Cough provocation with capsaicin is an objective way to test sensory hyperreactivity in patients with asthma-like symptoms

BACKGROUND: A group of patients with asthma-like symptoms and sensitivity to chemical irritants, but without bronchial obstruction, has been found among subjects referred for suspected asthma. They have no well-defined diagnosis, and no objective diagnostic method has previously been available. These patients are more sensitive to inhaled capsaicin than are patients with asthma or healthy controls. The aim was to study cough and other capsaicin-induced symptoms and to test the effect of a drug (lidocaine) that inhibits nerve transmission in sensory nerves. METHODS: Twelve patients were provoked with three different concentrations of inhaled capsaicin solutions in a randomized, double-blind order. They all had asthma-like symptoms and were sensitive to chemical irritants, but had no IgE-mediated allergy or demonstrable bronchial obstruction. Before the provocations, the patients inhaled lidocaine or placebo (saline), also in a double-blind, randomized order. The results were expressed as the number of coughs and scores of various symptoms. RESULTS: The patients reacted in a dose-dependent way with cough, airway, and eye symptoms, which were significantly reduced after preinhalation of lidocaine. CONCLUSIONS: A drug that inhibits transmission in sensory nerves successfully blocked the number of coughs and other symptoms provoked by inhalation of capsaicin. This indicates that the mechanisms underlying chemical sensitivity in these patients may originate in the sensory nervous system, and we call this condition "sensory hyperreactivity".     

A scanning electron microscopy study of the interface between ceramics and bone

By use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with energy dispersive chemical analysis, a study has been made of the comparison of an in vitro method of assessing interface reactions between bone and ceramic implants with the naturally occurring changes seen in the rat ear model. Interface reactions between bone and two ceramic materials were examined following 4 wk in culture and 4 wk implantation. In both cases a gradual chemical change occurred at the calcium silicate surface during the fibrous growth onto the ceramic material. Gradual mineralization of the connective fibres was found at the interface of the calcium silicate material, whereas, in the case of alumina ceramic a connective fibrous bond had formed with no associated chemical change at the ceramic surface.     

Optimum support properties for protein separations by high-performance size exclusion chromatography

Optimum chromatographic properties of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of proteins, such as resolution, molecular weight accuracy and recovery, are obtained on packings and columns with tailor-made physical and chemical structures, employed at properly adjusted eluent compositions and operation conditions. SEC-theory suggests that a broad molecular weight fractionation range and high linearity of the log-linear calibration plot can be achieved by the use of two packings (10- and 80-nm pore size, characterized by a pore-size distribution (psd) equal to or less than 1 decade and by equal internal column porosity (p)), rather than a single 30- to 50-nm pore-size packing with a wide psd. Favourably high-phase ratios of (p)/(o)/ 1.0 for HPSEC columns were accomplished with a minimum interstitial column porosity (o) and a high value for the internal column porosity (p) (the specific pore volume, nu(p), multiplied by the packing density, varrho(p).) Ligands such as diol, N-acetoxyamino and oligomeric ether with a propyl- or propoxy-spacer bonded to the silica at the highest density appear to provide high mass recovery and bioactivity as well as chemical stability. Such packings, available in 3-5 mum particle size ranges of narrow distribution, packed into columns 6 mm i.d. and 500 mm in length, offer the best compromise with respect to resolution, speed and pressure drop. More careful studies are required to explain the effects of protein conformational changes and interconversions during elution on HPSEC columns.     

补肾益智方治疗阿尔兹海默病的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆形式,目前缺少疾病修饰性的治疗药物。中医理论认为肾精亏虚是AD发生发展的内在机制,补肾益精是中医治疗AD的基本原则,贯穿AD治疗的始终。补肾益智方是治疗AD的临床经验方。补肾益智方治疗AD已有大量文献报道,但补肾益智方缺乏临床应用安全性评价,同时其基础研究薄弱,有效成分不明、多靶点作用机制不清。为阐明补肾益智方多成分、多靶点、多途径治疗AD的作用机制,该文综述了补肾益智方治疗AD的研究进展。进一步收集了16个基于高效液相色谱指纹图谱的补肾益智方主要化学成分,并对其成药性与安全性进行评价。利用基于AD重要病理生理学过程的网络药理学与文献综述相结合的方法,深入分析了补肾益智方靶向胆碱能系统、AD神经病理学特征的有效成分及可能机制。该研究为AD对症治疗、疾病修饰性治疗的药物研发提供了一系列有潜力的先导化合物,并为深入拓展补肾益智方的临床应用提供了理论依据。     

益智仁在疾病中的研究进展

〔摘 要〕 益智仁为姜科山姜属植物益智的干燥成熟果实,是我国著名的四大南药之一,在临床上常用于治疗腹泻、尿频、 炎症以及癌症等疾病。近年来,对益智仁的药理研究主要在其提取物和化学成分上,本文作者综述了其在腹泻、阿尔茨海 默病（AD）、癌症、肾病、骨疾病等方面的研究,为以后对益智仁的研究、开发与应用提供了基础。     

一种白蚁预防工程自动配药系统的研制

目的设计一种用于白蚁预防工程的小型自动配药系统。方法集成配药单元、流量监测单元、计量单元、施药单元及支撑载体等功能模块,设计研发一款自动配药系统。结果精准度试验表明系统自动配药偏差率,5%联苯菊酯水乳剂为-4%、20%吡虫啉悬浮剂为-6%,实现了施工现场的精准配药,降低了施工人员的劳动强度和中毒风险。结论该自动配药系统实用性强、实际应用效果好,值得在白蚁防治工作中推广应用。     

地塞米松诱发大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎实验研究

目的 在地塞米松磷酸钠诱导下建立大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的动物模型。方法 将40只雌性SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,前者皮下注射地塞米松磷酸钠,1mg/次,2次/w;后者不做任何处理。观察两组大鼠的发病情况,并每隔3周两组各取5只动物进行病原学检查。结果 实验组大鼠第6周开始发病,肺印片、支气管肺泡灌洗液沉渣中查到卡氏肺孢子虫包囊及滋养体;对照组大鼠无异常表现,病原学检查阴性。结论 在地塞米松磷酸钠诱导下可成功建立大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎动物模型。     

扶芳藤化学成分研究

目的：对扶芳藤的化学成分进行研究。方法：乙醇提取,硅胶柱色谱分离,葡聚糖色谱纯化,核磁、质谱、紫外、红外光谱及理化常数鉴定结构。结果：从氯仿提取液中分离鉴定了6个化合物,分别为刺苞木脂素A(1),3-O-咖啡酰基白桦酯醇(Ⅰ),3-O-咖啡酰基羽扇豆醇(Ⅱ),丁香脂素(Ⅳ),1,4-二羟基-2-甲氧基苯(Ⅴ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅵ)。结论：6个化合物均为首次从该植物中获得,而且化合物(Ⅰ)为新化合物。     

光纤化学传感器—计算机联用实时在位测定氧氟沙星片体外溶出度

目的：探索一种连续在位测定固体制剂溶出度的新方法和新理论。方法：应用芘丁酸光纤化学传感器和计算机联用在线技术及中国药典（1995版）规定的紫外分光光度法（UV）分别测定氧氟沙星片剂的体外溶出度。结果：在药典规定的测定浓度范围内有良好的线性,相关系数0．9980。方法的日内、日间精密度（RSD）分别为1．18％和1．56％,当信噪比为3时检测限为0．56μg/ml。用中国药典（1995版）规定的紫外分光光度法作对照并进行评价,P＞0．05,显示两种方法所得结果无显著性差异。结论：本法改变传统的取样分析模式,实现了响应快速、准确、灵敏的过程分析。     

白桦叶的二苯基庚烷类化合物

目的：对白桦叶的化学成分做系统研究,以更好的开发利用我国的植物资源。方法采用硅胶柱、凝胶柱及制备薄层色谱法进行了分离,通过波谱技术（^ＨＮＭＲ,^１３ＣＮＭＲ,^１Ｈ－^１ＨＣＯＳＹ,ＨＭＱＣ,ＨＭＢＣ,ＮＯＥＳＹ）进行结构鉴定。结果：分离鉴定了４种二苯基庚烷类化合物,槭木素丁（１）,氧杂二苯庚烯（Ⅱ）,１７－甲基－１５－甲氧基－７－７氧代槭木素丁 (Ⅲ）,槭木素十一（Ⅳ）,结论：化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ均首次从本种植物中分离得以,并纠正了化合物Ⅲ的碳谱数据归属。