Culture, biomedicine and child mortality in Cameroon

This article is based on a field study conducted by the authors in East Cameroon in 1987-1988 and on written sources available, including U.N. and Cameroon government statistics. It focuses on two major issues, namely, the relationship between biomedical assumptions and programs and traditional cultural tenets and the impact of both on child mortality in Cameroon's East Province. It contrasts the problems of disease and mortality in the area as reflected in official statistics with the actual health situation in the Province in light of resilient beliefs, attitudes, and practices that hinder rather than facilitate the effectiveness of immunization campaigns undertaken by the government to save the child. The study concludes by discussing policy choices and steps that both the government and the affected people might consider to remedy the region's disappointing health conditions.     

R与医学统计的未来

随着大数据时代的到来,数据挖掘和模式识别已经逐渐成为新的医学科学研究范式.临床大数据集具有自身的特点:数据格式多样、复杂且难于统一,常规的商业化统计分析软件难以适应临床数据挖掘的任务需要.R是一种应用范围极其广泛、发展极其迅速、功能极其强大的统计和数据挖掘软件.本文为从事数据挖掘工作的临床研究者和医务人员介绍了R的特点.R相较于SPSS、SAS等常规商业数据分析软件的优点包括:(1)良好的编程性;(2)R具有易于扩展性,为开源社区的大量开发者提供了很多先进和实验性的统计模块及算法包;(3)良好的交互界面;(4)支持几乎所有数据格式的载入;(5)良好的数据管理;(6)绘图功能强大;(7)强大的并行计算与大数据处理能力;(8)由于以上优点,R可以很好地与临床数据挖掘研究相结合,为医学统计的发展提供动力,并推动新一代循证医学的全新理论和方法在21世纪诞生.     

牙髓干细胞能再生生物组织工程牙齿组织吗？

牙髓干细胞属于成体干细胞。最近迅速发展的干细胞及组织工程技术的出现为牙齿组织的再生带来了希望。牙齿组织工程的途径之一就是在生物材料支架上种植牙髓干细胞,在体内或体外培养,并种植到缺损区域以再生牙齿或部分缺损的牙齿组织。目前由于牙齿组织的特殊性,关于牙髓干细胞能否再生出生物组织工程牙齿组织还存在着一些争议,但我们认为牙髓干细胞再生生物学牙齿组织是将来口腔治疗的一个方向。随着分子生物医学的发展和牙齿再生中微环境及牙胚的发育研究的加快,相信利用牙髓干细胞再生牙齿组织不会是遥远的梦想。     

功能化石墨烯的生物医药应用研究

从2004年被发现至今,石墨烯这种特殊的纳米材料的研究和应用备受关注。石墨烯的功能化是其进一步加工以充分发挥其优良性质的基础。石墨烯的生物医药应用还处在探索阶段,如何根据实际需求对功能化石墨烯进行生物相容性、药物载体、生物检测等研究是极富挑战的工作。重点阐述了石墨烯在生物医药领域应用的最新研究进展,并对其发展作了展望。     

SCI收录医学院校和医院论文的理性分析

介绍了国内目前利用SCI进行科研评价的现状,指出了过分倚重SCI论文数量评价学术成就的局限性和片面性,提出了在避免科研不端的前提下增加医学院校和医院SCI论文数量的4种思路,包括寻找SCI论文新的增长点、发表多种栏目的SCI论文、开展国内外科研合作和创办SCI期刊.     

Integrative oncology in Australia

The use of alternative medicine(AM) in Australia dates back to its earliest times,with the indigenous medicine of the aboriginal peoples and the folk medicine of the early English settlers.AM has until recently existed quite separately from Western biomedicine(WB) and there has been little integration of the two systems.Now,referred to as complementary medicine(CM),there has been a movement over the last 20 years to include CM in WB mainstream practices.Varying degrees of success have been reported but for the discipline of oncology.Medical oncology(MO) in Australia is demanding CM provide high levels of evidence for any inclusion in cancer protocols.There are just now the beginnings of this integration, particularly as CM is now being taught in the public university system to a PhD level as well as the public demand for their medical doctors to communicate with their CM practitioners.MO specialists are now open to a dialogue with their CM counterparts.     

Beyond barriers: fundamental ‘disconnects’ underlying the treatment of breast cancer patients' sexual health

Sexual health concerns represent one of the most frequently experienced and longest-lasting effects of breast cancer treatment, but research suggests that service providers rarely discuss sexual health with their patients. Existing research examining barriers to addressing patients' sexual health concerns has focused on discrete characteristics of the provider-patient interaction without considering the broader context in which these interactions occur. Drawing on the experiences of 21 breast cancer survivors, this paper explores three ways in which fundamental cultural and structural characteristics of the cancer care system in the USA may prevent breast cancer survivors from addressing their sexual health concerns, including: (1) when patients discussed sexual health with their providers, their providers approached sexuality as primarily physical, while participants experienced complex, multidimensional sexual health concerns; (2) specialisation within cancer care services made it difficult for patients to identify the appropriate provider to address their concerns; and (3) the structure of cancer care literally disconnects patients from the healthcare system at the time when sexual side effects commonly emerged. These data suggest that addressing breast cancer survivors' sexual health concerns requires a multifaceted approach to health systems change.     

超顺磁性纳米粒的关键理化性质及其在生物医学中的应用

超顺磁性纳米粒以生物相容性的材料作为耦合剂,以药物、蛋白、质粒等功能基团进行链接或载带,超顺磁性纳米粒在临床治疗领域应用广泛,如疾病诊断、药物靶向治疗、基因转染、医学成像、热疗和放疗等领域。此外,超顺磁性纳米粒也用于细胞分离和分类及蛋白质分离纯化和核酸的提取等领域。超顺磁性纳米粒是一种堪称理想的靶向药物纳米载体,通过靶向部位药物浓度的增高,提高治疗的有效性同时减少了不良反应,开辟了高选择性的治疗癌症的方法,是一种高效、经济、安全的纳米载体,将广泛应用于各种临床治疗手段。     

基于专利分析的生物医药技术发展研究

以德温特世界专利索引（DerwentWorldPatentsIndex）中收录的1980--2012年全球范围内申请的生物医药相关专利数据为基础,使用ThomsonInnovation工具,通过计量排序、可视化聚类、引证统计等分析方法,揭示了生物医药4大领域——抗体药物、疫苗、核酸药物及干细胞技术的发展现状和趋势,以期为我国生物医药企业研发策略及宏观产业政策的制定提供有价值的参考。     

Surgical birth: Interpretations of cesarean delivery among private hospital patients and nursing staff

Cesarean delivery, although classified by medical practitioners as major surgery, is simultaneously defined as childbirth by both specialists and laypeople. Women experiencing cesarean delivery, therefore, confront a contradiction which affects postpartum treatment by nursing staff and expectations by family and the postcesarean patient regarding appropriate responses to delivery. Elicitation of the explanatory models of cesarean patients in a private Dallas hospital indicates the ambiguity in the definition of the cesarean reflecting more general trends in American obstetrics. Further, the data demonstrate the limited influence of the natural childbirth movement and the acceptance of technological intervention at birth in this population.