柞蚕溶菌酶基因在酵母中的表达及对变形链球菌的作用

目的:建立柞蚕溶菌酶的毕赤酵母表达系统,分析重组的柞蚕溶菌酶对变形链球菌的作用。方法:毕赤酵母表达系统用于柞蚕溶菌酶的表达及纯化。琼脂扩散法用于检测重组柞蚕溶菌酶对变形链球菌的抗菌活性。结果:在毕赤酵母表达系统中表达的柞蚕溶菌酶能够分泌到胞外,并且被糖基化。抑菌圈结果显示重组柞蚕溶菌酶对变形链球菌有抑菌活性。柞蚕溶菌酶在酵母菌中的表达是在5ml/L甲醇诱导下96h达到高峰;纯化的重组柞蚕溶菌酶相对分子质量约为20000。结论:重组的柞蚕溶菌酶具有抑制变形链球菌生长的作用。     

乙型肝炎病毒HBeAg与AK026018基因表达产物的结合能力

目的验证乙型肝炎病毒HBeAg与AK026018基因表达蛋白在细胞内及细胞外的结合作用.方法应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术,从HepG2细胞中扩增AK026018基因序列,构建真核表达载体,与HBeAg真核表达载体共转染营养缺陷酵母细胞,观察生长情况.同时进一步应用网织红细胞裂解体外翻译及免疫共沉淀系统,验证AK026018蛋白与HBeAg间的确切结合作用.结果经限制性内切酶分析和DNA序列测定构建的AK026018重组表达载体正确.共转染后的酵母细胞在营养缺陷培养基中生长良好.体外免疫共沉淀实验可见特异放射自显影带.结论HBeAg与AK026018基因编码蛋白在细胞内及细胞外均能相互结合,推测该分子在HBV的致病过程中起着重要作用.     

产乳糖酶酵母Kfragilis株增殖培养发酵条件的优化

目的：提高发酵液单位体积的酵母细胞总量，以提高酶得率。方法：采用单因素试验方法，对影响酵母生长的主要限制因子──培养液中可利用的糖含量进行了试验。用细胞浊度法来表示酵母细胞的增殖情况，Nelson－Somogyi法测定培养液中可利用的糖含量，凯氏定氮法测培养液中的氮含量，PH计测定PH值。结果：确定了Kfragilis酵母株增殖培养的较佳配方，当选择原色砂糖浓度为10％、pH为6时，细胞量比原配方提高了3．65倍。单位酶产量达122．4IU／ml。结论：优化后的该菌株增殖培养条件下，该菌株生长产酶情况良好，可用于生产。     

Incidence of Yeasts in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Nigeria: Hefen bei Schwangeren und Nichtschwangeren in Nigeria

The yeast flora of vagina and associated sites (cervix, urethra, perineum and rectum) in 224 pregnant and 106 non-pregnant Nigerian women was investigated. A variety of yeasts represented by 12 species were isolated. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species in both groups, accounting for 63.6% of the isolates from pregnant women and 44.8% of the isolates from non-pregnant women. Other species of yeasts infrequently or occasionally encountered were Torulopsis glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, C. stellatoidea, T. candida, T. etchellsii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula rubra and Cryptococcus uniguttulatus. C. albicans was also the principal species recovered from symptomatic cases in both groups, followed by T. glabrata in pregnant women and C. parapsilosis in non-pregnant women.     

Susceptibility of Yeast-Like Fungi to a New Antifungal Agent, LY 121019

Summary:  LY 121019, a new antifungal antibiotic agent, was tested for activity against 200 clinical isolates of Candida and other yeast-like fungi. LY 121019 had its greatest inhibitory effect on C. albicans , and C. tropicalis. C. glabrata and most other Candida species were not as sensitive. Cryptococcus and other yeast-like fungi, with the exception of a few strains, were not susceptible to LY 121019.
Zusammenfassung:  LY 121019, ein neues Antimyzetikum, wurde auf seine Aktivität gegen 200 klinische Isolate von Candida und anderen, hefeähnlichen Pilzen untersucht. LY 121019 hat seine größte Hemmwirkung gegen C. albicans und C. tropicalis. C. glabrata und die meisten anderen Candida -Arten waren nicht so empfindlich. Cryptococcus und andere, hefeähnliche Pilze waren, mit Ausnahme weniger Stämme, nicht für LY 121019 empfindlich.     

Die Tellurit-Empfindlichkeit der (fakultativ) pathogenen Hefen und ihre Wuchsformen auf Clauberg-II-Agar: Tellurite Sensitivity of Facultatively Pathogenic Yeasts and their Growth Characteristics on Clauberg-II-Agar

Zusammenfassung: Unterschiedlich ausgeprägtes Wachstum auf Clauberg-Agar, ein interessantes Differenzierungsmerkmal der im menschlichen Untersuchungsmaterial vorkommenden Hefen, hat uns veranlaßt, die Tellurit-Empfindlichkeit der pathogenen Sproßpilze zu prüfen. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die auf Clauberg-Agar gut wachsenden Candida- und Trichosporonarten durchweg niedrige Tellurit-Empfindlichkeit aufweisen.
Summary: The sensitivity of 21 species of facultatively pathogenic yeasts to potassium tellurite was tested by the agar dilution method on Kimmig's agar. The sensitivity varied from 15,6 to >500 mcg/ml. Furthermore, the growth characteristics of these species on Clauberg-II-agar was examined. The variable ability to grow on this medium, along with the colony morphology, may be used in the differentiation of yeasts isolated from clinical material.     

A rapid and reliable method for PCR-based amplification of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA from intact yeast cells

In this paper we describe a method to amplify mitochondrial and chromosomal DNA from yeasts by PCR using intact cells.     

酵母菌医院感染的危险因素与耐药性分析

目的了解酵母菌医院感染的危险因素与耐药现状。方法住院患者各类感染标本中分离出的酵母菌286株采用全自动微生物鉴定仪及YBC卡鉴定。氟康唑（FCZ）的药敏试验采用酵母菌琼脂扩散法，其余6种药物采用ATB Fungus药敏试剂盒，分别测定7种常用抗真菌药物对286株酵母菌的药敏结果。结果白色假丝酵母菌检出率最高(占67.8%)，其次为热带假丝酵母菌（17.5%）、光滑假丝酵母菌（8.4%）。医院酵母菌感染危险因素为严重的相关基础疾病、住院时间长、患者老龄化、糖皮质激素和免疫抑制药的应用等。酵母菌对两性霉素B、氟康唑、制霉菌素、5-氟胞嘧啶的敏感率分别为97.9%，90.9%，89.5%，88.8%，对咪康唑、酮康唑、益康唑耐药率分别为12.2%，17.5%，30.8%。结论医院酵母菌感染及耐药性呈上升趋势。加强酵母菌的耐药监测，为防止酵母菌院内感染及抗真菌药物合理使用提供理论依据。