新型布尼亚病毒致发热伴血小板减少综合征26例临床分析

目的：了解新型布尼亚病毒感染后临床特征。方法26例发热伴血小板减少综合征患者,应用RT－PCR法和序列分析检测新型布尼亚病毒特异性核酸片段,并且对流行病学和临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果26例患者血清新型布尼亚病毒病原检测均阳性,8例患者特异性血清IgM抗体和IgG抗体阳性,均有发热症状,外周血细胞的改变主要表现在白细胞和血小板的下降,均有丙氨酸转氨酶、谷氨酸转氨酶或乳酸脱氢酶的升高,4例患者出现不同程度肾功能损害。结论新型布尼亚病毒感染患者早期诊断并经积极治疗,多数患者可恢复。     

Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia among Chinese Adult Antiretroviral-na?ve HIV-positive Patients

Background:

The prevalence of thrombocytopenia among Chinese antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected adults has not been well-described. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of thrombocytopenia among Chinese ART-naïve HIV-infected adults.

Methods:

We performed a cross-sectional study of Chinese adult ART-naïve HIV-infected patients from September 2005 through August 2014. Socio-demographic variables and laboratory results including platelets, CD4+ cell count, and viral load were obtained from medical records. Factors and outcomes associated with thrombocytopenia were assessed using logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 1730 adult ART-naïve HIV-infected patients was included. The mean age was 38 years. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 4.5%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of thrombocytopenia between patients <30 years of age (2.8%) and 30–39 years (4.0%) compared with patients greater than 50 years (7.0%) (P = 0.006 and P = 0.044, respectively). The prevalence of thrombocytopenia was also significantly different between patients with CD4+ counts of 200–349 cells/mm³ (3.3%) and >350 cells/mm³ (2.8%) compared with patients with CD4+ counts of 50–199 cells/mm³ (7.1%) (P = 0.002 and P = 0.005, respectively). The prevalence of thrombocytopenia was significantly different by hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) seropositivity (10.2% for HCV-Ab positive vs. 3.9% for HCV-Ab negative, P = 0.001). We observed differences in prevalence of thrombocytopenia by mode of transmission of HIV infection: Blood transmission (10.7%) versus men who have sex with men (3.9%) (P = 0.002) and versus heterosexual transmission (3.9%) (P = 0.001). In binary logistic regression analyses, age ≥50 years, HCV-Ab positivity and having a CD4+ cell count of 50–199 cells/mm³ were significantly associated with thrombocytopenia with adjusted odds ratio of 2.482 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.167, 5.281, P = 0.018), 2.091 (95% CI: 1.078, 4.055, P = 0.029) and 2.259 (95% CI: 1.028, 4.962, P = 0.042), respectively.

Conclusions:

Thrombocytopenia is not common among adult ART-naïve HIV-infected patients in China. Older age (age over 50 years), HCV-Ab positivity and lower CD4+ cell count are associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of thrombocytopenia in these patients are necessary.     

淋巴细胞绝对值对成人原发免疫性血小板减少症患者诊断后6个月内合并感染的预测意义

目的 研究成人原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者诊断后6个月内感染的发生率、危险因素及预后情况,评估初诊淋巴细胞绝对值(ALC)对感染的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析217例初诊成人ITP患者的临床资料,分析6个月内合并感染的危险因素,评估初诊ALC在ITP患者诊断后6个月内合并感染的预测价值以及与预后的相关性.结果 217例成人ITP患者诊断后6个月内的感染发生率为13.8％(30/217),≥60岁患者感染发生率为25.0％(14/56).多因素分析发现性别、ALC是发生感染的独立危险因素(P＜0.05,95％CI l.150～7.298,OR 2.722; P＜0.01,95％CI 6.802～80.749,OR 23.436).ALC预测感染的分界值是1.225× 109/L(敏感性0.866,特异性0.700).ALC≤1.225×109/L组与ALC＞1.225×109/L组比较,感染发生率较高(45.7％对5.3％,x2=49.151,P＜0.01),持续缓解率和1年生存率差异无统计学意义(28.0％对26.0％,x2=0.071,P＞0.05; 98.6％对97.8％,x2=0.095,P＞0.05).6个月内发生感染与无感染患者比较,1年生存率较低(93.3％对99.3％,x2=4.607,P＜0.05),持续缓解率差异无统计学意义(30.0％对27.3％,x2=0.096,P＞0.05).结论 初诊ALC可以作为ITP患者诊断后6个月内合并感染风险的预测指标.感染是影响ITP患者预后的主要因素.     

新诊断免疫性血小板减少症中医临床路径的应用研究

目的:评价新诊断免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)中医临床路径在临床的应用效果。方法:收集成都中医药大学附属医院儿科病房2012年1月~2014年12月期间住院并诊断为新诊断免疫性血小板减少症患儿资料,根据是否实施临床路径分为临床路径组(23例,年龄1~18岁)与对照组(20例,年龄1~18岁),分别评价2组住院总费用、住院天数及中医证候疗效。结果:路径组平均住院总费用为(3030.16±412.35)元,明显低于非路径组的(3543.24±502.25)元,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。路径组患儿平均住院天数为(10.45±2.38)d,非路径组为(12.11±2.88)d,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。路径组患儿治疗后总有效率为95.66%,非路径组患儿治疗后总有效率为90%,两者差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但路径组总有效率高于非路径组。结论:新诊断免疫性血小板减少症中医临床路径可减少平均住院总费用,减少平均住院天数,提高中医证候疗效。     

How Can I Manage Thrombocytopenia in Hemodialysis Patient? A Review

Hemodialysis (HD) is the most important treatment for patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Thrombocytopenia is a potential treatment complication related to dialysis. Under normal circumstances, the platelet count would slightly decrease within the first hour of HD, but get restored towards the end of procedure. In most patients, the platelet count can be maintained within the normal range, and the occurrence of thrombocytopenia is relatively rare in clinical practice. Therefore, the possibility of thrombocytopenia in HD patients is often ignored. Moreover, thrombocytopenia might be misdiagnosed and mistreated. At present, almost all articles on the subject, apart from some case reports, focus on pseudothrombocytopenia and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. In this review, we summarized various underlying causes, mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches to thrombocytopenia in HD patients. The review aims to provide a guide for clinicians interested in the causes and adequate treatment of thrombocytopenia.     

Low prevalence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia after cardiac surgery in Thai patients

Introduction

Heparin induced-thrombocytopenia (HIT) has been well recognized in Western countries. However, there are no data in the Thai population. We therefore investigated the prevalence of anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies, HIT, and its thrombotic complications in Thai patients undergoing cardiac surgery using unfractionated heparin.

Materials and methods

Seventy-three consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples before operation and week 1, week 2, and week 3 after operation were collected from each patient for HIT antibody screening by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using IgG antibody specific to the PF4/heparin complex. Positive samples were further analyzed by ¹⁴C-serotonin release assay. Complete blood count was performed daily during the first week, then weekly for 3 weeks.

Results

No patient had detectable anti-PF4/heparin antibodies at baseline. Five patients sero-converted during the course of the study for anti-PF4/heparin IgG: 3 (4.1%) at week 1, 4 (5.5%) at week 2, and 5 (6.8%) at week 3 after surgery. However, none of these patients had anti-PF4/heparin antibodies that resulted in ¹⁴C-serotonin release to be considered clinically significant antibodies. Post-operative thrombocytopenia after the operation was found in 35 patients (47.9%), but was not considered to be caused by HIT. Thromboembolic events occurred in 3 patients (4.1%) during follow up; however, none of these patients had positive PF4/heparin antibody tests.

Conclusions

Our study represents the first study to examine Thai patients exposed to heparin in the context of cardiac surgery. We found a lower prevalence of positive anti-PF4/heparin antibodies and clinical HIT than previously published studies.     

Severe Thrombocytopenia in an Immune Thrombocytopenic Parturient Non-responder to Medical Line of Treatment: Anaesthetic Management for Splenectomy Combined with Caesarean Section

We report anaesthesia management of a parturient with severe thrombocytopenia secondary to immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Her platelet count remained around 3 × 10⁹/l in spite of optimum medical therapy and hence was posted for splenectomy combined with caesarean section. Anaesthesia implications of severe thrombocytopenia comprises risk of central nervous system bleeding, perioperative haemorrhage causing placental hypoperfusion and foetal hypoxia, risk of trauma to compromised airway and risk of epidural haematoma. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the risk factors associated, different management strategies and also to review the literature in an attempt to ameliorate the anaesthesiologist in perioperative management of these cases.     

浙江地区散发新型布尼亚病毒感染患者的临床特点及其基因序列

目的 分析发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒(SFTSV)感染患者的临床特征、流行病学以及SFTSV基因序列.方法 收集2011年5月至7月在温州医学院附属舟山医院感染性疾病科收治的5例重症发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)患者,均经PCR检测SFTSV核酸确诊.采用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测CD3+ CD4+、CD3+ CD8+T淋巴细胞,分离的病毒株测序并与GenBank比对.结果 SFTS患者典型临床表现为持续高热、全身肌肉酸痛、浅表淋巴结肿大、腹痛、腹泻,可伴消化道出血,在急性期WBC、PLT、CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞呈进行性下降,最低分别为(0.97～2.00)×109/L,(12～42)×109/L和7.52％～20.39％.2例患者血清中分离出病毒,其基因序列与GenBank中的SFTSV进行比对,依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶基因与BX-2010、L-WWG、LN3、JS4、SD4、HN6和AH12的同源性为96％,糖蛋白基因的同源性为94％,而N蛋白基因与JS4、SD4和LN4的同源性为95％;分离的2株病毒的上述三种基因序列的同源性为99％.结论 SFTSV在浙江省有散发流行,以本土疫源性可能大,起病急,病情重,伴多脏器功能损害.     

血小板减少的系统性红斑狼疮患者骨髓巨核细胞量与临床特点的关系

目的 分析血小板减少的系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者的临床、实验室特点,探讨骨髓巨核细胞数量对患者临床特征的影响.方法 回顾性分析北京大学人民医院住院102例血小板减少的SLE患者,以无血小板减少的140例SLE患者为对照,比较2组在器官受累、疾病活动度、骨髓象、免疫学特征及疗效方面的差别.统计学方法采用x2检验和t检验.结果 75例患者血小板减少发生在SLE确诊前后1年之间.血小板减少发生在SLE确诊前的患者中,血小板下降程度更为显著.有血小板减少的SLE患者脏器受累比例较高,主要包括神经系统和肺,但2组在总体SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分方面的差异无统计学意义.根据骨髓巨核细胞数量分组,16例患者巨核细胞减少,无巨核细胞减少的患者34例.巨核细胞减少组的患者无论在疾病活动度、脏器受损等临床特点方面与无巨核细胞减少组差异无统计学意义.血小板减少的近期治疗效果也与骨髓巨核细胞数量无相关性.结论 合并血小板减少的SLE患者容易合并其他重要脏器受损.     

利奈唑胺致血小板减少症发生状况及相关影响因素分析研究

目的：对使用利奈唑胺的住院患者进行回顾性调查分析,探讨利奈唑胺致相关性血小板减少症的发生情况及其影响因素。方法： 采用回顾性病例研究,对2015年6月至2017年12月某院260例使用利奈唑胺致相关性血小板减少症的发病情况进行分析,采用t检验（参数）和 Mann-Whitney U 检验（非参数）,χ2检验逐个分析各指标的组间差异性;采用条件Logistic回归分析不良反应/事件发生的影响因素及其标准回归系数（影响程度）。检验水准α=0.05。结果：纳入研究的260例患者中,有67例发生血小板减少症,发生比例为25.77%。单因素分析年龄分组中＞65岁人群中发病率较高,为35.40%（χ2=9.80,P=0.02）;≥3个联合用药组中发病率较高,为34.07%（χ2=11.02,P=0.01）。分析表明,实验室检查指标血小板基础值、用药天数、白蛋白、血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸与血小板减少症有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析提示：血小板基础值、用药天数、胆红素、肌酐与血小板减少症的发生密切相关。ROC诊断曲线预测分析曲线下面积为0.738,灵敏度68.71%,特异度71.50%,Youden指数0.40。结论：使用利奈唑胺后发生血小板减少症的发生率较高;单因素分析显示应重点关注高龄（≥65岁）、联合用药（≥3种）、基础血小板值低的患者;多因素分析显示,血小板基础值、用药天数、胆红素、肌酐与血小板减少症的发生密切相关。