性和重复性还有待提高。     

3,4-二氯-万古霉素手性固定相拆分克伦特罗和马布特罗对映体

目的在极性流动相条件下,用自制的3,4-二氯-万古霉素手性柱拆分克伦特罗和马布特罗对映体.方法流动相组成为甲醇,添加不同的冰乙酸和三乙胺,观察了流动相中不同的酸碱添加剂,以及不同流速与柱温对拆分对映体的影响.结果当流动相条件为甲醇:冰乙酸:三乙胺=100:0.05:0.05(V:V:V),流速为1 mL/min时,克伦特罗和马布特罗的选择因子分别能达到1.232和1.299,分离度分别为1.006和1.015.结论在自制的3,4-二氯-万古霉素手性柱上克伦特罗和马布特罗得到了较好的分离.     

Immunoadsorption with tryptophan columns: A therapeutic option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with septic complications

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs and tissues. Although there is a wide range of therapeutic applications, the coexistence of severe side effects and contraindications outlines the necessity of new therapeutic options in the treatment of severe RA. We report on the case of a 71‐year‐old patient with successful treatment of a complicated RA with tryptophan immunoadsorption combined with low‐dose steroids. Bacterial spondylitis developed in this patient during long‐term treatment with infliximab and methotrexate. Weekly immunoadsorption sessions with tryptophan columns resulted in continuous suppression of RA activity over a period of more than 5 months, as indicated by laboratory findings, the disease activity score, and the visual analog scale. This is the first report of successful treatment of a refractory and complicated RA using tryptophan immunoadsorption columns. In conclusion, immunoadsorption is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative, which should be considered to bridge infectious complications in patients with severe RA. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.